HPLC法同时测定栀子金花丸中黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素和汉黄芩素

目的 建立栀子金花丸中黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素和汉黄芩素的HPLC同时测定方法.方法 色谱柱:Dikma Diamonsil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-0.1％磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;变波长测定.结果 黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素的线性范围分别为0.418～4.18 μg,02～2 μg,0.233～2.33 μg,0.215～2.15 μg,线性相关系数均达0.999以上.平均回收率分别为98.40％ (RSD=0.46％),98.66％ (RSD=1.43％),98.89％ (RSD=1.49％),98.98％(RSD=1.45％).结论 该方法快速、简便、准确、具有良好的重复性和回收率,可作为栀子金花丸中这4种成分的含量测定方法.     

高效液相色谱法测定克感利咽口服液中栀子苷、黄芩苷的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定克感利咽口服液中栀子苷、黄芩苷的含量。方法菲罗门LunaC18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),菲罗门C18保护柱(4.0×3.0mm),流动相:(A)乙腈-(B)0.2%磷酸,洗脱梯度:0～40min,A为10%～60%,B为90%～40%,流速:1.0ml/min;检测波长238nm,柱温为室温。结果栀子苷在0.0996～1.3280?g范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为97.25%,RSD为1.35%;黄芩苷在0.5364～7.1520μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为98.08%,RSD为1.11%。结论本法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,可作为克感利咽口服液的质量控制标准。     

高效液相色谱检测转基因生菜中白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷的研究

目的 建立快速检测转基因生菜中白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷的高效液相色谱法. 方法 采用Agilent-ZORBAXSB-C18 5 μm 4.6×250 mm色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-水(45+55),流速1.0 ml/min,波长303 nm. 结果 线性关系良好,白藜芦醇r=0.9999,回收率86.0%～97.8%,变异系数6.6%,最低检出量0.0113 μg;白藜芦醇苷r=0.9991,回收率81.6%～95.6%,变异系数7.0%,最低检出量0.0159 μg. 结论 以高效液相色谱检测转基因生菜中白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷,操作办便、快速、准确度高.     

HPLC测定曲克芦丁葡萄糖注射液中5-羟甲基糠醛的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定曲克芦丁葡萄糖注射液中5-羟甲基糠醛的含量.方法色谱柱为Kromasil ODS-2(250 mm×4.6mm,5 μm)柱,流动相为0.1%枸橼酸溶液乙腈四氢呋喃(8512.56),流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长284 nm,用外标法定量.结果线性范围0.879～1.758 μg/ml,r=0.9997,平均回收率为98.6%,RSD=1.89%(n=9).结论所用方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于曲克芦丁葡萄糖注射液中降解产物5-羟甲基糠醛的检测.     

金刚藤分散片中薯蓣皂苷元HPLC法测定研究

目的 建立金刚藤分散片中薯蓣皂苷元的测定方法.方法 采用HPLC测定薯蓣皂苷元的含量,色谱柱为ODS-C18（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）不锈钢柱（Merck公司）,以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,流动相为乙腈-水（90：10）,流速为1 ml/min;柱温为35 ℃;检测波长为203 nm.结果 薯蓣皂苷元在40～360 μg/ml浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系（r=0.9996,n=5）,平均回收率为100.00%,RSD%=1.08（n=6）.结论 HPLC法简单、准确、重复性好,可用于金刚藤分散片的含量测定.     

高效液相色谱法测定抗宫炎片中有效成分盐酸水苏碱的含量

目的 建立抗宫炎片中有效成分盐酸水苏碱含量的高效液相色谱测定方法.方法 采用Lichrospher5-NH2 (4.6mm×250 mm)色谱柱,流动相选择乙腈∶水=87∶13,柱温:28℃,流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为192 nm.结果盐酸水苏碱在2.748～12.826 μg范围内峰面积与其浓度线性关系良好,线性关系方程为:Y=1.2697x+6.2415,r=0.9996(n=5),平均回收率为98.47％,RSD值=1.64％(n=5).结论 采用高效液相色谱法测定抗宫炎片中盐酸水苏碱的含量,其方法简单可行,可重复性好,结果准确可靠,是一种值得借鉴的含量测定方法.     

超高效液相色谱测定前列安通片中的芍药苷含量

目的:采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)建立前列安通片中芍药苷的检测方法。方法:采用ACQUITY UPLCTMBEHC18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水-醋酸(15:85:0.15)为流动相,流速为0.2 ml/min,检测波长230 nm,芍药苷的保留时间为2.24 min。结果:实验表明,芍药苷浓度在5~100μg/ml范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9998),平均回收率为98.0%(n=6)。结论:本方法快速、简单,分离度和灵敏度高,可用于对前列安通片中芍药苷的快速测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定黄龙胶囊中4种成分的含量

目的 建立同时测定黄龙胶囊中4种蒽醌成分含量的方法,提高已有标准.方法 采用Aglient XDB C18柱（250 mm× 4.6 mm,5 μm） , 甲醇-0.05%磷酸（86：14）为流动相,流速：1.0 ml/min,柱温：35 ℃,检测波长：254 nm.结果 芦荟大黄素在16.28～162.8μg/ml（r=0.9994）,大黄酸在10.25～102.5 μg/ml（r=0.9997）,大黄素在10.89～108.9 μg/ml（r=0.9996）,大黄酚在14.95～149.5 μg/ml（r=0.9999）线性良好;平均回收率分别为98.9%（RSD=0.67%）、99.3%（RSD=1.56%）、101.5%（RSD=2.53%）、100.9%（RSD=0.40%）.结论 该方法简便、可靠、准确,可用于黄龙胶囊的质量控制     

HPLC法测定排石利胆片中芍药苷的含量

目的:通过HPLC方法测定排石利胆片中芍药苷的含量。方法:选择Hypersil CN(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相:乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(20:80),检测波长:230nm,进样量10μl,1.0m L/min流速,柱温为室温(25℃)条件下进行检测。结果:芍药苷在1.14ug·m L-1~57.00ug·m L-1范围内线性关系良好,线性方程为:Y=238459X-334145(r=0.9992),平均回收率为100.02%,RSD 1.6%。结论:高效液相色谱方法操作简单、结果准确、灵敏度高,可有效评估排石利胆片中芍药苷的含量。     

HPLC法测定双黄连合剂中黄芩苷含量

目的建立测定双黄连合剂中有效成分黄芩苷含量的有效方法。方法色谱柱为Waters C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(50∶50∶1,v/v/v),流速1.00 ml/min,进样量10μl,检测波长274 nm,柱温30℃。结果黄芩苷在53.295~532.950μg/ml(r=0.999 0)考察的线性范围内,线性关系良好,黄芩苷成分平均回收率95.35%(RSD=1.0%),符合含量测定要求。结论采用高效液相色谱法测定双黄连合剂中的黄芩苷成分,结果准确,方法操作简便,可将此方法用于双黄连合剂质量控制。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.