纸张底色色调和饱和度对远视力的影响

目的探讨纸张底色饱和度、色调对人眼远视力的影响，为制定学生簿本用纸卫生标准提供依据。方法根据色度测定结果对纸张进行分组，选取9～10岁学生30名，用复制于18种底色纸张的远视力表测定右眼远视力。结果高、中等饱和度组，各色调普遍使远视力降低；低饱和度（浅色）组，色调偏低的使远视力有所下降。黄色色调，不论饱和度高低，对远视力的影响差别无统计学意义；青色色调组，高饱和度明显降低远视力，中等饱和度对远视力无影响；色调更高的紫红色，高、中等饱和度均明显降低远视力。结论饱和度高会对远视力产生不利影响；色调上，类似于视见函数曲线，靠近可见光波长范围两侧时，对远视力不利的影响增大。黄纸（包括深黄）与白纸均提供了较高的远视力，而深绿、中绿纸张以及宣纸均明显降低了远视力。     

不同色纸上蓝色和黑色视标对远视力影响

目的 探讨多种颜色纸张背景下，蓝色与黑色视标对远视力的不同影响。方法用蓝、黑墨分别复制标准E字形视标于18种不同底色纸张上。测定30名9～10岁学生的右眼远视力。结果蓝墨比黑墨使远视力普遍下降，下降幅度由高到低依次为：深绿（t=4．829，P=0．000）、深黄、宣纸、深青、浅红紫、中橙红、中绿、中绿黄、淡黄、浅黄、浅红橙、浅青（t=2．192）、白纸（t=1．651）、深紫红、浅橙红、中紫红、中橙、深黄橙。其中，前12种差异有统计学意义。后6种差异无统计学意义。结论印于以反射中波段可见光为主的各种底色纸张（绿、黄色）。蓝景比黑墨视标使远视力下降明显，且高饱和度（深色）色纸比低饱和度的下降更明显；而印于色调靠近长波端和短波端的色纸，蓝墨与黑墨的差异无统计学意义。     

红点黄本对城市郊区小学生远视力保护效果的追踪观察

国内外有一些关于纸张底色与近视关联的研究旨在反思纸张漂白对于视功能的影响。在医学范畴内，国外的研究较为有限，且仅限于理论上的探讨，认为不同色纸所提供的调节刺激量不同。而国内汪凯林等以对比视力等为指标证实使用黄色纸张比使用白纸时出现眼疲劳症状的人相对较少且症状较轻；唐文丽等采用屈光度为长期观察指标，进一步证实了黄纸的防近作用；陆章萍等证实绿色纸张优于白纸；时粉周等甚至认为绿纸优于黄纸。     

阴道镜下宫颈组织活检术患者的舒适护理

目的宫颈疾病患者更舒适、安全的接受阴道宫颈组织活检术。方法对照组采用传统方法，观察组于活检术前、中、后运用舒适护理。效果评价为感觉良好为舒适，感觉基本舒服为“基本舒适”，感觉不舒服为“不舒适”。结果观察组舒适率为82．0％，满意度为88．0％，不舒适率为0，不满意度为0，对照组舒适率为59．0％，满意度为52．0％，不舒适率为30．0％，不满意度为8．0％。结论舒适护理有利于阴道镜宫颈组织活检术的顺利进行，降低操作中的并发症，获取满意的活检效果。改善了患者心理和生理上的不适，改善了医患关系，提高了病人的满意度。     

不同色度纸张对荧光灯和白炽灯反射的光谱对比

目的比较不同色度纸张对荧光灯、白炽灯与自然光等的反射光谱成分,为制订相关卫生标准提供依据。方法深、浅色纸张2组,各采用不同色调纸张7种,测定其在白炽灯、荧光灯、白炽灯+荧光灯、自然光和(457±2)nm蓝光等光照条件下14种纸张的反射系数。结果自然光的反射系数高于白炽灯,深、浅色组平均分别高33.0%和36.3%;自然光的反射系数更高于荧光灯,深、浅色组平均分别高56.2%和41.3%。照射在以反射长波光为主的深橙色纸张(H=14)时,白炽灯的反射系数比荧光灯高88.4%。结论白炽灯和荧光灯之间光谱成分有明显差异,且两者都不能完全模拟自然光。     

新型笑气鼻罩在口腔舒适麻醉治疗中的应用效果评价

目的 分析口腔舒适麻醉治疗中应用笑气鼻罩的效果。方法 选取2020年4月-2021年4月本医院笑气口腔舒适麻醉治疗患者80例进行分析,采用双盲法将其分为两组,每组40例,考察组均采取新型笑气鼻罩麻醉,常态组采取传统笑气鼻罩麻醉,分析比对两组不同时间段的呼吸循环指标(心率、平均动脉压、血氧饱和度、呼吸频率)、鼻罩舒适度评分、医生操作满意度评分、笑气最低有效浓度。结果 考察组鼻罩舒适度评分、医生操作满意度评分与常态组对比更高,考察组笑气最低有效浓度比常态组低,存在指标优势(P<0.05);术前,考察组呼吸循环指标中心率、平均动脉压、血氧饱和度、呼吸频率与常态组比较,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05);术中及术后,考察组心率、平均动脉压、血氧饱和度、呼吸频率相比常态组指标具备优势(P<0.05)。结论 口腔治疗中为患者应用新型笑气鼻罩可实现舒适麻醉,能够提高患者整体麻醉效果,提高患者满意度,减轻疼痛。     

手术室护理不同体位摆放配合肛肠手术的效果

目的 分析手术室护理不同体位摆放配合肛肠手术的效果，提高患者舒适度。方法 选取福建省宁德市霞浦县总医院2020年3月—2022年3月116例接受肛肠手术治疗的患者作为观察对象，随机分为参照组（采用俯卧位体位摆放手术室护理）和研究组（采用侧卧位体位摆放手术室护理）各58例。比较两组舒适率、护理满意率、体征变化及心理状态评分。结果 研究组总舒适率为98.28%，高于参照组的86.21%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组护理总满意率为100.00%，术中配合依从率为96.55%，高于参照组的91.38%、84.48%，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组呼吸、血氧饱和度、动脉压、心率等体征优于参照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。护理前，两组SAS、SDS评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；护理后，两组SAS、SDS评分均低于护理前，且研究组低于参照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 采用侧卧位体位摆放在肛肠手术应用效果优于俯卧位体位摆放，可有效减轻患者痛苦，提高舒适度，缓解疼痛，改善患者负面情绪，减轻机体应激反应，稳定体征...     

北京市某高校座椅舒适度的调查

目的了解北京市某高校座椅舒适度情况,减少因座椅不适给学生造成的疲劳,提高学习质量。方法选取某高校大学生男和女生各5名做被试,进行试验。试验先让被试分别使用3种不同的座椅学习45 min后填写舒适度主观评价表,然后使用SPSS 16.0进行统计分析。结果对于同一类座椅不同性别对适合度和舒适度评价得分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;无论女生和男生组,还是整体上看,座椅3与座椅2和4的适合度和舒适度评价得分比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;3种类型座椅适合度和舒适度得分均不高。结论高校座椅舒适度不容乐观,应采取措施改善座椅的舒适情况,以有利于大学生的身体健康。     

影响阴道灌洗患者舒适度的相关因素及护理对策

目的研究影响阴道灌洗患者舒适度的相关因素及护理对策。方法选取我院2015年1月至2015年12月收治的298例阴道灌洗患者,随机平均分为两组。对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组实施根据影响舒适度的相关因素提出的舒适护理对策。比较两组患者的阴道灌洗舒适度。结果对阴道灌洗患者舒适度影响较大(>30%)的相关因素为窥阴器转动时疼痛、窥阴器表面温度过低、治疗室温度过低、灌洗后未得到休息、因生殖器官暴露产生害羞等不适感、对阴道灌洗过程不了解而产生恐惧以及家属不了解灌洗过程及相关知识,上述因素所占比例均明显高于其他因素(P<0.05)。观察组的舒适度明显优于对照组,舒适度评分明显低于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论根据相关因素针对性实施舒适护理干预可有效提高阴道灌洗患者的舒适度。     

经鼻高流量氧疗流速对急性呼吸衰竭患者呼吸频率和呼吸窘迫及舒适度的影响

目的 探讨经鼻高流量氧疗流速对急性呼吸衰竭患者呼吸频率、呼吸窘迫及舒适度的影响。方法 选取2022年1—12月医院收治的76例急性呼吸衰竭患者进行研究，所有患者实施经鼻高流量氧疗，根据流速不同将其分为低流速组（30 L/min）与高流速组（50 L/min），每组38例。比较两组呼吸频率、呼吸窘迫程度及舒适度。结果 治疗1 h后，两组呼吸频率较治疗前均下降，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），且高流速组低于低流速组（P<0.05），差异有统计学意义；治疗2、6、24 h两组组内呼吸频率比较持续降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），两组组间比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；治疗后各时间点组间比较低流速组呼吸窘迫程度均低于高流速组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；组内比较低流速组呼吸窘迫程度总体呈先下降趋势，高流速组呼吸窘迫程度总体呈下降后上升趋势；治疗前及治疗1 h时两组组间舒适度比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；治疗2、6、24 h两组组间舒适度比较，低流速组均低于高流速组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；组内比较，低流速组舒适...     

补充富含类胡萝卜素的蔬菜对儿童维生素A营养状况的影响

于１９９６年９月～１２月在山东省泰安市某幼儿园的两个班使用富含类胡萝卜素的蔬菜进行了干预试验。所选择两个班４１名儿童的平均年龄为５．３～６．５岁,其中３９％的儿童血清视黄醇低于０．３０ｍｇ／Ｌ,处于边缘缺乏状态。分为２个组：对照组,不改变日常膳食,平均每日每人摄入１９３ｇ浅色蔬菜（圆白菜、大白菜、土豆、黄瓜、菜花和白萝卜等）和５６ｇ黄绿色蔬菜（菠菜、空心菜、胡萝卜和红心红薯等）;试验组,平均每日每人摄入２３８ｇ黄绿色蔬菜和３４ｇ浅色蔬菜。结果表明膳食中黄绿色蔬菜对改善学龄前儿童的维生素Ａ营养有重要影响,且安全、廉价。     

Ascorbic Acid and Provitamin A Contents in Unusually Colored Bell Peppers (Capsicum annuumL.)

Most bell pepper fruits are green at the unripe stages, and they become red as they ripen. However, the fruits of new varieties may be white, yellow, orange, red, purple, brown, or black. Ascorbic acid, provitamin A carotenoids, proximate composition, and 11 mineral elements were evaluated in these unusually colored bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Over a 2-year period, peppers were grown at the same location following current recommendations for bell pepper production. The fruits were harvested at the unripe and fully colored stages. For each variety, total ascorbic acid and provitamin A contents were determined on two independent samples by microfluorometry and HPLC, respectively. Minerals and proximate composition were determined by AOAC methods. Ascorbic acid (P< 0.001), provitamin A (P< 0.001), protein (P< 0.001), and some minerals (P< 0.001) were affected by genotypes and color stages (R²= 0.96), but fat or moisture was not (P> 0.05). Ascorbic acid increased as color developed in some cultivars, but remained unchanged or decreased in others. Black, purple, and white peppers contained lower ascorbic acid levels compared to the green, yellow, red, brown, or orange peppers. Provitamin A increased as color developed in most cultivars except for yellow varieties. Brown peppers had the highest provitamin A activity compared to other colored peppers.     

Use of an artificial bromeliad to show the importance of color value in restricting colonization of bromeliads by Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus

An artificial bromeliad was developed which, painted and containing an infusion water, elicited ovipositional response by caged adult Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Wyeomyia vanduzeei and Wy. mitchellii. Comparison was made of the ovipositional response of adults of the four mosquito species to artificial bromeliads painted black, white, dark green and deep blue. Adult Ae, aegypti and Wy. vanduzeei did not discriminate significantly between white, dark green and deep blue, but whereas Ae. aegypti showed a preference for black, Wy. vanduzeei showed an aversion to black. Adult Wy. mitchelli responded similarly to Wy. vanduzeei except that although deep blue was preferred to black, it elicited a significantly weaker response than did dark green and white. Adult Cx. quinquefasciatus responded similarly to Ae. aegypti but did not show a significant preference for black over dark green. The high color value (i.e., lightness) of natural bromeliad leaves is likely to deter oviposition by adult Ae. aegypti and Cx quinquefasciatus in favor of competing oviposition sites of lower color value.     

Computer display color combinations and symbols that provide the optimum visual working capacity of an operator

While working with displays, a combination of white and yellow objects against the black, dark grey, and blue backgrounds was found to be the best in visibility. When the objects were observed against the pale grey and green backgrounds of a display, eye functional changes were minimal, which causes the authors to recommend them as the optimum backgrounds. To reduce visual fatigability when a person works on a computer requires to alternate backgrounds by using white and yellow objects against the black and blue backgrounds for short-term emergency transmissions and green and pale grey backgrounds for presenting continuous current information.     

三种色稻不同品种的米糠和精米中六种矿物元素含量的研究

目的:研究三种色稻(白米、红米、黑米)的不同品种中米糠和精米的六种矿物元素含量。方法:选择36个品种,采用原子荧光分光光度计和原子吸收分光光度计,分别测定米糠和精米中Se、Zn、Fe、Ca、Mn、Cu等6个矿物元素的含量。结果:1.米糠中六个矿物元素的含量分别为精米中含量的2.58、3.35、10.04、4.58、12.79、6.59倍。2.黑米的精米中Ca的含量显著高于白米和红米的精米,白米的米糠中Mn的含量显著高于黑米和红米的米糠;其它矿物元素在三种色稻中没有显著性差异。3.每一种矿物元素在不同品种间的米糠和精米中的含量均差异很大。结论:6种元素在三种色稻所有品种的米糠中的总平均含量比精米的高5.66倍。本研究筛选出富含不同矿物元素的8个品种,可供生产与消费利用。     

Classification of fruits and vegetables

Classifications for fruits and vegetables are most helpful for dietary assessment and guidance if they are based on the composition of these foods. This work determined whether levels of food components in fruits and vegetables correlated with classification criteria based on botanic family, color, part of plant, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). A database of 104 commonly consumed fruits and vegetables was created that contained food components known to be provided primarily by these foods. A mathematical clustering algorithm was used to group the foods into homogeneous clusters based on food component levels and the classification criteria. Most useful in categorizing were the botanic families rose, rue (citrus), amaryllis, goosefoot, and legume; color groupings blue/black, dark green/green, orange/peach, and red/purple; and plant parts fruit-berry, seeds or pods, and leaves. Groupings based on TAC levels did not match well with the identified clusters. Clusters were often best defined by a combination of classification variables such as color and part of plant. Results suggest that the groupings dark green leafy vegetables; cabbage family vegetables; lettuces; allium family bulbs; legumes; deep orange/yellow fruits, roots, and tubers; citrus family fruits; tomatoes and other red vegetables and fruits; and red/purple/blue berries are predictive for food components provided by fruits and vegetables.     

96名听障学生颜色偏好的研究

目的了解听障学生颜色偏好的一般特点,为创设能适应听障学生颜色偏好特点的环境和提供有效促进其发展的材料提供依据。方法自制2组颜色图片卡,用对偶比较法对96名10～23岁听障学生进行了9种颜色的偏好研究。结果 (1)听障学生对颜色的喜好顺序依次是蓝、白、黄、黑、绿、红、橙、紫、灰。(2)男女听障学生在黄、灰2种颜色偏好上差异有统计学意义。(3)不同年龄、不同年级的听障学生对颜色的偏好上差异有统计学意义。结论了解听障学生颜色爱好的一般特点在理论和实践中都具有一定的意义。     

Selected questionnaire size and color combinations were significantly related to mailed survey response rates

OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree to which mailed survey response rates, response times, and nonresponse bias are affected by questionnaire size and color. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 2,000 Mayo Clinic patients in one of four size/color "test" groups. One thousand three hundred nine surveys were completed, approximately two-thirds in each group. RESULTS: A small (6 (1/8) x 8 (1/4) in) questionnaire booklet on white paper had a higher response rate (68.4%) than a similarly sized questionnaire on blue paper (62.3%). A large (8 (1/4) x 11 in) questionnaire on white paper had a 62.7% rate, whereas a large, blue questionnaire had a response rate of 68.6%. Median response times did not differ by questionnaire size/color. No evidence of differential nonresponse bias was observed across the four test groups. CONCLUSION: This study supports the use of a small/white questionnaire format advocated by the Total Design Method advanced by Don Dillman at Washington State University. We observed a favorable response rate for a large questionnaire printed on blue paper; however, if time and resources are limited, use of a small/white questionnaire appears preferable.