骨朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症临床病理分析

目的探讨骨朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)的临床特点、病理形态学、免疫表型特点提高病理诊断及鉴别诊断的准确性.方法回顾性分析4例骨LCH的临床资料、病理形态学、免疫表型特点及复习相关文献.结果4例骨LCH镜下形态和免疫表型有相同之处,朗格汉斯肿瘤细胞CD1a、Langerin(CD207)、S-100蛋白、CD68、Vim呈阳性表达.结论联合应用CD1a、Langerin(CD207)、S-100蛋白、CD68、Vim等免疫组化抗体有助于提高诊断与鉴别诊断.     

朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症14例临床病理分析

目的探讨朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)的临床病理特征、免疫表型、诊断与鉴别诊断。方法分析14例LCH的临床特征,应用HE染色及免疫组化技术观察其病理学特征,并复习文献。结果本组病例中男11例,女3例,年龄9个月⁵2岁,累及骨13例(颅骨8例,下肢骨3例,椎骨2例),累及皮肤2例,光镜下可见朗格汉斯细胞(LCs)呈卵圆形,核不规则、有核沟和核折叠,核仁不明显,核膜薄,细胞质中等量,略呈嗜酸性,伴多少不等的嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。免疫组化表达CDIa、S-100均阳性,Langerin阳性12例((2例未做),CD68阳性9例,LCA、CD3和CD20均(-),Ki67阳性率10%52岁,累及骨13例(颅骨8例,下肢骨3例,椎骨2例),累及皮肤2例,光镜下可见朗格汉斯细胞(LCs)呈卵圆形,核不规则、有核沟和核折叠,核仁不明显,核膜薄,细胞质中等量,略呈嗜酸性,伴多少不等的嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。免疫组化表达CDIa、S-100均阳性,Langerin阳性12例((2例未做),CD68阳性9例,LCA、CD3和CD20均(-),Ki67阳性率10%²0%。结论 LCH的临床表现复杂,从单系统病变到多系统病变,好发于骨,确诊需取活检进行病理学检查;LCs的CD1a、S-100和Langerin的阳性表达对于LCH的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

骨朗格汉斯组织细胞增生症的临床病理特点分析

目的探讨骨朗格汉斯组织细胞增生症（LCH）的临床病理特点,提高对其临床及病理表现的认识。方法观察31例骨朗格汉斯组织细胞增生症的临床和病理改变,进行常规HE染色及免疫组化SP法染色。结果31例均可见朗格汉斯组织细胞性肉芽肿改变,免疫组化染色S-100、CD1a、CD68（＋）。结论朗格汉斯组织细胞特征性细胞形态学改变及免疫组化S-100、CD1a对诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要意义。     

口腔颌面部朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的临床病理观察

目的:探讨颌面部朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)的临床特点、病理形态学和免疫表型特征,以提高对其诊断水平.方法:对6例发生在口腔颌面部的朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症进行光镜观察和免疫组织化学标记,结合临床资料加以分析讨论.结果:颌面部LCH多发于幼儿,下颌骨好发,常累及局部软组织.镜下改变主要由langerhans细胞与数量不等的嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞及多核巨细胞组成.免疫组化标记:朗格汉斯细胞CD1a阳性,S-100蛋白阳性,CD68阴性.结论:颌面部朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症在临床病理有其特征性改变,但应注意与颌骨的其他巨细胞病变鉴别诊断.     

无色素性恶性黑色素瘤7例报道并文献复习

目的:探讨无色素性恶性黑色素瘤(AMM)病理形态学特征、免疫表型特点及鉴别诊断。方法:应用HE染色、免疫组化标记对7例无色素性恶性黑色素瘤(AMM),进行临床资料分析、形态学和组织结构特点的观察。结果:肿瘤组织结构上出现束状、巢状、腺泡状、腺样,形态学上出现梭形细胞、上皮样细胞、横纹肌样细胞、巨细胞、小细胞;免疫组化标记:Vimentin、S-100、HMB45、Melan-A阳性,Syn阳性1例,CgA阳性1例,其中1例Ki-67阳性细胞数达10%,CK、LCA、CD68、SMA、CD21、CD34均阴性。结论:恶性黑色素瘤的组织结构和形态学复杂多样,无色素性恶性黑色素瘤更是增加了诊断的难度,免疫组织化学对其诊断和鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的免疫组织化学检测

目的 探讨一组免疫组织化学标志物在肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(EAML)中的表达及其对于诊断、鉴别诊断和预后的意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学EnVision二步法检测13例肾脏EAML中标志物vimentin、HMB45、Melan-A、AE1/AE3、EMA、SMA、ER、PR、CD68、CD10、CD34、CD117、S-100蛋白、P53和Ki-67的表达情况.结果 13例肿瘤细胞vimentin、SMA、HMB45、Melan-A、CD68均阳性;AE1/AE3、EMA、CD10、CD34、CD117、ER和PR均阴性;Ki-67和P53各有3例阳性;S-100蛋白有2例阳性.结论 免疫组织化学标志物SMA、HMB45、Melan-A、AE1/AE3、EMA可作为EAML诊断及鉴别诊断的首选抗体,Ki-67和P53对于患者的预后可能有指示意义.     

Langerin在朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症中的表达及诊断价值

目的 Langerin是近年来新发现的朗格汉斯细胞标志物,能诱导朗格汉斯细胞内Birbeck颗粒的形成,对朗格汉斯细胞具有高度选择性。文中探讨Langerin在朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症(Langerhans cell histiocytosis,LCH)的组织细胞中的表达及诊断价值。方法收集23例LCH和18例其他非LCH的组织细胞疾病(non-Langerhans cell histiocytic disorder,N-LCHD)的患者资料,进行病理组织学观察,免疫组织化学染色(EnVision法)检测Langerin、CD1a和S-100蛋白的表达。结果组织学显示23例LCH都有病理性朗格汉斯组织细胞增生,细胞呈卵圆形,较大,核不规则、有核沟和核折叠,核仁不明显,核膜薄,细胞质中等丰富,略呈嗜酸性,伴多量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。免疫组织化学染色示LCH和N-LCHD中Langerin的表达率分别为100%和0%(P<0.05),CD1a的表达率分别为95.65%和5.6%(P<0.05),S-100蛋白的表达率分别为100%和72.2%。Langerin、CD1a和S-100蛋白对诊断LCH的敏感性分别为100%、95.65%和100%,特异性分别为100%、94.4%和27.8%。结论 Langerin是对诊断LCH高度敏感且特异的标志物,有助于LCH的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

涎腺腺样囊性癌免疫组化表达的临床意义

目的观察涎腺腺样囊性癌的免疫组化表达特点,探讨CD117表达对腺样囊性癌预后的意义。方法采用组织芯片和免疫组化方法,观察41例涎腺腺样囊性癌、19例涎腺基底细胞腺瘤及31例涎腺多形性腺瘤平滑肌特异性肌动蛋白(SMA)、p63基因蛋白(p63)、S-100蛋白(S-100 Protein)、细胞角蛋白(CKpan)、上皮膜抗原(EMA)、Ki-67核抗原(Ki-67)及C-kit原癌基因(CD117)的表达,总结各抗体在涎腺腺样囊性癌、基底细胞腺瘤及多形性腺瘤中表达的强度和阳性分布模式,分析其诊断、鉴别诊断和预后意义。结果免疫组化标记SMA、p63、S-100蛋白、CKpan、EMA在涎腺腺样囊性癌、基底细胞腺瘤、多形性腺瘤中显示不同的分布特点。SMA、p63、S-100蛋白标记,腺样囊性癌肿瘤细胞巢周边及筛孔衬覆细胞呈阳性,腺管状结构外层细胞显示阳性;基底细胞腺瘤瘤细胞巢外围及腺管结构外层细胞呈阳性;多形性腺瘤阳性细胞弥漫分布或巣状分布。CKpan、EMA标记,腺样囊性癌肿瘤细胞胞质、胞膜强阳性;基底细胞腺瘤腺样结构内层细胞胞质阳性;多形性腺瘤上皮分化的肿瘤细胞标记阳性,肌上皮细胞分化的肿瘤细胞部分阳性。腺样囊性癌不同预后组Ki-67表达有差别,复发生存病例及死亡病例与无复发生存病例比较,差异有统计学意义(SNK-q检验q值分别为7.472 9和5.218 6,P<0.01)。死亡病例CD117强阳性表达与无复发生存病例比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.039 4)。Ki-67指数高、CD117表达强阳性者预后较差。结论 SMA、p63、S-100蛋白、CKpan、EMA的不同表达对涎腺腺样囊性癌、基底细胞腺瘤、多形性腺瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断具有参考价值,Ki-67、CD117的表达与涎腺腺样囊性癌的预后相关。     

以湿疹样癌为主要表现的肛门周围皮肤朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症1例并文献复习

目的:探讨朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症(Langerhans cell histiocytosis,LCH)的临床病理特点、鉴别诊断及生物学特征。方法:报告LCH 1例,并复习相关文献分析其临床病理特征。结果:该病例经2次病理检查,组织学特点为真皮内弥漫分布的朗格汉斯细胞。瘤细胞表达CD1α和S-100蛋白。结论:光镜下形态学观察,结合免疫组织化学染色结果可明确诊断LCH。     

胃肠道间质肿瘤的临床病理及免疫组化观察

目的探讨胃肠道间质肿瘤(GIST)的病理诊断及预后判断标准。方法光镜观察36例GIST,采用免疫组化法检测Desmin、S-100蛋白、CD34、p53、PCNA。结果良性GIST8例；恶性GIST28例，其中较高分化17例，低分化11例。免疫组化S-100蛋白阳性16例，Desmin阳性3例，CD34阳性23例；PCNA高表达26例，p53阳性14例，二者表达情况均与肿瘤分化呈负相关。结论GIST缺乏定向分化，根据其免疫组化特征可与其他胃肠道梭形细胞肿瘤鉴别。GIST中PCNA、p53共同表达的肿瘤分化差，预后不良。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.