Comparison of the osteoconductive properties of three particulate bone fillers in a rabbit model: Allograft,calcium carbonate (Biocoral®) and S53P4 bioactive glass

Abstract

Aim. The aim of this study was to compare the osteoconductivity and suitability of three biomaterials used as particulate fillers; S53P4 bioactive glass, allogeneic fresh frozen bone and coral-derived calcium carbonate. Materials and methods. Materials were implanted into drill-holes in the femoral condyles of adult rabbits. Follow-ups were performed at 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Host–response, osteoconductivity, bonding and filler-effect were evaluated by SEM, EDXA and histology and histomorphometry to evaluate. Results. All three materials were found to be biocompatible and osteoconductive. Defects filled with allograft seemed to have more bone at 24 weeks, although no statistically significant difference in new bone growth was found. In earlier time points, coral, however, was observed to degrade more quickly, leaving more empty space in the defects, thus making it a less suitable filler for cavitary defects. Conclusion. At all time points there was less filler material (i.e. biomaterial and new bone) in coral-filled defects than in BAG or allograft filled defects (p < 0.05).     

Evaluation of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) versus calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal(®) ) in the formation of a dentine bridge: a randomised controlled trial

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) used as an indirect pulp‐capping material in human molar and premolar teeth. Methodology: We conducted a clinical evaluation of 60 teeth, which underwent an indirect pulp‐capping procedure with either MTA or calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal^®). Calcium hydroxide was compared with MTA and the thickness of the newly formed dentine was measured at regular time intervals. The follow‐up was at 3 and 6 months, and dentine formation was monitored by radiological measurements on digitised images using Mesurim Pro^® software. Results: At 3 months, the clinical success rates of MTA and calcium hydroxide were 93% and 73%, respectively (P = 0.02). At 6 months, the success rate was 89.6% with MTA, and remained steady at 73% with calcium hydroxide (P = 0.63). The mean initial residual dentine thickness was 0.23 mm, and increased by 0.121 mm with MTA and by 0.136 mm with calcium hydroxide at 3 months. At 6 months, there was an increase of 0.235 mm with MTA and of 0.221 mm with calcium hydroxide. Conclusions: A higher success rate was observed in the MTA group relative to the Dycal^® group after 3 months, which was statistically significant. After 6 months, no statistically significant difference was found in the dentine thickness between the two groups. Additional histological investigations are needed to support these findings.     

Ca(OH)2 apexification of pulp necroses of the permanent incisors in a case of X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets—the 60-month check-up: A case report

X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets is a hereditary metabolic disorder. The dental features include abscesses and swelling without caries or trauma. We present a case of familial hypophosphataemic rickets in an 11-year-old boy followed up for 60 months. We describe the treatment of multiple pulp necroses with apical periodontitis. Multiple pulp necroses with apical periodontitis were diagnosed in the anterior teeth. Ca(OH)₂ apexification was performed; healing was evident over the next 60 months. The incisors, canines, and premolars exhibited shortened roots. To prevent pulp necrosis, regular check-ups included applications of fissure sealant and fluoride, vital testing, and radiography. The canines and premolar pulps retained vitality. Ca(OH)₂ apexification followed by preventative follow-up was successful. The prognosis at the 60-month check-up was good.     

Effect of the application of a casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP) paste and adhesive systems on bond durability of a fissure sealant

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the previous application of a casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate paste (MI Paste, MI) and adhesive systems on the bond durability of a fissure sealant. Ninety-eight enamel blocks were obtained from proximal surfaces of erupted third molars. Specimens were divided into 14 groups (n = 7) according to the previous application of MI (with and without) and the adhesive systems used (no adhesive system; hydrophobic resin of a three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system; etch-and-rinse single-bottle adhesive system; all-in-one adhesive system; two-step self-etching adhesive system; additional phosphoric acid conditioning and all-in-one adhesive system; additional phosphoric acid conditioning and two-step self-etching adhesive system). A fissure sealant (Fluroshield) was applied and photoactivated for 20 s. Beams (~0.7 mm²) were prepared for the microtensile bond strength test, which was executed after 24 h or 6 months of water storage. Fractured specimens were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with repeated measures/Tukey’s test (P < 0.05). Groups that received MI application and adhesive systems presented higher means than those groups where MI was not applied. Higher frequency of cohesive failures was observed for groups with MI. Applying a CPP–ACP containing paste on enamel before adhesive systems was an effective method to increase bond durability of the sealant tested.     

Effects of fast- and slow-setting calcium silicate–based root-end filling materials on the outcome of endodontic microsurgery: a retrospective study up to 6 years

Clinical Oral Investigations - The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate and compare the effects of fast- and slow-setting calcium silicate–based materials (CSMs) used for...     

Is a calcium hydroxide liner necessary in the treatment of deep caries lesions? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate whether the use of calcium hydroxide (CH) liner improves the clinical success in the treatment of deep caries lesions of primary and permanent teeth. The review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. Only studies that evaluated deep carious lesions treated with and without a CH liner were included. The required outcomes had to be obtained by clinical, radiographic or laboratory evaluations. Statistical analyses were performed with the RevMan 5.2 program (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) for randomized clinical trials with at least 12 months of follow‐up, using fixed‐effect models at a significance level of P < 0.05. The literature search was performed in eight databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), Lilacs, IBECS, BBO, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO and The Cochrane Library. A total of 17 studies were included (15 in primary teeth, two in permanent teeth). The overall risk difference for CH versus adhesive system in primary teeth was 0.06 [95% CI ?0.01 to 0.13], and the overall risk difference for CH versus GIC was 0.10 [95% CI ?0.01 to 0.22], with no significant differences between materials. CH liner did not influence the clinical success of treatment for deep caries lesions of primary or permanent teeth. Although the present analysis demonstrated that use of CH liner in deep caries lesions was unnecessary, the evidence was of moderate to very low quality; thus, further well‐designed, randomized and controlled clinical trials are necessary to provide stronger recommendations.     

Root fillings with a matched-taper single cone and two calcium silicate–based sealers: an analysis of voids using micro-computed tomography

Clinical Oral Investigations - To compare the percentage of voids in matched-taper single-cone fillings with GuttaFlow Bioseal or BioRoot RCS root canal sealers, using micro-computed tomography....     

Polydioxanone (PDS®): A new material for internal suspension and fixation

The use of the resorbable material Polydioxanone (PDS®) as an alternative to stainless steel wire in the suspension and fixation of facial fractures and osteotomies is described. Evidence of the material's persistent strength in use is presented with a discussion of its advantages over stainless steel.     

Multiple macrodonts with odontoma in a mother and son—a variant of Ekman-Westborg-Julin syndrome: Report of a case

A case of multiple macrodonts with a complex odontoma in a mother and son is reported. This condition is thought to represent a variant of the Ekman-Westborg-Julin syndrome. The authors discuss the relationship between macrodontia and odontoma, and the involvement of hereditary factors is suggested.     

Mastication and oral sensory function in frail edentulous elderly: a case–control study

Objective: To evaluate the maximum bite force (MBF), masticatory performance and oral sensory function (OSF) of frail edentulous elderly. The correlation of MBF with maximum grip strength (MGS) was also assessed. Methods: Twenty edentulous elderly [10 with and 10 without the frailty phenotype (FP)] were selected to participate in this case–control study. The FP was diagnosed using the criteria of Fried et al., which consider weight loss, exhaustion, physical activity level, weakness and slowness to the evaluation. All volunteers received new complete dentures (CDs) to standardise the occlusal status, and after 2 months of use with no complaint, all variables were assessed. MBF was measured by pressure sensors positioned bilaterally on the first artificial molars. Masticatory performance was assessed using the sieving method and was expressed as the median particle size (X₅₀) of Optocal after 40 masticatory cycles. OSF was evaluated using the oral stereognosis test, and MGS was measured using a dynamometer. Groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. The Pearson coefficient of correlation between MBF and MGS was calculated. Results: Frail elderly people showed reduced MBF (P = 0.0431) and larger X₅₀ values (P = 0.0053) than did non-frail elders, while OSF did not differ between the groups. MBF had a moderate positive correlation with MGS (r = 0.690, P = 0.003). Conclusions: Frail elderly had reduced MBF and impaired mastication. On the other hand, OSF does not seem to be affected by frailty. MBF was moderately correlated with MGS.     

Formation of a nickel hydroxide monolayer on Au through a self-assembled monolayer of 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid): voltammetric,SERS and XPS investigations of the modified electrodes

The formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid), DNBA on gold has enabled further derivatization of the electrode surface with functional moieties anchored to the surface bound molecules. A SAM of DNBA was formed on the Au surface. Nickel ions tethered to the SAM-covered Au surface, were subsequently derivatized electrochemically to yield nickel hydroxide overlayers, thereby showing the possibility of preparing ultra-thin films of metal oxides through solution chemistry. The nickel hydroxide surface coverage obtained on bare and SAM-covered electrodes was estimated from voltammetric peaks and it varied from one monolayer to about 300 monolayers. The formation of a monolayer of nickel hydroxide has been achieved for the first time by electrochemical modification. Further, the modified electrodes were subjected to SERS and XPS studies to understand their surface characteristics. Modified electrodes provide a catalytic pathway involving nickel hydroxide for the electro-oxidation of glucose in alkaline solutions.