双相情感障碍门诊患者临床特征与自杀意念相关性研究

目的 探讨双相情感障碍患者自杀意念的影响因素.方法 采用连续采样法对2013年2月至2014年6月在中国6个城市7家医院门诊连续入组的405例双相情感障碍患者进行随访调查,采集患者的一般人口学、病史等资料,并使用心境障碍问卷量表(MDQ)、16项抑郁症状快速评估量表(QIDS-SR16)分别评估患者的躁狂/轻躁狂和抑郁...     

双相情感障碍患者自杀意念与基因甲基化相关性的研究进展

双相情感障碍是高致残性的重型精神障碍,具有很高的自杀率。近几年,多项研究显示 基因甲基化与双相情感障碍患者自杀意念相关。现对近年来有关双相情感障碍患者自杀意念与基因甲 基化相关性的研究进行归纳总结     

住院成年早期双相情感障碍患者自杀相关因素研究

目的 探索分析成年早期双相情感障碍住院患者自杀行为的相关因素。方法 选取 2018 年 1— 12 月在首都医科大学附属北京安定医院住院的 521 例成年早期（18～25 岁）双相情感障碍 患者为研究对象,按照是否曾有过自杀,分为自杀组（n=140）与无自杀组（n=381）,比较两组患者的 一般资料及疾病亚型。通过二分类 Logistic 回归分析探讨成年早期双相情感障碍患者自杀危险因素。 结果 与无自杀组比较,自杀组女性［70.0%（98/140）比 47.8%（182/381）］、冲动性格者［29.3%（41/140） 比 19.2%（73/381）］、有重大精神创伤史者［14.3%（20/140）比 4.5%（17/381）］占比更高,差异均有统计 学意义（χ2 =20.350、6.141、16.941;P＜ 0.05）。二分类 Logistic 回归分析显示,女性［OR=0.375,95%CI （0.226～0.564）,P＜ 0.001］、冲动性格［OR=0.603,95%CI（0.377～0.963）,P=0.034］、有重大精神创伤史 ［OR=0.295,95%CI（0.144～0.604）,P=0.001］是成年早期双相情感障碍患者发生自杀的独立危险因素。 结论 女性、性格冲动、有重大精神创伤史的成年早期双相情感障碍患者发生自杀的风险更高。     

双相情感障碍的氢质子波谱研究进展

本文介绍了磁共振氢质子波谱的基本原理和技术,及双相情感障碍脑内代谢物的研究发现。     

双相抑郁患者前额叶及海马磁共振质子波谱成像研究

目的探讨双相抑郁患者前额叶及海马磁共振质子波谱(proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)的代谢物变化特点,为其神经生物学研究提供线索。方法应用磁共振质子波谱成像技术检测26例双相抑郁患者(患者组)和26例单相抑郁患者及13例健康志愿者(对照组)双侧前额叶白质、前扣带回皮质、海马N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(N-Acetylaspartate,NAA)、胆碱(choline,Cho)、肌酸(creatine,Cr)3种代谢物,以Cr为参照物,分别计算双侧NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr比值。采用SPSS 13.0进行统计处理。结果患者组左侧前额叶白质NAA/Cr(1.65±0.31)低于对照组(2.37±0.36),左侧前额叶白质Cho/Cr(1.35±0.27)低于对照组(1.65±0.21),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);右侧前额叶白质NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr值与正常对照组差异无统计学意义;患者组双侧前扣带回NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr值与正常对照组差异无统计学意义;患者组双侧海马NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr值与正常对照组差异无统计学意义;患者组与单相抑郁组的双侧额叶白质、双侧前扣带回皮质、双侧海马NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr值差异均无统计学意义。结论双相抑郁患者可能存在左侧前额叶神经元功能下降和膜磷脂代谢异常,其代谢物特点存在偏侧化。     

双相情感障碍中的自杀及自杀企图研究进展

自杀行为是一种异质性的现象,是患者的素质因素和环境因素交互作用的结果。目前双相情感障碍的自杀行为越来越受到关注。已有的研究致力于探索双相情感障碍患者自杀及自杀企图的预测因素及干预手段。现从流行病学、风险因素、预防、神经影像学及分子生物机制 4 个方面对双相情感障碍患者的自杀及自杀企图进行综述。     

双相情感障碍的自杀风险因素及治疗

综述双相情感障碍的自杀风险因素以及预防双相情感障碍自杀的治疗方法。     

双相障碍Ⅱ型患者前额叶白质、豆状核磁共振波谱分析

目的 探讨双相障碍Ⅱ型患者前额叶白质、豆状核的氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)特征. 方法 以自2012年9月至2013年4月在中山大学附属第三医院住院的双相障碍Ⅱ型患者30例为患者组,同期20例健康志愿者为对照组,采用多体素磁共振波谱技术检测2组研究对象前额叶白质、豆状核的代谢物质含量,包括N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱化合物(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)、肌醇(mI),并计算NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、mI/Cr、NAA/Cho、NAA/(Cho+Cr)的比值. 结果 患者组右侧前额叶白质NAA、Cho、mI绝对含量及NAA/Cr比值和对照组相比明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);左侧前额叶白质NAA绝对含量及NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、NAA/(Cho+Cr)比值与对照组相比明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);右侧豆状核NAA、Cho绝对含量和对照组相比明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 双相障碍Ⅱ型患者存在双侧前额叶白质纤维受损和神经胶质细胞功能异常,以及右侧豆状核神经元缺失或功能异常.     

有自杀意念的儿童青少年双相障碍抑郁发作患者SLC6A4 基因甲基化研究

目的 探讨儿童青少年双相障碍（PBD）抑郁发作患者自杀意念与SLC6A4基因甲基化 的关系。方法 选取 2020 年 12 月至 2022 年 12 月于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院临床心理科住院的 43 例 PBD 抑郁发作患者为研究对象。采用自杀意念自评量表（SIOSS）评估患者的自杀意念，将总分≥ 12 分且掩饰因子得分＜ 4 分的患者纳入有自杀意念组（n=29），将总分＜ 12 分的患者纳入无自杀意念组 （n=14）。采用 Methprimer 软件对SLC6A4基因启动子区进行甲基化岛预测和甲基化引物设计，将提取好 的DNA经亚硫酸盐转化后进行PCR扩增和焦磷酸盐测序，确定甲基化的CpG位点和甲基化率。比较两组 患者SLC6A4基因不同位点甲基化的差异，采用 Spearman 相关分析基因甲基化与自杀意念的相关性。 结果 基因甲基化检测结果显示，两组患者SLC6A4基因甲基化的位点包括 CpG1、CpG2.3、CpG4、 CpG5.6位点。有自杀意念组与无自杀意念组患者CpG1、CpG2.3、CpG4位点的基因甲基化率比较［48.28% （14/29）比 8/14、96.55%（28/29）比 14/14、20.69%（6/29）比 6/14］，差异无统计学意义（χ2 =0.297、0.494、2.306； P＞ 0.05）。有自杀意念组患者的 CpG5.6 位点基因甲基化率高于无自杀意念组［68.97%（20/29）比 5/14］， 差异有统计学意义（χ2 =4.289，P＜ 0.05）。相关分析结果显示，PBD 抑郁发作患者的 SIOSS 得分与 SLC6A4基因甲基化CpG1位点、CpG2.3位点、CpG4位点不存在相关性（r=-0.244、-0.210、-0.281；P＞0.05）； 与甲基化 CpG5.6 位点呈正相关（r=0.312，P＜ 0.05）。结论 PBD 抑郁发作患者的自杀意念与SLC6A4基 因甲基化 CpG5.6 位点有关，为明确其自杀意念的发生原因提供了基础。     

男性首发精神分裂症患者额叶质子波谱研究

目的探讨首发精神分裂症患者额叶质子波谱的特点。方法利用1H-MRS技术对10名首次发病且未经抗精神病药物治疗的男性精神分裂症患者和10正常对照的额叶进行检测。对照组的性别、年龄、利手、文化程度与患者组匹配,且精神疾病家族史为阴性。所有1H-MRS检查均在1.5T场强条件下进行,回波时间(TE)144毫秒(ms),检测的代谢物包括NAA、胆碱复合物(CHO)、肌酸(Cr),用公司提供的软件(GEFuntool2)测量各峰下面积并分别计算NAA/Cr及CHO/Cr的比值。结果采用多因素方差分析发现,患者组额叶NAA/Cr比值显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05),而两组之间CHO/Cr比值的差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在精神分裂症发病初期额叶神经元的完整性或功能可能已经受到损害。     

31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the frontal lobe of major depressed patients

Most research with ³¹P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (³¹P-MRS) in affective disorders has been done in the field of bipolar disturbances. Reduced frontal and temporal lobe phosphomonoester (PME) concentrations were measured in the euthymic state, whereas increased values were found in the depressed state. In bipolar-II patients reduced phosphocreatine (PCr) concentrations were reported in the euthymic, depressed, and manic state. The aim of the present study was to explore whether PME and PCr were also altered in the frontal lobe of major depressed, unipolar patients. Therefore, we used ³¹P-MRS to investigate the relative phospholipid and high-energy phosphate concentrations in the frontal lobe of 14 unipolar patients, mostly medicated, and 8 age-matched controls. We found increased PME and decreased ATP values. Other ³¹P-MRS parameters were not different in both groups. Phosphomonoester percentages correlated negatively with the degree of depression. Thus, the main alterations found in bipolar depressed patients could also be demonstrated in unipolar depressed patients. The results are discussed with regard to disturbed phospholipid and intracellular high-energy phosphate metabolism in depressed patients. Received: 2 December 1997 / Accepted: 14 July 1998     

Frontal lobe bioenergetic metabolism in depressed adolescents with bipolar disorder: a phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Shi X‐F, Kondo DG, Sung Y‐H, Hellem TL, Fiedler KK, Jeong E‐K, Huber RS, Renshaw PF. Frontal lobe bioenergetic metabolism in depressed adolescents with bipolar disorder: a phosphorus‐31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 607–617. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives: To compare the concentrations of high‐energy phosphorus metabolites associated with mitochondrial function in the frontal lobe of depressed adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC). Methods: We used in vivo phosphorus‐31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (³¹P‐MRS) at 3 Tesla to measure phosphocreatine (PCr), beta‐nucleoside triphosphate (β‐NTP), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and other neurometabolites in the frontal lobe of eight unmedicated and six medicated adolescents with bipolar depression and 24 adolescent HCs. Results: Analysis of covariance, including age as a covariate, revealed differences in PCr (p = 0.037), Pi (p = 0.017), and PCr/Pi (p = 0.002) between participant groups. Percentage neurochemical differences were calculated with respect to mean metabolite concentrations in the HC group. Post‐hoc Tukey–Kramer analysis showed that unmedicated BD participants had decreased Pi compared with both HC (17%; p = 0.038) and medicated BD (24%; p = 0.022). The unmedicated BD group had increased PCr compared with medicated BD (11%; p = 0.032). The PCr/Pi ratio was increased in unmedicated BD compared with HC (24%; p = 0.013) and with medicated BD (39%; p = 0.002). No differences in β‐NTP or pH were observed. Conclusions: Our results support the view that frontal lobe mitochondrial function is altered in adolescent BD and may have implications for the use of Pi as a biomarker. These findings join volumetric studies of the amygdala, and proton MRS studies of n‐acetyl aspartate in pointing to potential differences in neurobiology between pediatric and adult BD.     

Activation of suicidal ideation with adjunctive rufinamide in bipolar disorder

Antiepileptic drugs are effective psychotropics, especially for bipolar disorder, which leads to their use off-label in treatment-refractory cases. A recent publication suggests that rufinamide may be beneficial adjunctively for bipolar disorder with comorbid psychopathology. This report addresses two negative cases with significant psychiatric adverse effects: increased depression, agitation, and activation of suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that adjunctive rufinamide may lead to increased suicidal ideation in patients with treatment-refractory bipolar disorder. Secondary to the course of severe bipolar disorder, rufinamide cannot be specifically implicated; however, clinicians should be aware of this potential significant adverse effect and monitor high-risk patients. Further studies are required to address rufinamide treatment efficacy and severity of adverse effects in patients with bipolar disorder.     

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigation of the right frontal lobe in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

OBJECTIVE: To investigate neurometabolite concentrations in right prefrontal white matter in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and relations of neurometabolites with attention skill and frontal anatomy. METHOD: Single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( H-MRS), quantitative morphometric analysis of left and right dorsolateral frontal volumes, and assessment of attentional problems with the Conners Continuous Performance Test were undertaken in 23 children (17 male) with ADHD (with no comorbid learning disabilities) and 24 matched controls (16 male). RESULTS: No overall group differences were found for any neurometabolite. However, a group by sex interaction was noted for -acetylaspartate, such that girls with ADHD had especially low concentrations. Morphological analyses revealed smaller right (but not left) dorsolateral volumes in children with ADHD, and in the ADHD group this volume correlated with neurometabolite concentrations. In the ADHD group Continuous Performance Test performance was related to both dorsolateral volume and the creatine-phosphocreatine peak from H-MRS. CONCLUSIONS: These results add to a growing body of evidence suggesting sex-specific neurobiological differences in ADHD and draw attention to relationships between neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, and performance in children with ADHD. Study limitations include small sample size and clinical heterogeneity among the children with ADHD.     

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal lobe and cerebellar vermis in children with a mood disorder and a familial risk for bipolar disorders

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have examined the neurochemical abnormalities that might be associated with pediatric bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to use magnetic resonance spectroscopy to evaluate several brain regions implicated in bipolar disorder in children with a mood disorder and a familial risk for bipolar disorder. We hypothesized that these children would exhibit neurochemical differences compared with healthy children of parents without a psychiatric disorder. Specifically, decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr) of the prefrontal cortex and cerebellar vermis would reflect impairments in neuronal function and cellular metabolism, and elevated myo-inositol (mI) would reflect impaired phosphoinositide metabolism, potentially representing early markers of neurophysiologic changes that might underlie the development of bipolar disorder. METHODS: Children with a mood disorder and at least one parent with bipolar disorder (n = 9) and healthy children (n = 10) group matched for age (8-12 years), race, sex, education, and Tanner stage were evaluated using the Washington University in St. Louis Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was acquired using 8-cc volumes within the frontal cortex, frontal white matter, and the cerebellar vermis. Metabolite ratios (NAA/Cr, cholines (Cho)/Cr, mI/Cr, NAA/Cho, NAA/mI, and Cho/mI) and concentrations (NAA, Cr, Cho, and mI) were calculated and compared between groups. RESULTS: The trend in concentration levels of NAA and Cr was approximately 8% lower for children with a mood disorder than healthy children within the cerebellar vermis. The frontal cortex in children with a mood disorder revealed elevated mI concentration levels, approximately 16% increased, compared with healthy children. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to findings in adults with bipolar disorders, neurochemical abnormalities within the frontal cortex and the cerebellar vermis were present in this preliminary comparison of children with a mood disorder and a familial risk for bipolar disorder. Larger sample sizes are needed to replicate these findings.     

A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in schizoaffective disorder: Comparison of bipolar disorder and schziophrenia

The aim of this study was to compare schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia based on (1)H-MRS metabolite values in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and executive functions. The subjects comprised 15 patients with bipolar disorder type I (BD), 15 with schizophrenia (SCH), 15 with schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and 15 healthy controls. We performed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) bilaterally. Levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and creatine-containing compounds (Cr) were measured in the DLPFC using (1)H-MRS. We administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Stroop Test (ST) to evaluate executive functions. The SAD, BD and SCH patients had lower levels of NAA than the control group. The SAD and BD patients had low levels of Cho compared to the control group. The left DLPFC Cr levels in all of the patient groups and the right DLPFC Cr levels in the BD and SAD groups were lower than in the control group. The levels of NAA Cho and Cr were not related to executive functions and attention performance. Cr level were related to attention processes, only in SCH. Our results indicate that NAA levels are reduced in schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, but the reduction in the levels of NAA is not a distinctive feature among these three illnesses. Schizoaffective and bipolar disorders have similar features related to the levels of compounds containing Cho and Cr. This similarity may be related to these illnesses both having an affective basis.