烟酰胺和碳合氧增敏89Sr治疗多发性骨转移癌的临床研究

目的评价烟酰胺和碳合氧（Carbogen）增敏^89Sr治疗多发性骨转移癌的作用、骨痛的缓解及毒副反应。方法97例恶性肿瘤多发性骨转移患者随机分为4组：烟酰胺＋Carbogen＋^89Sr治疗组（A组）；烟酰胺＋^89Sr治疗组（B组）；Carbogen＋^89Sr治疗组（C组）；^89Sr治疗组（D组）。^89SrCl2治疗采用1．48-2．22MBq／kg，静脉注射。注射^89Sr前1h开始给予烟酰胺，6g／d，分3次口服，连服5d。首次口服烟酰胺后开始吸入Carbogen（95％O2＋5％CO2）气体，6L／min，10min，每日1次，连续5d。结果A组治疗后骨痛的缓解及生活质量较B组、C组及D组有效率高（91．7％、77．3％、76．0％和69．2％），且A组与D组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．048）。治疗后3个月复发性骨转移癌全身骨显像反应，各组之间差异无统计学意义。各组病人治疗后均有Ⅰ-Ⅱ度骨髓抑制，各组之间差异无统计学意义。结论烟酰胺＋Carbogen＋^89Sr治疗多发性骨转移癌，对骨痛的缓解及生活质量的改善有更好的疗效，且未增加^89Sr的治疗毒性反应。     

局部放疗联合89Sr治疗骨转移癌的疗效观察

目的评价局部放疗配合放射性核素^89Sr治疗骨转移癌的疗放，分析单纯放疗单纯核素^89Sr治疗及联合治疗的副作用。方法观察60例确诊为骨转移癌的患者，分为3组，每组20例。局部放疗（A组），采用6MV直线加速器外照射给予吸收剂量30—60Gy，2—4周，局部放疗＋^89Sr治疗（B组），单纯^89Sr治疗（C组）放射性核素^89Sr静脉内注射3—4mCi。结果治疗后B组骨痛缓解，原发灶改善明显好于A、C组；新增疼痛部位及转移灶均少于A、C组（P〈0．05）。治疗后血液学的毒性3组差异统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论局部放疗配合^89Sr治疗骨转移癌有较好的疗效，提示对单发性骨转移患者的压痛明显部位给予局部外照射止痛效果明显，对多发骨转移且病灶相距较近的给予放疗联合^89Sr治疗效果安全可靠，对全身性多发性骨转移者采用单纯放射性核素^89Sr治疗对于止痛和控制骨转移有一定疗效。     

89Sr治疗乳腺癌和前列腺癌多发性骨转移的临床观察

目的 探讨放射性核素89Sr治疗乳腺癌和前列腺癌多发性骨转移患者的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析30例乳腺癌和40例前列腺癌多发性骨转移患者接受89Sr治疗的病例资料,采用Karnofsky评分量表和骨显像方法进行疗效评估.结果 乳腺癌组的止痛总有效率为79%,前列腺癌组的止痛总有效率为85%,两组患者之间差异无统计学意义(x2=0.78,P＞0.05).两组患者的生存质量均有明显改善,治疗前后两组患者的Karnofsky评分均有明显提高(t=2.46,P＜0.05;t=2.68,P＜0.05).治疗后两组患者均未见明显骨髓抑制与肝肾功能损伤.结论 89Sr治疗乳腺癌和前列腺癌多发性骨转移止痛效果良好,患者生存质量有明显提高.     

89锶内照射治疗多发转移性骨肿瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨放射性核素~(89)锶内照射治疗转移性骨肿瘤的临床应用价值。方法对178例转移性骨肿瘤患者采用~(89)锶内照射治疗,分别从缓解骨痛、病灶疗效评价和不良反应三方面进行密切观察、随访。结果~(89)锶缓解骨痛的总有效率为69.7%,对前列腺癌和乳腺癌转移性骨肿瘤患者有效率可达87.4%和75.6%,骨显像显示55.1%的患者原发病灶局限或改善。结论~(89)锶内照射治疗多发性骨转移癌有较好疗效。     

89Sr联合局部外照射治疗鼻咽癌多发性骨转移瘤疗效评价

鼻咽癌(NPC)病情隐蔽，易发生远处转移。骨骼是NPC常见的转移器官，临床表现为发热、骨骼剧痛、骨折和生活质量下降等。放疗和化疗、内照射治疗是常见的姑息治疗手段。笔者分析1997年10月-2001年10月经病理及ECT全身骨显像证实100例NPC伴发性骨转移瘤病人，应用^89Sr治疗NPC骨转移瘤观察临床疗效，并与^89Sr结合放射性止痛治疗NPC骨转移瘤的结果加以比较，报道如下。     

89Sr联合局部外照射对多发性骨转移癌的止痛疗效

本院自1999年12月～2004年4月对36例多发性骨转移癌患者采用^89Sr加局部外照射综合治疗,其止痛效果优于单纯局部放疗或单纯^89Sr治疗,现将结果报道如下.     

~(153)Sm-EDTMP治疗多发性骨转移癌

恶性肿瘤发生骨转移,出现骨痛、病理性骨折,严重影响患者的生活质量.我们用153Sm-EDTMP治疗多发性骨转移癌65例,疗效明显,现报告如下.     

^89Sr单用与联合云克治疗肿瘤多发性骨转移癌的临床应用

目的：探讨放射性核素^89SrCI2（二氯化^89锶,^89Sr）联合^99Tc-MDP（云克）治疗多发性骨转移癌的临床应用价值。方法：118例各种肿瘤伴骨转移的病人,随机分为单药组即单独使用^89SrCI2治疗和联合组即使用^89Sr-CI2联合云克治疗,并追踪观察疗效。结果：单药组有效率为75.3%（49/65）;联合组有效率94.3%（50/53）。联合组有效率高于单药组,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。两组骨髓抑制作用无明显差异（P〈0.05）。结论：^89SrCI2联合云克有相互弥补作用,治疗比单独应用^89SrCI2治疗多发性骨转移癌效果好。     

89Sr单用与联合云克治疗肿瘤多发性骨转移癌的临床应用

目的:探讨放射性核素89SrCI2(二氯化89锶,89Sr)联合99Tc-MDP(云克)治疗多发性骨转移癌的临床应用价值。方法:118例各种肿瘤伴骨转移的病人,随机分为单药组即单独使用89SrCI2治疗和联合组即使用89Sr-CI2联合云克治疗,并追踪观察疗效。结果:单药组有效率为75.3%(49/65);联合组有效率94.3%(50/53)。联合组有效率高于单药组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。两组骨髓抑制作用无明显差异(P(0.05)。结论:89SrCI2联合云克有相互弥补作用,治疗比单独应用89SrCI2治疗多发性骨转移癌效果好。     

~（89）锶（Sr）治疗前列腺癌骨转移疼痛疗效的观察

目的：探讨前列腺癌骨转移疼痛的89锶（Sr）治疗。方法：本组13例明确诊断为前列腺癌,并有多个部位骨转移病灶伴有疼痛的病例,均已作双侧睾丸切除术去势,采用核素89锶（Sr）静脉内注射治疗。结果：89锶（Sr）治疗后,疼痛缓解率6个月为84.6%。结论：应用核素89锶（Sr）治疗中晚期前列腺癌伴骨转移性疼痛是一个比较有效的方法,其能够使患者的疼痛获得较为满意的缓解,甚至消失,从而改善他们的生活质量。     

A comparative study of 188Re-HEDP, 186Re-HEDP, 153Sm-EDTMP and 89Sr in the treatment of painful skeletal metastases

AIM: The surface bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals 188Re-HEDP, 186Re-HEDP and 153Sm-EDTMP, and the volume seeker 89Sr were investigated to determine the efficacy and toxicity in pain palliation of bone metastases. METHOD: The effect of treatment with 188Re-HEDP, 186Re-HEDP, 153Sm-EDTMP and 89Sr on pain symptoms, quality of life, and bone marrow function were studied. In total, 79 patients (18 with breast cancer and 61 with prostate cancer) were treated (31 patients with 188Re-HEDP, 15 patients each with 186Re-HEDP and 153Sm-EDTMP, and 18 patients with 89Sr). All patients were interviewed using standardized sets of questions before and after therapy weekly for 12 weeks. Blood counts were taken weekly for 6 weeks and after 12 weeks. RESULTS: In total, 73% of patients reported pain relief (77% after 188Re-HEDP, 67% after 186Re-HEDP 73% after 153Sm-EDTMP, and 72% after 89Sr). Fifteen percent of patients could discontinue their analgesics and were pain-free. Pain showed a decrease from 3.6+/-1.7 to a maximum of 2.2+/-1.8 at visual analogue scale in 10 steps (P<0.01). Patients described an improvement on the Karnofsky performance scale from 70+/-10% to 78+/-14% 12 weeks after treatment (P=0.15). There were eight patients with a thrombocytopenia grade I, two patients with grade II and one with grade III. The maximum nadir of platelet and leukocyte counts were observed between the 2nd to 5th week after treatment and was reversible within 12 weeks. There were no significant differences in pain palliation, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and bone marrow toxicity between the different radionuclides (P=0.087-0.449). CONCLUSION: All radiopharmaceuticals were effective in pain palliation, without induction of severe side effects or significant differences in therapeutic efficacy or toxicity.     

Treatment of bone metastases of prostate cancer with strontium-89 chloride: efficacy in relation to the degree of bone involvement

This retrospective study evaluated the toxicity and efficacy of strontium-89 chloride (Metastron, Amersham) in 94 patients with painful bone metastases of prostate cancer (117 injections of 150 MBq) and compared the efficacy of treatment in patients with moderate and extensive bone involvement. The predictive value of flare response with regard to analgesic response was also studied. High-grade leukothrombopenias were observed after only 5% of injections. An improvement in quality of life was obtained in 65% of cases, a decrease in pain in 78% (31% complete response) and a reduction of analgesics in 60%. Efficacy was significantly better for pain decrease (P=0.005) and reduction of analgesics (P=0.018), and response was significantly longer (P<0.0035) in patients with moderate than in patients with extensive bone involvement. The flare response observed in 23% of cases was not predictive of pain response (P=0.919) or reduction of analgesics (P=0.353). A second dose prolonged analgesia in three-quarters of cases without any apparent increase in toxicity. These results confirm the benefit of 89Sr chloride for the treatment of metastatic bone pain and suggest that internal radiotherapy should be started earlier. A bone scan could be proposed at the time of hormonal escape resulting in bone pain, and internal radiotherapy could be initiated when several metastatic foci exist, even if only one is painful. In this way, pain-free follow-up could be prolonged, and the transition to other therapeutic approaches, particularly opioids, delayed.     

Der Einfluss palliativer Strahlentherapie auf Schmerz und Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit Knochenmetastasen

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Palliative irradiation is used to provide pain relief and to increase quality of life. Most studies exclude patients with advanced cancer disease and, therefore, a positive selection results. This prospective clinical study investigates the effect of palliative radiotherapy on pain and quality of life of patients with painful bone metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 263 patients with bone metastases due to advanced cancer were observed with respect to pain and quality of life during a 2-month course of radiotherapy. Missing data were substituted by the LOCF method (last observation carried forward) to prevent a biased reduction of data. RESULTS: Radiotherapy resulted in pain relief. In the complete group, pain medication was not increased. Quality of life was not affected positively. Side effects of radiotherapy increased remarkably. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy leads to pain relief. However, risks and benefits must be considered critically due to side effects.     

Effective use of strontium-89 in osseous metastases

Bone is one of the organs to which cancer metastasizes most frequently. However, it is not a vital organ, therefore, survival after the occurrence of osseous metastasis is relatively favorable. Improvements of medical treatment bring prolonged survival to patients with osseous metastases. But this makes us to recognize the importance of quality of life (QOL) due to several factors, including pain. It is important for oncologists to know how to deal with such painful osseous metastases, as pain relief may enable patients to live their remaining lives to the fullest. Strontium-89 (89Sr) has been used worldwide as in Japan, while being reported to have positive effects on pain relief and QOL improvement in patients with osseous metastases. This review paper is aimed to present not only the history, roles, and medical characters of 89Sr, but also new aspects, such as how to use bone turnover markers, which location of osseous metastases is suitable for effective use of 89Sr.     

Relative efficacy of 32P and 89Sr in palliation in skeletal metastases.

32p and 89Sr have been shown to produce significant pain relief in patients with skeletal metastases from advanced cancer. Clinically significant pancytopenia has not been reported in doses up to 12 mCi (444 MBq) of either radionuclide. To date, no reports comparing the relative efficacy and toxicity of the two radionuclides in comparable patient populations have been available. Although a cure has not been reported, both treatments have achieved substantial pain relief. However, several studies have used semiquantitative measures such as "slight," "fair," "partial" and "dramatic" responses, which lend themselves to subjective bias. This report examines the responses to treatment with 32P or 89Sr by attempting a quantification of pain relief and quality of life using the patients as their own controls and compares toxicity in terms of hematological parameters. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with skeletal metastases were treated for pain relief with either 32P (16 patients) or 89Sr (15 patients). Inclusion criteria were pain from bone scan-positive sites above a subjective score of 5 of 10 despite analgesic therapy with narcotic or non-narcotic medication, limitation of movement related to the performance of routine daily activity and a predicted life expectancy of at least 4 mo. The patients had not had chemotherapy or radiotherapy during the previous 6 wk and had normal serum creatinine, white cell and platelet counts. 32P was given orally as a 12 mCi dose, and 89Sr was given intravenously as a 4 mCi (148 MBq) dose. The patients were monitored for 4 mo. RESULTS: Complete absence of pain was seen in 7 of 16 patients who were given 32P and in 7 of 15 patients who were given 89Sr. Pain scores fell by at least 50% of the pretreatment score in 14 of 16 patients who were given 32P and 14 of 15 patients who were given 89Sr. Mean duration of pain relief was 9.6 wk with 32P and 10 wk with 89Sr. Analgesic scores fell along with the drop in pain scores. A fall in total white cell, absolute granulocyte and platelet counts occurred in all patients. Subnormal values of white cells and platelets were seen in 5 and 7 patients, respectively, with 32P, and in 0 and 4 patients, respectively, after 89Sr therapy. The decrease in platelet count (but not absolute granulocyte count) was statistically significant when 32P patients were compared with 89Sr patients. However, in no instance did the fall in blood counts require treatment. Absolute granulocyte counts did not fall below 1000 in any patient. There was no significant difference between the two treatments in terms of either efficacy or toxicity. CONCLUSION: No justification has been found in this study for the recommendation of 89Sr over the considerably less expensive oral 32P for the palliation of skeletal pain from metastases of advanced cancer.     

唑来膦酸联合89Sr治疗前列腺癌骨转移的临床疗效

目的评估唑来膦酸联合89Sr治疗前列腺癌骨转移的临床疗效。方法74例前列腺癌骨转移患者按简单随机分组方法分为3组:唑来膦酸联合89Sr治疗组（A组）25例,年龄46~87岁,中位年龄66岁;单独给予唑来膦酸治疗组（B组）25例,年龄43~89岁,中位年龄65岁;单独给予89Sr治疗组（C组）24例,年龄47~85岁,中位年龄66岁。其中,B组和C组为对照组。随访6个月,观察患者骨骼疼痛缓解情况和骨转移病灶数目改善情况。结果3组患者的基线特征相似。治疗后,A组总的疼痛缓解率为88.0%,B组和C组分别为72.0%和79.2%,A组疼痛缓解情况与B组和C组相比差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.959,P < 0.05）。A组骨转移病灶好转率为88.0%,B组和C组分别为44.0%和75.0%,A组病灶好转情况分别与B组、C组相比,差异有统计学意义（χ2=9.096,P < 0.05）。结论唑来膦酸联合89Sr治疗前列腺癌骨转移较单独给药具有更好的缓解疼痛作用,89Sr治疗可有效减少骨转移病灶,提高患者的生活质量。     

Treatment of bone metastases of prostate cancer with strontium-89 chloride: efficacy in relation to the degree of bone involvement

This retrospective study evaluated the toxicity and efficacy of strontium-89 chloride (Metastron, Amersham) in 94 patients with painful bone metastases of prostate cancer (117 injections of 150 MBq) and compared the efficacy of treatment in patients with moderate and extensive bone involvement. The predictive value of flare response with regard to analgesic response was also studied. High-grade leukothrombopenias were observed after only 5% of injections. An improvement in quality of life was obtained in 65% of cases, a decrease in pain in 78% (31% complete response) and a reduction of analgesics in 60%. Efficacy was significantly better for pain decrease (P=0.005) and reduction of analgesics (P=0.018), and response was significantly longer (P<0.0035) in patients with moderate than in patients with extensive bone involvement. The flare response observed in 23% of cases was not predictive of pain response (P=0.919) or reduction of analgesics (P=0.353). A second dose prolonged analgesia in three-quarters of cases without any apparent increase in toxicity. These results confirm the benefit of ⁸⁹Sr chloride for the treatment of metastatic bone pain and suggest that internal radiotherapy should be started earlier. A bone scan could be proposed at the time of hormonal escape resulting in bone pain, and internal radiotherapy could be initiated when several metastatic foci exist, even if only one is painful. In this way, pain-free follow-up could be prolonged, and the transition to other therapeutic approaches, particularly opioids, delayed.