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1.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2005,48(6):463-471
A synthesis method has been developed for the labelling of N‐(3‐[18F]fluoropropyl)‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐fluorophenyl)nortropane ([18F]β‐CFT‐FP), a potential radioligand for visualization of the dopamine transporters by positron emission tomography. The two‐step synthesis includes preparation of [18F]fluoropropyl tosylate and its use without purification in the fluoroalkylation of 2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐fluorophenyl)nortropane (nor‐β‐CFT). The final product is purified by HPLC. Optimization of the two synthesis steps resulted in a greater than 30% radiochemical yield of [18F]β‐CFT‐FP (decay corrected to end of bombardment). The synthesis time including HPLC‐purification was approximately 90 min. The radiochemical purity of the final product was higher than 99% and the specific radioactivity at the end of synthesis was typically 20 GBq/µmol. In comparison to alkylation by [18F]fluoropropyl bromide, the procedure described here results in an improved overall radiochemical yield of [18F]β‐CFT‐FP in a shorter time. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2004,47(5):289-297
Reactions of no‐carrier‐added (NCA) [18F]β‐fluoroethyl tosylate with amine, phenol or carboxylic acid to form the corresponding [18F]N‐(β‐fluoroethyl)amine, [18F]β‐fluoroethyl ether or [18F]β‐fluoroethyl ester, were found to be rapid (2–10 min) and efficient (51–89% conversion) under microwave‐enhanced conditions. These conditions allow reactants to be heated rapidly to 150°C in a low boiling point solvent, such as acetonitrile, and avoid the need to use high boiling point solvents, such as DMSO and DMF, to promote reaction. The microwave‐enhanced reactions gave about 20% greater radiochemical yields than thermal reactions performed at similar temperatures and over similar reaction times. With a bi‐functional molecule, such as DL‐pipecolinic acid, [18F]β‐fluoroethyl tosylate reacts exclusively with the amino group. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2006,49(9):811-815
2‐[18F]fluoroadenosine (2‐[18F]FAD), a potential radioligand for assessment of adenylate metabolism, was synthesized by carrier‐added and no‐carrier‐added procedures via nucleophilic radiofluorination of 2‐fluoroadenosine and 2‐iodoadenosine. The radiochemical yield, specific radioactivity and radiochemical purity of carrier‐added and no‐carrier‐added 2‐[18F]FAD were 5%, 22–30 mCi/µmol and 99%, and 0.5%, 1200–1700 mCi/µmol and 99%, respectively. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2002,45(9):763-774
Tolbutamide ( 1 ) is a sulfonurea agent used to stimulate insulin secretion in type 2 diabetic patients. Its analogue 1‐(4‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethoxy)benzenesulfonyl)‐3‐butyl urea ( 3 ) was synthesized in overall radiochemical yields of 45% as a potential β‐cell imaging agent. Compound 3 was synthesized by 18F‐fluoroalkylation of the corresponding hydroxy precursor ( 2 ) with 2‐[18F]fluoroethyltosylate in DMF at 120°C for 10 min followed by purification with HPLC in a synthesis time of 50 min. Insulin secretion experiments of the authentic 19F‐standard compound on rat islets showed that the compound has a similar stimulating effect on insulin secretion as that of tolbutamide ( 1 ). The partition coefficient of compound 3 between octanol/water was determined to be 1.3±0.3 (n=5). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2017,60(7):337-342
O‐(2‐Fluoroethyl)‐O‐(p‐nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate 1 is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that creates a phosphonyl‐serine covalent adduct at the enzyme active site blocking cholinesterase activity in vivo . The corresponding radiolabeled O‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethyl)‐O‐(p‐nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate, [ 18 F]1 , has been previously prepared and found to be an excellent positron emission tomography imaging tracer for assessment of cholinesterases in live brain, peripheral tissues, and blood. However, the previously reported [ 18 F]1 tracer synthesis was slow even with microwave acceleration, required high‐performance liquid chromatography separation of the tracer from impurities, and gave less optimal radiochemical yields. In this paper, we report a new synthetic approach to circumvent these shortcomings that is reliant on the facile reactivity of bis‐(O,O‐p‐nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate, 2 , with 2‐fluoroethanol in the presence of DBU. The cold synthesis was successfully translated to provide a more robust radiosynthesis. Using this new strategy, the desired tracer, [ 18 F]1 , was obtained in a non‐decay–corrected radiochemical yield of 8 ± 2% (n = 7) in >99% radiochemical and >95% chemical purity with a specific activity of 3174 ± 345 Ci/mmol (EOS). This new facile radiosynthesis routinely affords highly pure quantities of [ 18 F]1 , which will further enable tracer development of OP cholinesterase inhibitors and their evaluation in vivo . 相似文献
6.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2004,47(13):947-952
6‐Chloro‐3‐((2‐(S)‐azetidinyl)methoxy)‐5‐(2‐[18F]fluoropyridin‐4‐yl)pyridine ([18F]NIDA 522131), a potential radioligand for studying extrathalamic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by positron‐emission tomography, was synthesized via no‐carrier‐added nucleophilic [18F]fluorination of 6‐chloro‐3‐((1‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐2‐(S)‐azetidinyl)methoxy)‐5‐(2‐iodopyridin‐4‐yl)vinyl)pyridine, followed by acidic deprotection. The overall radiochemical yield of the radiosynthesis was 4–8% (non‐decay‐corrected), the specific radioactivity was in the range of 167–335 GBq/µmol (4500–9000 mCi/µmol) and the radiochemical purity was greater than 99%. Preparation of [18F]NIDA522131 via corresponding bromo‐derivative 2 is also described. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Olaf Prante Kurt Hamacher Heinz H. Coenen 《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2007,50(1):55-63
The development of 18F‐labelling methods adopted to proteins and bioactive peptides is of great interest in radiopharmaceutical sciences. In order to provide 18F‐labelled sugars as a polar prosthetic group for an enzymatic 18F‐labelling procedure, an appropriate nucleotide activated sugar is needed. Here, we present the radiosynthesis of n.c.a. UDP‐2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐α‐D‐glucopyranose (UDP‐[18F]FDG) as a substrate for glycosyltransferases. The MacDonald synthesis of [18F]FDG‐1‐phosphate was successfully combined with an enzymatic activation to obtain UDP‐[18F]FDG directly in an aqueous medium located in the void volume of a solid phase cartridge. The radiochemical yield of UDP‐[18F]FDG was 20% (based on [18F]fluoride) after a total synthesis time of 110 min. Thus, an intermediate was provided for the enzymatic transfer of [18F]FDG using UDP‐[18F]FDG as glycosyl donor making use of a suitable glycosyltransferase. This would represent a highly selective and mild 18F‐labelling method for glycosylated biomolecules. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2003,46(14):1261-1268
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are widely distributed throughout the human brain and are believed to play a role in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. In order to identify an effective PET radioligand for in vivo assessment of the α4β2 subtype of nicotinic receptor, we synthesized [18F]3‐[1‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐(S)‐pyrrolidin‐2‐ylmethoxy]pyridine (NicFP). The in vitro KD of NicFP was determined to be 1.1 nM, and the log P value obtained by HPLC analysis of the unlabelled standard was found to be 2.2. The radiosynthesis of [18F]NicFP was carried out by a nucleophilic substitution reaction of anhydrous [18F]fluoride and the corresponding mesylate precursor. After purification by HPLC, the radiochemical yield was determined to be 11.3±2.1% and the specific activity was 0.47±0.18 Ci/μmol (EOS, n = 3). The time of synthesis and purification was 99±2 min. The final product was prepared as a sterile saline solution suitable for in vivo use. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2004,47(6):385-392
6‐Chloro‐3‐((2‐(S)‐azetidinyl)methoxy)‐5‐((E)‐2‐(2‐[18F]fluoropyridin‐4‐yl)vinyl)pyridine ([18F]NIDA 52289), a very high affinity radioligand for studying nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) by positron‐emission tomography, was synthesized through Kryptofix 222 assisted no‐carrier‐added nucleophilic [18F]fluorination of 6‐chloro‐3‐((1‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐2‐(S)‐azetidinyl)methoxy)‐5‐((E)‐2‐(2‐bromopyridin‐4‐yl)vinyl)pyridine, followed by acidic deprotection. The overall radiochemical yield of the radiosynthesis was 10% (non‐decay‐corrected), the specific radioactivity was in the range of 93–326 GBq/µmol (2.5–8.8 mCi/µmol) and the radiochemical purity was greater than 99%. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2006,49(5):459-462
5‐((1‐[11C]‐methyl‐2‐(S)‐pyrrolidinyl)methoxy)‐2‐chloro‐3‐((E)‐2‐(2‐fluoropyridin‐4‐yl)‐vinyl)pyridine ([11C]‐FPVC) was synthesized from [11C]‐methyl iodide and the corresponding normethyl precursor. The average time of synthesis, purification, and formulation was 42 min with an average non‐decay‐corrected radiochemical yield of 19%. The average specific radioactivity was 359 GBq/µmol (9691 mCi/µmole) at end of synthesis (EOS). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
Ganghua Tang Xiaolan Tang Xinlu Wang 《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2010,53(8):543-547
A fully automated synthesis of N‐succinimidyl 4‐[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB) was carried out by a convenient three‐step, one‐pot procedure on the modified TRACERlab FXFN synthesizer, including [18F]fluorination of ethyl 4‐(trimethylammonium triflate)benzoate as the precursor, saponification of the ethyl 4‐[18F]fluorobenzoate with aqueous tetrapropylammonium hydroxide instead of sodium hydroxide, and conversion of 4‐[18F]fluorobenzoate salt ([18F]FBA) to [18F]SFB treated with N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐O‐(N‐succinimidyl)uranium tetrafluoroborate (TSTU). The purified [18F]SFB was used for the labeling of Tat membrane‐penetrating peptide (containing the Arg‐Lys‐Lys‐Arg‐Arg‐Arg‐Arg‐Arg‐Arg‐Arg‐Arg‐Pro‐Leu‐Gly‐Leu‐Ala‐Gly‐Glu‐Glu‐Glu‐Glu‐Glu‐Glu‐Glu sequence, [18F]CPP) through radiofluorination of lysine amino groups. The uncorrected radiochemical yields of [18F]SFB were as high as 25–35% (based on [18F]fluoride) (n=10) with a synthesis time of~40 min. [18F]CPP was produced in an uncorrected radiochemical yields of 10–20% (n=5) within 30 min (based on [18F]SFB). The radiochemical purities of [18F]SFB and [18F]CPP were greater than 95%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2006,49(12):1037-1050
Four different no carrier added (n.c.a.) 4‐[18F]fluorophenylurea derivatives are synthesized as model compounds via two alternative routes. In both cases carbamate‐4‐nitrophenylesters are used as intermediates. Either n.c.a. 4‐[18F]fluoroaniline reacts with carbamates of several amines, or the carbamate of n.c.a. 4‐[18F]fluoroaniline is formed at first and an amine is added subsequently to yield the urea derivative. The choice of the appropriate way of reaction depends on the possibilities of precursor synthesis. The radiochemical yields reach up to 80% after 50 min of synthesis time while no radiochemical by‐products can be determined. These high yields were possible due to an optimized preparation of n.c.a. 4‐[18F]fluoroaniline with a radiochemical yield of up to 90%. From the various ways of its radiosynthesis, the substitution with n.c.a. [18F]fluoride on dinitrobenzene is chosen, using phosphorous acid and palladium black for reduction of the second nitro group. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2003,46(12):1093-1103
Labelled oligonucleotides are new imaging tools to study gene expression at the nucleic acid and protein levels. We have previously developed a universal method to label oligonucleotides at their 3′‐end with radiohalogens and particularly with fluorine‐18, the most widely used positron‐emitter, t1/2: 109.8 min. Using the same strategy, we herein report the fluorine‐18 labelling of oligonucleotides at their 5′‐end. A 18‐mer 2′O‐methyl modified oligoribonucleotide, bearing a phosphorothioate group at its 5′‐end, was conjugated to our fluorine‐18‐labelled reagent N‐(4‐[18F]fluorobenzyl)‐2‐bromoacetamide. The whole synthetic procedure yielded up to 1 GBq of fluorine‐18‐labelled oligonucleotide with a specific radioactivity of 37–74 GBq/μmol in 160 min. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2002,45(12):1045-1053
To assess the potential of intermolecular hydroacylation reactions as a new fluorine‐18 labeling method, model reactions of [18F]fluorobenzaldehyde with three different olefins (1‐hexene ( 2a ), allylbenzene ( 2b ), and 3‐phenoxypropene ( 2c )) in the presence of Wilkinson's catalyst were performed. The procedure gave high radiochemical yields (38–62%) of [18F]fluorophenylketones with short reaction times (15 min). The intermolecular hydroacylation reaction provides a new method for the preparation of fluorine‐18 labeled compounds. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2004,47(8):469-476
3‐[18F]Fluoropropyl‐, 4‐[18F]fluorobenzyl‐triphenylphosphonium and 4‐[18F]fluorobenzyltris‐4‐dimethylaminophenylphosphonium cations were synthesized in multi‐step reactions from no carrier added (nca) [18F]fluoride. The time for synthesis, purification, and formulation was 56, 82, and 79 min with an average radiochemical yield of 12, 6 and 15%, respectively (not corrected for decay). The average specific radioactivity for the three radiolabeled compounds was 14.9 GB q/µmole (403 mCi/µmole) at end of synthesis (EOS). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2003,46(13):1229-1240
Recently, two fluorine‐18 labelled derivatives of flumazenil were described: 5‐(2′‐[18F]fluoroethyl)‐5‐desmethylflumazenil (ethyl 8‐fluoro‐5‐[18F]fluoroethyl‐6‐oxo‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐benzo‐[f]imidazo[1,5‐a] [1,4]diazepine‐3‐carboxylate; [18F]FEFMZ) and 3‐(2′‐[18F]fluoro)‐flumazenil (2′‐[18F]fluoroethyl 8‐fluoro‐5‐methyl‐6‐oxo‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐benzo‐[f]imidazo[1,5‐a]‐[1,4]diazepine‐3‐carbo‐ xylate; [18F]FFMZ). Since the biodistribution data of the latter were superior to those of the former we developed a synthetic approach for [18F]FFMZ starting from a commercially available precursor, thereby obviating the need to prepare a precursor by ourselves. The following two‐step procedure was developed: First, [18F]fluoride was reacted with 2‐bromoethyl triflate using the kryptofix/acetonitrile method to yield 2‐bromo‐[18F]fluoroethane ([18F]BFE). In the second step, distilled [18F]BFE was reacted with the tetrabutylammonium salt of 3‐desethylflumazenil (8‐fluoro‐5‐methyl‐6‐oxo‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐benzo‐[f]imidazo[1,5‐a] [1,4]diazepine‐3‐carboxylic acid) to yield [18F]FFMZ. The synthesis of [18F]FFMZ allows for the production of up to 7 GBq of this PET‐tracer, enough to serve several patients. [18F]FFMZ synthesis was completed in less than 80 min and the radiochemical purity exceeded 98%. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2003,46(1):93-98
The feasibility of nucleophilic displacement of bromide in the 4‐bromopyrazole ring with [18F]fluoride has been demonstrated by the synthesis of two radiolabeled compounds: N‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)‐5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐4‐[18F]fluoro‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxamide, ([18F] NIDA‐42033) 1b and 1‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐4‐[18F]fluoro‐5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylic acid, ethyl ester 4 . The radiochemical yields were in the range of 1–6%. [18F]NIDA‐42033, a potential radiotracer for the study of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the animal brain by positron emission tomography, has been synthesized in sufficient quantities with specific radioactivity greater than 2500 mCi/μmol and radiochemical purity >95%. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Kazutaka Hayashi Kenji Furutsuka Takehito Ito Masatoshi Muto Hatsumi Aki Toshimitsu Fukumura Kazutoshi Suzuki 《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2012,55(3):120-124
We have developed an efficient synthesis method for the rapid and high‐yield automated synthesis of 4‐(2′‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐[2′‐(N‐2″‐pyridinyl)‐p‐[18F]fluorobenzamido]ethylpiperazine (p‐[18F]MPPF). No‐carrier‐added [18F]F? was trapped on a small QMA cartridge and eluted with 70% MeCN(aq) (0.4 mL) containing Kryptofix 222 (2.3 mg) and K2CO3 (0.7 mg). The nucleophilic [18F]fluorination was performed with 3 mg of the nitro‐precursor in DMSO (0.4 mL) at 190 °C for 20 min, followed by the preparative HPLC purification (column: COSMOSIL Cholester, Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan; mobile phase: MeCN/25 mm AcONH4/AcOH = 200/300/0.15; flow rate: 6.0 mL/min) to afford p‐[18F]MPPF (retention time = 9.5 min). p‐[18F]MPPF was obtained automatically with a radiochemical yield of 38.6 ± 5.0% (decay corrected, n = 5), a specific activity of 214.3 ± 21.1 GBq/µmol, and a radiochemical purity of >99% within a total synthesis time of about 55 min. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2005,48(1):31-43
The palladium‐mediated N‐arylation of indoles with 4‐[18F]fluoroiodobenzene as a novel radiolabelling method has been developed. Optimized reaction conditions were elaborated by variation of different catalyst systems (CuI/1,2‐diamines and Pd2(dba)3/phosphine ligands), bases and solvents in the reaction of indole with 4‐[18F]fluoroiodobenzene. Optimized reaction conditions (Pd2(dba)3/(2‐(dicyclohexyl‐phosphino)‐2′‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)‐biphenyl, NaOBut, toluene, 100°C for 20 min) were applied for the synthesis of 18F‐labelled σ2 receptor ligands [18F]‐11 and [18F]‐13 which were obtained in 91 and 84% radiochemical yields, respectively. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Radiosynthesis and ‘click’ conjugation of ethynyl‐4‐[18F]fluorobenzene — an improved [18F]synthon for indirect radiolabeling
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Maxine P. Roberts Tien Q. Pham Cathy D. Jiang Trevor W. Hambley Ivan Greguric Benjamin H. Fraser 《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2015,58(13-14):473-478
Reproducible methods for [18F]radiolabeling of biological vectors are essential for the development of new [18F]radiopharmaceuticals. Molecules such as carbohydrates, peptides and proteins are challenging substrates that often require multi‐step indirect radiolabeling methods. With the goal of developing more robust, time saving, and less expensive procedures for indirect [18F]radiolabeling of such molecules, our group has synthesized ethynyl‐4‐[18F]fluorobenzene ([18F]2, [18F]EYFB) in a single step (14 ± 2% non‐decay corrected radiochemical yield (ndc RCY)) from a readily synthesized, shelf stable, inexpensive precursor. The alkyne‐functionalized synthon [18F]2 was then conjugated to two azido‐functionalized vector molecules via CuAAC reactions. The first ‘proof of principle’ conjugation of [18F]2 to 1‐azido‐1‐deoxy‐β‐d ‐glucopyranoside (3) gave the desired radiolabeled product [18F]4 in excellent radiochemical yield (76 ± 4% ndc RCY (11% overall)). As a second example, the conjugation of [18F]2 to matrix‐metalloproteinase inhibitor (5), which has potential in tumor imaging, gave the radiolabeled product [18F]6 in very good radiochemical yield (56 ± 12% ndc RCY (8% overall)). Total preparation time for [18F]4 and [18F]6 including [18F]F? drying, two‐step reaction (nucleophilic substitution and CuAAC conjugation), two HPLC purifications, and two solid phase extractions did not exceed 70 min. The radiochemical purity of synthon [18F]2 and the conjugated products, [18F]4 and [18F]6, were all greater than 98%. The specific activities of [18F]2 and [18F]6 were low, 5.97 and 0.17 MBq nmol?1, respectively. 相似文献