淋巴细胞计数预测HIV/AIDS患者的CD4~+细胞数

目的研究HIV/AIDS患者外周血血常规检测指标与CD4+、CD8+淋巴细胞的相关性,寻求简易、廉价、高效、稳定的艾滋病病程的监测指标。方法采用回归分析等方法对282份HIV/AIDS患者血样白细胞(WBC)、淋巴细胞计数(W-SCC)、中性粒细胞计数(W-LCC)、红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)、血小板(PLT)和CD4+、CD8+淋巴细胞数的相关性进行研究。结果 HIV/AIDS患者中血常规指标异常率较高,主要检测指标均在参考值范围内的仅占32.98%。HIV/AIDS患者血中WBC、W-SCC、W-LCC、RBC、HGB、PLT指标与CD4+淋巴细胞的相关关系均有统计学意义,相关系数分别为0.359、0.499、0.138、0.172、0.121、0.150。用W-SCC(x)估算CD4+淋巴细胞计数(y)的方程为y=101.32x+122.02。结论 HIV/AIDS患者淋巴细胞计数指标与CD4+淋巴细胞相关性较强,可以将其作为反映HIV/AIDS患者机体免疫状况及疾病发展阶段的一个重要指标。     

淋巴细胞计数预测HIV/AIDS患者CD4+细胞的相关研究

目的研究 HIV/AIDS 患者外周血血常规检测指标与 CD4+ 、 CD8+ 淋巴细胞的相关性,寻求简易、廉价、高效、稳定的艾滋病病程的监测指标。方法采用回归分析等方法对282份HIV/AIDS患者血样白细胞 ( WBC ) 、淋巴细胞计数（W-SCC）、中性粒细胞计数（W-LCC）、红细胞 ( RBC ) 、血红蛋白浓度( HGB ) 、血小板 ( PLT ) 和 CD4+、CD8+淋巴细胞数的相关性进行研究。结果HIV/AIDS患者中血常规指标异常率较高,主要检测指标均在参考值范围内的仅占32.98%。HIV/AIDS患者血中WBC、W-SCC、W-LCC、RBC、HGB、PLT指标与CD4+ 淋巴细胞的相关关系均有统计学意义,相关系数分别为0.359、0.499、0.138、0.172、0.121、0.150。用W-SCC（x）估算CD4+淋巴细胞计数（y）的方程为y=101.32x+122.02。结论HIV/AIDS 患者淋巴细胞计数指标与 CD4+淋巴细胞相关性较强, 可以将其作为反映 HIV/AIDS 患者机体免疫状况及疾病发展阶段的一个重要指标。     

IL18 gene polymorphism and its influence on CD4+ T-cell recovery in HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy

BackgroundPyroptosis has been reported to be critical in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) progression. Even after achieving viral suppression to undetectable levels during antiretroviral therapy (ART), exacerbated CD4+ T-cell death by pyroptosis has been suggested as one of the main causes of immunological non-response. Thus, variants in genes of pyroptosis pathway were studied in individuals with poor CD4+ T-cell reconstitution under antiretroviral therapy against HIV-1.Methods248 virologically suppressed ART-treated patients, 126 immunological non-responders (INR) and 122 immunological responders (IR) were recruited. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan probe-based realtime PCR platform. Genotype-guided flow cytometry analysis with general and recent thymic emigrant (RTE) CD4+ T-cells in pyroptosis was performed based on associated polymorphisms.ResultsBoth IL18 rs187238 G allele and GG genotype were associated as protection factors against poor CD4+ T-cell recovery (OR = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.50–0.77; P = .010 and OR = 0.58; 95%CI = 0.36–0.93; P = .022, respectively). It was demonstrated a statistical association between IL18 rs187238 genotypes of ART-treated patients and death by Caspase-1 levels (P = .020). The GG genotype showed lower pyroptotic RTE CD4+ T-lymphocytes levels in the ART-treated groups comparing with CC (P = .029) and CG (P = .018) genotypes, suggesting that the G allele presence may be related to a lower IL-18 production and thus reduced dead CD4+ T-cells levels by Caspase-1.ConclusionWe observed that IL18 G variant allele and genotype were associated with a better immunological response, which may influence on immunological recovery of HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, and low Caspase-1 activity levels was observed on GG genotype when compared CC genotypes.     

Marginal structural models for estimating the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation on CD4 cell count

The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the evolution of CD4-positive T-lymphocyte (CD4 cell) count among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive participants was estimated using inverse probability-of-treatment-and-censoring (IPTC)-weighted estimation of a marginal structural model. Of 1,763 eligible participants from two US cohort studies followed between 1996 and 2002, 60 percent initiated HAART. The IPTC-weighted estimate of the difference in mean CD4 cell count at 1 year among participants continuously treated versus those never treated was 71 cells/mm3 (95% confidence interval: 47.5, 94.6), which agrees with the reported results of randomized experiments. The corresponding estimate from a standard generalized estimating equations regression model that included baseline and most recent CD4 cell count and HIV type 1 RNA viral load as regressors was 26 cells/mm3 (95% confidence interval: 17.7, 34.3). These results indicate that nonrandomized studies of HIV treatment need to be analyzed with methods (e.g., IPTC-weighted estimation) that, in contrast to standard methods, appropriately adjust for time-varying covariates that are simultaneously confounders and intermediate variables. The 1-year estimate of 71 cells/mm3 was followed by an estimated continued increase of 29 cells/mm3 per year (estimated effect at 6 years: 216 cells/mm3), providing evidence that the large short-term effect found in randomized experiments persists and continues to improve over 6 years.     

HIV患者联合检测HCMV DNA和CD4+T细胞计数的临床意义

目的:探讨HIV患者HCMV DNA与CD4+T细胞计数和机会性感染的相关性。方法:对262例HIV患者外周血联合检测HCMV DNA与CD4+T细胞计数,并对其病程作回顾分析。结果:262例HIV阳性患者中HCMV DNA阳性44例(占16.8%),其中HCMV DNA阳性组CD4百分含量为4.43±5.41%,CD4绝对计数为26.73±46.74个/μl明显低于阴性组(P<0.001),HCMV感染的患者发生各种机会性感染和肿瘤的机会明显高于HCMV阴性组,HIV和HCMV双重感染的患者CD4+T细胞绝对值小于200个/μl有43例(占97.7%)。结论:HIV和HCMV双重感染的患者处于AIDS发病阶段,HCMV DNA与CD4+T细胞数量和机会性感染有相关性。     

HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗前CD4+T淋巴细胞计数自然变化与治疗后免疫恢复及死亡率的相关性

目的 探讨云南省玉溪市艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病病人（human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,HIV/AIDS）获得抗病毒治疗（antiretroviral therapy,ART）前CD4+T淋巴细胞（简称CD4）自然变化与ART后免疫恢复及死亡率的相关性。方法 将HIV/AIDS获得ART前CD4自然变化分为四组,描述不同组间ART后免疫恢复情况,应用非条件Logistic回归进行单因素和多因素分析HIV/AIDS病例ART后免疫无应答（immune non-responses,INRs）的相关因素,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制不同组间ART后生存曲线。结果 777例HIV/AIDS中ART前快速上升组、平缓上升组ART后CD4月均上升速率慢于ART前快速下降组,差异均具有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析发现:ART前CD4自然变化为上升（OR=2.416,95%CI:1.264~4.616,P=0.008;OR=1.997,95%CI:1.067~3.737,P=0.031）、基线CD4值>500 cell/μL（OR=6.550,95%CI:3.315~12.941,P<0.001）、ART时年龄≥ 50岁（OR=4.276,95%CI:1.761~10.3865,P=0.001）的病例ART后更容易出现INRs。ART前平缓上升组ART后累计生存率低于ART前平缓下降组和快速下降组（χ2=8.979,P=0.003;χ2=4.158,P=0.041）,在基线CD4值<200 cell/μl层,ART前平缓上升组在ART后累计生存率低于ART前平缓下降组和ART前快速下降组,差异均有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。结论 HIV/AIDS患者ART前CD4自然变化与ART后免疫恢复、INRs及死亡率存在一定关联。     

Evolution of CD4+ T-cell count among AIDS patients in socially unequal contexts

This study analyzed the evolution in CD4+ T-cell count in AIDS patients in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, who were on highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) at the Municipal Health Centers in the Maré neighborhood, located in a large slum area, and in Copacabana, located in the city's more affluent South Side. Immediately prior to HAART, the median CD4+ T-lymphocyte count was 181 cells/mm(3) in Maré and 182 cells/mm(3) in Copacabana. After 24 weeks of HAART, the median count reached 302 and 315/mm3 in the two health centers, respectively. Following HAART, individuals with AIDS in Maré had 2.8 times the odds of not presenting an immune response as compared to cases in Copacabana (95%CI: 1.1-7.2). Slum residents from Maré had 3.7 the odds of not presenting an immune response as compared to slum residents from Copacabana (95%CI: 1.2-11.5). Males from Maré had 4.4 the odds of not presenting an immune response as compared to those from Copacabana (95%CI: 1.1-18.2). The results suggest a worse prognosis and higher case-fatality for AIDS patients from slums, independently of access to HAART.     

河南省接受抗病毒治疗的艾滋病患者耐药性及CD4+T淋巴细胞计数影响因素的研究

目的 了解河南省艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)高效抗病毒疗法(HAART)后HIV-1基因耐药性及患者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的影响因素.方法 对河南省部分HIV/AIDS进行问卷调查,采集抗凝血,检测CD4+T淋巴细胞绝对计数、HIV-1病毒载量,用扩增/测序(In-House)法扩增HIV-pol区基因并测序,和斯坦福耐药数据库对比得到基因耐药结果 .结果 使用一、二代一线治疗方案的基因耐药率分别为32.21%和29.17%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.7538);治疗时间>2年的耐药率(33.20%)与<1年的耐药率(18.97%)之间的差异有统计学意义(P=0.0031).在多因素logistic回归模型分析中,年龄(OR=0.68)和领药间隔时间(OR=1.93)与耐药性的关系有统计学意义.在多因素logistic回归模型分析中,治疗方案(OR:0.51)、耐药(OR=3.20)和近1个月按时服药比例(OR=0.51)与抗病毒治疗CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的关系有统计学意义.结论 河南省部分HIV/AIDS出现基因耐药性,应加强在发药时间、机构或人员及医生询问服药情况等方面的管理.     

Using baseline CD4 cell count and plasma HIV RNA to guide the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Conflicting evidence regarding the impact of baseline plasma HIV RNA and CD4 cell count on survival after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-infected patients has resulted in wide variability in the expert recommendations regarding when to start therapy. Early initiation of HAART may result in avoidable toxicities and premature evolution of resistance, whereas delaying HAART may increase the risk of opportunistic infections and/or preclude a worse virological and clinical response to therapy. While there is widespread consensus that HAART can be delayed to a CD4 cell count of 0.350 x 10(9) cells/L, the range between this threshold and 0.200 x 10(9) cells/L remains controversial. Greater uncertainty surrounds the role of baseline plasma HIV RNA, with some guidelines recommending initiating HAART when this level rises above 55,000 c/mL regardless of baseline CD4 cell count. The following review examines the evidence in support of delaying the initiation of HAART to a CD4 cell count of 0.200 x 10(9) cells/L regardless of plasma HIV RNA levels and outlines supporting data from a Canadian prospective cohort study of antiretroviral naive patients treated with HAART.     

The relationship between beta-2-microglobulin,CD4 lymphocyte count,AIDS and death in HIV-positive individuals.

The relationship, in 539 individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), between two prognostic markers, the CD4 count and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), and the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death was investigated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the risk of AIDS or death. In a multivariate model which adjusted for demographic factors and treatment, the most recent measurements of B2M (relative hazard (RH) 1.37 per g/l higher) and CD4 count (RH 2.17 per log-unit lower) were both significantly associated with the development of AIDS. Similarly, in a multivariate model which additionally adjusted for the development of AIDS as a time dependent covariate, there was a strong relationship with risk of death for the most recent measurements of B2M (RH 1.34 per g/l higher), and CD4 lymphocyte count (RH 1.91 per log-unit lower). A difference in the level of B2M could be used among patients with similar CD4 counts as an indicator of increased risk of progression to AIDS or death. Using the most recent values of these markers provides a better estimate of the risk of AIDS or death, compared to the more common method of analysis, where baseline values of the markers are used.     

台州市HIV感染者和病人CD4^＋T淋巴细胞检测分析

目的:测定台州地区可追踪到的78例HIV感染者/病人的CD4 T淋巴细胞值,并估计HIV感染者/病人中进入艾滋病期的比例.方法:对采集的78份全血样本以三色荧光抗体进行标记,通过流式细胞仪进行CD4 和CD8 T淋巴细胞绝对值及CD4 /CD8 比值的检测,统计分析测定值,预估艾滋病患者所处的病程阶段.结果:按照国家2005年发布的<国家免费艾滋病抗病毒治疗手册>,台州市能随访到的78例HIV阳性感染者中,已有30.8%HIV感染者进入了发病期.结论:按照现在执行的<国家免费艾滋病抗病毒治疗手册>标准,台州市能随访到的HIV感染者已经进入发病高峰.     

铜仁地区HIV感染者/病人CD4+T淋巴细胞检测结果分析

目的:了解铜仁地区HIV感染者/病人的CD4+T淋巴细胞的免疫水平,为及时进行抗病毒治疗提供依据。方法:采用流式细胞仪(FACS Calibar)对559例HIV感染者/病人进行CD4+T淋巴细胞绝对值检测。结果:559例HIV感染者的CD+4T淋巴细胞均值为303.46±212.90个/μl,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数≤200个/μl的占33.09%,201~350个/μl的占30.23%,351~500个/μl的占21.47%,>500个/μl的占15.21%。不同性别、感染途径的HIV感染者CD4+T淋巴细胞均值的差异无统计学意义,不同年龄的HIV感染者CD4+T淋巴细胞均值的差异有统计学意义。结论:铜仁地区HIV感染者的CD4+T淋巴细胞免疫水平普遍偏低,大部分感染者已进入艾滋病中、晚期。     

Targeting antiretroviral therapy: lessons from a longitudinal study of morbidity and treatment in relation to CD4 count in Thailand

The aim of the study was to quantify the incidence of illness and treatment behaviour in relation to CD4 count, age, and gender among a cohort of persons living with HIV/AIDS in Thailand. 464 participants with a CD4 count between 50 and 550 cells/mm3 were followed up for 12 months. Multiple Poisson regression was used to model the adjusted incidence rate ratio of illness and care seeking at different levels. The incidence of morbidity and treatment pattern were significantly different among participants with different CD4 count, age and gender. For example, morbidity incidence was significantly higher among participants with CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm3, among female participants, and participants aged 35 years or over. Females made significantly higher use of hospital ambulatory care and private clinics than males and males made significantly more use of private pharmacies. The potential opportunity cost of not providing ART to these different groups can be estimated and used to inform further economic evaluation and policy decisions on whether to provide ART at all and which patient groups to prioritise.     

河南省2005-2008年艾滋病抗病毒治疗评估:患者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数和病毒载量分析

目的 为评估和预测河南省艾滋病抗病毒治疗状况,分析患者CD4+T淋巴细胞和病毒载量.方法 通过"河南省艾滋病检测实验室网络数据库"收集河南省艾滋病人群2009年CD4+T淋巴细胞计数和病毒载量检测结果及相关信息.对其中未治疗和2005-2008年加入一线抗病毒治疗人群(＞13岁)的检测结果构成比进行横断面研究.结果 在2009年上、下半年河南省未治疗的艾滋病人群中,CD4+T淋巴细胞检测＜200个/μl者均＞20%(χ2=2.059,P=0.151),200～350个/μl者的构成比则由上半年27.61%上升到下半年的29.41%(χ2=4.636,P=0.031),＞350个/μl者的构成比从上半年51.49%下降到下半年的48.60%(χ2=9.767,P=0.002).在未治疗的艾滋病人群中,病毒载量＞10 000 copy/ml和＞30 000 copy/ml者所占百分比分别为34.53%和19.65%.2005-2008年间加入一线抗病毒治疗的艾滋病人群中,治疗时间越长,CD4+T淋巴细胞＞350个/μl者的构成比越高(χ2=148.689,P＜0.001),＜200个/μl者的构成比则越低(χ2=46.686,P＜0.001);同时,病毒载量＜500 copy/ml者的构成比越低(χ2=9.066,P=0.003),＞10 000 copy/ml者的构成比则越高(χ2=6.597,P=0.010).结论 河南省多年来进行的艾滋病一线抗病毒治疗疗效显著,但随着治疗时间的增加,治疗失败的风险也逐渐加大,应及时进行耐药监测,更换治疗方案.同时应加强未治疗人群的检测,加大抗病毒治疗的投入并扩大纳入治疗的范围.     

The associations among coping, nadir CD4+ T-cell count, and non-HIV-related variables with health-related quality of life among an ambulatory HIV-positive patient population

Purpose

We investigated HRQoL among HIV-positive outpatients from October, 2006-December, 2007, incorporating medical chart review, and a survey of coping styles.

Methods

Consented HIV-positive patients receiving medical care at University of Colorado Denver, with HAART as first antiretroviral regimen, completed the MOS-HIV and Brief COPE survey instruments. Linear regression identified a priori factors hypothesized to be associated with the MOS-HIV composite mental and physical health scores (MHS, PHS). Brief COPE survey maladaptive and adaptive coping components were added to the models and retained if significant.

Results

Among the 157 patient cohort, parsimonious multivariable linear regression models (P?Conclusions Factors independently associated with lower MHS and lower PHS include lower nadir CD4+ T-cell counts, and use of maladaptive coping. Efforts to reduce use of maladaptive coping strategies and earlier identification and treatment of HIV may improve HRQoL in HIV-positive patients.     

河南省2005-2008年艾滋病抗病毒治疗评估:患者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数和病毒载量分析

目的 为评估和预测河南省艾滋病抗病毒治疗状况,分析患者CD4+T淋巴细胞和病毒载量.方法 通过"河南省艾滋病检测实验室网络数据库"收集河南省艾滋病人群2009年CD4+T淋巴细胞计数和病毒载量检测结果及相关信息.对其中未治疗和2005-2008年加入一线抗病毒治疗人群(＞13岁)的检测结果构成比进行横断面研究.结果 在2009年上、下半年河南省未治疗的艾滋病人群中,CD4+T淋巴细胞检测＜200个/μl者均＞20%(χ2=2.059,P=0.151),200～350个/μl者的构成比则由上半年27.61%上升到下半年的29.41%(χ2=4.636,P=0.031),＞350个/μl者的构成比从上半年51.49%下降到下半年的48.60%(χ2=9.767,P=0.002).在未治疗的艾滋病人群中,病毒载量＞10 000 copy/ml和＞30 000 copy/ml者所占百分比分别为34.53%和19.65%.2005-2008年间加入一线抗病毒治疗的艾滋病人群中,治疗时间越长,CD4+T淋巴细胞＞350个/μl者的构成比越高(χ2=148.689,P＜0.001),＜200个/μl者的构成比则越低(χ2=46.686,P＜0.001);同时,病毒载量＜500 copy/ml者的构成比越低(χ2=9.066,P=0.003),＞10 000 copy/ml者的构成比则越高(χ2=6.597,P=0.010).结论 河南省多年来进行的艾滋病一线抗病毒治疗疗效显著,但随着治疗时间的增加,治疗失败的风险也逐渐加大,应及时进行耐药监测,更换治疗方案.同时应加强未治疗人群的检测,加大抗病毒治疗的投入并扩大纳入治疗的范围.     

CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T淋巴细胞抑制耐药肺结核患者机体细胞免疫研究

目的了解耐药肺结核患者外周血中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T淋巴细胞及其分泌的细胞因子转化生长因子β1（TGF β1）、白细胞介素-10（IL 10）的表达水平与非耐药肺结核患者和健康对照者的差异,并探讨其在抑制特异细胞免疫反应中的作用。方法应用流式细胞技术分别对30例健康成人（健康对照组）、39例非耐药肺结核患者（普通肺结核组）及35例耐药肺结核患者（耐药肺结核组）的外周血CD4+CD25+T淋巴细胞和CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T淋巴细胞表达水平进行检测;采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测不同组别人群外周血血清中TGF β1、IL 10水平。结果健康对照组成人外周血中CD4+CD25+T淋巴细胞和CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T淋巴细胞分别占CD4+细胞总数的(17.09±5.43)%和(0.78±0.88)%;普通肺结核组外周血中上述两种细胞分别占CD4+细胞总数的(22.12±3.43)%和(2.79±1.65)%;耐药肺结核组外周血上述两种细胞分别占CD4+细胞总数的(24.01±5.65)%和(4.51±1.47)%。耐药肺结核组外周血中CD4+CD25+T淋巴细胞所占CD4+T淋巴细胞的比例较普通肺结核组高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);耐药肺结核组CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T淋巴细胞的比例明显高于健康对照组及普通肺结核组 (P＜0.05),并且耐药肺结核组TGF β1［（4.15±1.39）ρ/ng·L-1］、IL 10［（872.17±269.75）μg/L］明显高于普通肺结核组［分别为（3.03±1.42）ρ/ng·L-1、（266.83±57.09）μg/L］和健康对照组［分别为（2.12±0.77）ρ/ng·L-1、（105.21±23.56）μg/L］ (P＜0.05)。结论CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T淋巴细胞可能削弱结核病患者机体免疫系统对感染结核分枝杆菌的清除作用,是导致结核病感染慢性化且出现耐药的原因之一; TGF β1、IL 10可能参与抑制机体细胞免疫,与耐药结核病的形成和严重程度有一定相关性。     

CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞对狼疮样小鼠的干预性研究

目的分析CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Tregs)对狼疮样小鼠的干预效应,为系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)的免疫干预提供新的思路。方法采用磁活性标记的细胞分选方法(magnetic activated cell sorting,MACS)分选BALB/c小鼠CD4+CD25+T细胞,应用流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)检测分选细胞纯度。将6~8w♀CB6F1小鼠随机分为3组,包括正常对照组、狼疮鼠模型组(亲代淋巴细胞免疫)、狼疮鼠干预组(亲代淋巴细胞免疫后2w,输入5×106Tregs/鼠)。分别于诱导后2、4、8、12w,采用ELISA法检测ANA和抗-dsD-NA抗体,并观察肾标本的病理学改变。结果BALB/c小鼠脾脏单个核细胞经MACS分选后,CD4+CD25+T细胞纯度达98.5%。经亲代淋巴细胞输注后,CB6F1小鼠出现体重降低、皮肤干涩;ANA和抗ds-DNA抗体上升;以及狼疮肾炎的病理学改变。而输入Tregs对已出现自身抗体的狼疮鼠有明显的逆转效应,CB6F1小鼠于输注后抗-dsDNA即...