江西鄱阳湖微囊藻毒素污染及其在鱼体内的动态研究

为了解淡水湖泊微囊藻毒素污染水平和掌握其在鱼体内的动态变化 ,2 0 0 0年 7月和 10月份采集了江西鄱阳湖的水样及鱼样 ,用ELISA法对样品的微囊藻毒素进行测定。结果显示 ,7月份和 10月份各采样点水样都有蓝藻的污染 ,蓝藻已成为鄱阳湖的优势藻种。 10月份各点微囊藻毒素高于 7月份 ,10月份污染较重的采样点 (岸边、永修河 )微囊藻毒素平均含量 888 8pg ml,是污染轻的采样点 (蚌湖 1、蚌湖 2和大湖池 )微囊藻毒素平均含量 83 6pg ml的 10倍左右 ,其中以永修河水最高为 10 3 6 9pg ml。各采样点鱼肌肉和鱼肝样中都可以测出微囊藻毒素 ,10月份鱼肌肉微囊藻毒素含量约是 7月份肌肉的 1 2～ 2倍 ,10月份鱼肝微囊藻毒素含量约是 7月份鱼肝脏的 2～ 2 0倍。污染较重的采样点 (岸边、永修河 ) 10月份鱼肝微囊藻毒素平均含量为 2 7 2ng g,明显高于污染轻的采样点 (蚌湖 1、蚌湖 2和大湖池 ,平均含量 2 8ng g)。本研究为微囊藻毒素对水产品的污染和制订其在水产品中的限量标准提供依据     

武汉东湖微囊藻毒素污染及其在鱼体内的动态研究

目的　了解武汉东湖微囊藻毒素污染水平及其在鱼体内的富集状况。方法　 2 0 0 0年 7月和 10月 ,采集了湖边和湖中的水样和鱼样 ,用ELISA法对样品的微囊藻毒素 (MC)进行测定。结果　各采样点都有蓝藻的污染 ,蓝藻已成为东湖的优势藻种。 10月份水中MC含量 ,显著高于 7月份水中MC含量 (P <0 0 5 ) ;肝脏中MC含量 ,显著高于肌肉中MC含量 (P<0 0 5 )。     

东莞市大朗水库藻类污染状况及其毒性分析

在我国，近年来湖泊中藻类污染已相当严重，并越来越引起学者们的关注。广东省东莞、深圳等市水源水主要是来自一些中小型的湖泊，而且由于这些地区的日照时间较长，非常适合藻类的生长，而且目前该地区尚缺乏藻类污染的调查资料。为此，我们选择了东莞市大朗水库，于1997年7月进行了藻类污染的现况调查及可能的遗传毒性分析材料和方法1样品采集以东莞市大朗水库为本次调查现场，选择其取水口的水面及其深水、水源水和水库中段为采样点，连续三天分早、中、晚进行采样。2镜检所采水样用显微镜进行藻类分类和计算藻密度。3藻毒素提取藻毒素的…     

淀山湖及鄱阳湖水体中微囊藻毒素的污染

目的 了解淀山湖、鄱阳湖水体浮游藻类和藻类毒素的污染情况.方法 于2000年7、10月在鄱阳湖和淀山湖各设置5个采样点,采集水样进行藻类计数,采用ELISA方法测定水样中微囊藻毒素(MC)的含量.结果 淀山湖、鄱阳湖10月水中蓝藻百分比均高于7月.淀山湖、鄱阳湖10月水样中MC的含量均高于7月,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).不同采样点水中MC含量差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).7、10月淀山湖水中MC含量均高于鄱阳湖,经t检验,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 蓝藻已成为淀山湖、鄱阳湖水的优势藻种,淀山湖、鄱阳湖水存在MC污染.     

河南省生活饮用水源藻类毒素污染的初探

１９９４～１９９６年期间,对河南省三个水库、三条河流及三个以黄河水为水源的大型蓄水湖泊（池）进行了４２份次水样的藻类毒素检测。结果显示：总体阳性率为２３．８％,超标率为２．３８％。文章讨论了藻类毒素在地面水体中存在的普遍性及对健康的危害性。并建议主管部门应及早制订藻类毒素的卫生标准,以利开展卫生监督,保护人民身体健康。     

高效液相色谱法/液相色谱-质谱法在微囊藻毒素检测中的应用进展

生活及工农业生产中含有大量氮、磷的废污水进入水体后,藻类大量繁殖,其中微囊藻属、鱼腥藻属、颤藻属、念珠藻属等代谢产生的微囊藻毒素(Microcystin,MC)是淡水水体藻毒素污染中范围最广、危害最严重的藻毒素[1]。近20年来,我国湖泊水库富营养化发展迅速,滇池、太湖、武汉东湖、云南     

钱塘江流域地面水致突变性的成因

目的检测并分析钱塘江流域地面水污染物的致突变性并探讨其主要危险因素。方法通过Ames试验检测水样致突变性,运用分析化学的方法检测钱塘江流域水样主要理化相关指标,经统计学分析判断这些指标是否是致突变性的危险因素。结果单因素logistic回归分析以及Spearman秩相关分析均显示,流域内18个采样点水样的总重金属质量浓度、总有机物质量浓度和苯并a芘(Bap)质量浓度这3个指标对水样致突变性并没有影响;简单线性回归分析显示,下游干流5个采样点水样的致突变性与p H值呈负相关(β=-2.049,P0.05),与化学需氧量(COD)呈正相关(β=0.016,P0.05),而与微囊藻毒素(MC-RR、MC-LR)以及Bap的质量浓度无关。结论钱塘江流域地面水致突变性程度较轻。除p H和COD与致突变性有负相关和正相关以外,尚不能明确判定导致水样致突变性的其他危险因素。     

上海市供水系统微囊藻毒素LR含量调查

目的　调查上海市供水系统中微囊藻毒素LR(MC- LR)的污染状况及常规水处理工艺对MC- LR的去除效果。方法　运用高效液相色谱法 (HPLC)检测有代表性的水源、水厂及出厂水样中MC LR的含量。结果　源水中MC- LR浓度随采样点及采样季节变化 ,在夏末秋初易形成污染高峰 ,最高达 2 . 38μg L。混凝沉淀、加氯消毒对去除毒素有一定的效果 ,而过滤则效果不明显 ,在出厂水中也能检测到MC- LR ,最高达1. 2 7μg L。结论　夏秋季节上海市供水系统源水受到以MC- LR为代表的蓝藻毒素的污染 ,郊区源水污染较重 ,常规水处理工艺不能有效地去除水中的微囊藻毒素。     

重庆市及三峡库区水体微囊藻毒素污染研究

目的 了解重庆市供水系统和三峡库区水体微囊藻毒素LR（MC-LR）污染状况及其进行研究。方法于2004年5、8月先后采集重庆市主城区5个自来水处理厂源水和出厂水共10个水样以及库区干流、支流共7个断面的水样，分别进行水样和膜样的预处理，运用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）结合二极管阵列式检测器检测重庆市供水系统、三峡库区水体中微囊藻毒素的浓度。结果（1）重庆市5个自来水处理厂源水和出厂水的MC-LR检测中，化机水厂采样点的源水膜样中检出了MC-LR，浓度为0．11μg/L；其余样本均未检出MC-LR。（2）在三峡库区水域所布设的7个采样点中，有6个采样点的样本检出MC-LR，其浓度范围0．07～0．57μg／L。其中MC-LR水样检出率为86％，浓度范围0．07～0．44μg／L；MC-LR膜样检出率为43％，浓度范围0．12～0．13μg／L。结论本次检测所有检测样本MC-LR浓度均未超过WHO推荐的1μg/L安全限值。（1）重庆市主城区供水系统出厂水未检出MC-LR，饮用水较为安全。（2）在藻类高发季节，三峡库区局部水域中已能够检测出囊藻毒素，但其污染程度较低，尚未超出安全限值。     

应城市农村集中式供水工程水质检测结果分析

应城市位于湖北省中东部,国土面积1103.38平方公里,人口67.32万,素有"膏都盐海"之称,地下地质结构复杂,为了解应城农村集中式供水工程的水质卫生状况,应城市疾病预防控制中心于2008-2009年对全市农村集中式供水工程的水质进行了采样检测,现将分析结果报道如下: 1材料与方法 1.1 采样2008年检测了25个集中式供水工程,2009年检测了34个集中式供水工程,每个点枯水期(3月份)和丰水期(7月份)各采样一次,每次每个点采集出厂水和末梢水各一份,2008年共检测水样100份,2009年共检测水样136份,两年共检测水样236份.236份水样中,井水176分,河水36份,湖水24份.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.