Multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel disease and acute myocardial infarction

Background

The optimal percutaneous interventional strategy for dealing with significant non-culprit lesions in patients with multivessel disease (MVD) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at presentation remains controversial.

Methods

A total of 820 patients treated with primary angioplasty for AMI between 1998 and 2002 were classified in groups of patients with single vessel disease (SVD) or MVD (≥70% stenosis of ≥2 coronary arteries). Patients with MVD were subdivided in 3 groups on the basis of the revascularization strategy: 1) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the infarct-related artery (IRA) only; 2) patients undergoing PCI of both the IRA and non-IRA(s) during the initial procedure; and 3) patients undergoing PCI of the IRA followed by staged, in-hospital PCI of the non-IRA(s). Procedural, 30-day, and 1-year outcomes are reported.

Results

At 1 year, compared with patients with SVD, patients with MVD had a higher incidence of re-infarction (5.9% vs 1.6%, P = .003), revascularization (18% vs 9.6%, P <.001), mortality (12% vs 3.2%, P <.001), and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs; 31% vs 13%, P <.001). In patients with MVD, compared with PCI restricted to the IRA only, multivessel PCI was associated with higher rates of re-infarction (13.0% vs 2.8%, P <.001), revascularization (25% vs 15%, P = .007), and MACEs (40% vs 28%, P = .006). Multivessel PCI was an independent predictor of MACEs at 1 year (odds ratio = 1.67, P = .01).

Conclusions

These data suggest that in patients with MVD, PCI should be directed at the IRA only, with decisions about PCI of non-culprit lesions guided by objective evidence of residual ischemia at late follow-up. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.     

Multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention in Chinese patients with acute myocardial infarction and simple nonculprit arteries

BACKGROUND: Multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is currently controversial. In this study, we investigated the significance of multivessel PCI in Chinese patients with ST-segment elevation AMI and relatively simple lesions in nonculprit arteries. METHODS: We reviewed all consecutive primary PCI of ST-segment elevation AMI in our hospital between 2002 and 2005. The patients with multivessel disease and ACC/AHA type A/B1 lesions in nonculprit arteries who underwent multivessel PCI were identified (n = 105, multivessel PCI group), and 120 patients with single-vessel disease and treatment with primary PCI were enrolled as control subjects (single-vessel PCI group). The primary end points were the occurrences of 6-month major adverse cardiac events (cardiogenic death, nonfatal reinfarction, and target vessel revascularization). The secondary end points included procedure time, angiographic success rate, TIMI grade, reperfusion arrhythmia, ST-segment resolution, and left ventricular ejection fraction. RESULTS: All patients with multivessel PCI tolerated the operations well and had similar TIMI 3 and angiographic success rates but longer procedure times than those patients with single-vessel PCI. There were no significant differences in reperfusion arrhythmia, ST-segment resolution, left ventricular ejection fraction, or 6-month MACEs between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that multivessel PCI is effective and safe for Chinese patients with ST-segment elevation AMI and simple lesions in nonculprit arteries.     

延迟经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效观察

目的 :评价急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者起病 1个月内行延迟经皮冠状动脉介入 (PCI)术的疗效。方法 :回顾性分析 2 12例首次AMI患者中 14 6例行延迟PCI术 (执行时间中位数 :发病后 15 .8d)与 6 6例未行延迟PCI术患者住院期死亡和起病 1年内死亡、再次AMI和死亡或 (和 )再次AMI的发生率。结果 :行延迟PCI术的患者与未行延迟PCI的患者相比 ,其住院期死亡 (2 .1%∶2 4 .0 % ,P <0 .0 1)、起病 1年内死亡 (2 .7%∶9.1% ,P <0 .0 1)、再次AMI(2 .1%∶6 .1% ,P <0 .0 5 )和死亡或 (和 )再次AMI(3.4 %∶13.6 % ,P <0 .0 1)的发生率均显著降低。多因素分析显示PCI术能独立降低AMI患者住院期死亡率 (OR 0 .0 2 8,95 %CI 0 .0 8～ 0 .112 )和 1年内死亡或 (和 )再次AMI的发生率 (OR 0 .191,95 %CI 0 .0 6～ 0 .6 0 8)。结论 :AMI后 1个月内行延迟PCI术能使AMI患者受益     

Contrast-induced nephropathy after staged percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary artery disease

Background Contrast-induced nephropathy(CIN) occurs frequently in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) and is associated with poor outcomes. Multivessel coronary artery disease(MVCAD) is considered to be a potentially important risk factor for CIN. There are still no data on CIN in patients undergoing staged PCI for STEMI and MVCAD. Therefore, we explored the incidence, risk factors, in-hospital and follow-up outcomes of CIN in this special population. Methods From 2011 to 2018, we enrolled 103 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent staged PCI for MVCAD. CIN was defined as a relative increase of 25% or an absolute increase of ≥ 0.5 mg/dL in SCr from the baseline value 72 h after exposure to the contrast medium. The incidence, risk factors, in-hospital and follow-up outcomes of CIN in this special population were studied. Results We found1) the incidence of CIN after primary PCI and staged PCI was 16.50% and 25.20%, respectively. 2) patients with CIN had worse in-hospital and follow-up outcomes. 3) in multivariate logistic analysis, independent risk factors for CIN included:(1) lower creatinine clearance at baseline;(2) atrioventricular block requiring temporary cardiac pacemaker implantation;(3) use of IABP at baseline;(4) total contrast volume administered( primary PCI +staged PCI);(5) shorter time interval between primary PCI and staged PCI. Conclusions CIN is a frequent complication in patients with STEMI and MVCAD undergoing staged PCI. The development of CIN is associated with worse in-hospital and follow-up outcomes.     

Initial experience with multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention during mechanical reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction.

The feasibility and safety of simultaneous multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention during mechanical reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction was analyzed in a retrospective, case-controlled study. Patients who underwent multivessel coronary intervention had a higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes through 6 months compared with matched controls in whom coronary intervention was limited to the infarct-related artery.     

急性心肌梗死的延迟冠状动脉介入治疗

目的 探讨延迟冠状动脉介入治疗的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析我院2003年4月～2006年3月发病超过12h 110例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死病人的临床资料。根据其是否接受冠状动脉介入治疗分为：延迟冠脉介入治疗组42例及药物治疗组68例。记录并分析两组住院及随访期间主要心脏事件的发生情况。结果 两组的基本情况除介入治疗组病人的年龄较药物治疗组偏小外．其他临床特征差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。介入治疗手术成功率：95％（40／42）。导丝无法通过病变手术失败1例,术后并发蛛网膜下腔出血1例,术中无死亡病例。两组住院及随访期间主要心脏事件发生情况：介入治疗组累计死亡1例（3．1％）;药物治疗组累计死亡7例（10．3％）,介入治疗组明显低于药物治疗组（P〈0．001）。主要心脏事件发生率,住院期间介入治疗组为34．5％,药物治疗组为50．0％;随访期间介入治疗组为37．5％,药物治疗组为60．3％。两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论 与常规药物治疗相比,延迟冠状动脉介入治疗安全有效,能明显改善急性心肌梗死的预后。     

一次与分次经皮冠状动脉介入术完全血运重建对非ST段抬高型心肌梗死多支血管病变患者预后的影响

目的探讨一次经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)完全血运重建对非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)多支血管病变患者短期预后的影响。方法本研究为回顾性研究。选择2016年1月至2017年1月在陕西省第四人民医院住院治疗的NSTEMI多支血管病变患者为研究对象,根据介入性完全血运重建治疗策略的不同分为一次PCI组(60例)和分次PCI组(98例),比较两组围术期资料和主要并发症;术后随访12个月,比较两组心功能改善情况和主要不良心血管事件发生率。结果两组的年龄、性别、合并症、心功能和心肌酶等基线资料无明显差异(均为P>0.05)。此外,两组患者双支病变比例和人均支架置入数量均相似(均为P>0.05),但一次PCI组患者平均病变血管数量(2.2±0.6比2.8±0.5)、住院时间[(5.0±3.5)d比(11.2±6.4)d]和住院费用[(50 862.2±21 300.0)元比(66 522.1±27 445.0)元]较分次PCI组显著降低(均为P<0.05)。一次PCI组主要并发症较分次PCI组有增加趋势(13.3%比7.1%),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.21)。随访12个月,一次PCI组患者LVEF优于分次PCI组(59.6%±2.7%比54.2%±4.9%,P=0.03),且MACE发生率较分次PCI组显著降低[6(10.3%)比22(23.7%),P<0.0001]。结论本研究提示一次PCI完全血运重建可减少住院时间和住院费用,改善患者心功能和降低术后MACE发生率。     

Primary versus rescue percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: To compare angiographic and clinical outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus rescue PCI following failed thrombolysis. BACKGROUND: Patients presenting with AMI are treated either with primary PCI or with thrombolysis. When thrombolysis fails, rescue PCI is performed. METHODS AND RESULTS: We compared the outcome of 105 consecutive patients with AMI who underwent either primary PCI (60 patients) or rescue PCI (45 patients) between January 1997 and January 1999. The patients were followed for up to 6 months. Time delay to reperfusion was significantly longer in the rescue PCI group (354 vs. 189 min; p < 0.001). The majority of patients received a stent (93%). Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors were used in 53% of patients in the primary PCI group and in 22% in the rescue group. TIMI grade 3 flow was achieved in 93.3% of patients in the primary PCI group and in 88.8% in the rescue group (p = 0.08). Post-procedure ejection fraction was 53% in the primary PCI group and 47% in the rescue group (p = 0.014). A composite endpoint of death, recurrent MI, repeat PCI, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and recurrent angina at 6 months occurred in 35% of the patients in the primary PCI group and 26.7% in the rescue group (p = 0.36). CONCLUSION: Despite a significant delay to reperfusion and a lower immediate post-procedure ejection fraction, the clinical outcome of patients treated with rescue PCI following failed thrombolysis appears to be similar to that of patients treated with primary PCI at 6 months.     

经皮冠状动脉内支架置入术治疗急性心肌梗死165例的效果

目的：探讨经皮冠状动脉内支架置入术（PCI）治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）的临床疗效。方法：总结165例急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的PCI临床资料。结果：入选的165例AMI患者中单支病变45例（27．3％）,双支病变49例（29．7％）,三支或三支以上病变71例（43．0％）。165例患者行PCI,成功率98．8％,共置入支架205枚。梗死相关血管为前降支（LAD）90例（54．5％）,置入支架112枚;左回旋支（LCX）21例（12．7％）,置入支架23枚;右冠脉（RCA）54例（32．7％）,置入支架70枚。PCI术前出现心源性休克者18例（10．9％）,2例于术后死亡。结论：急性心肌梗死行经皮冠状动脉内支架置入术疗效肯定。     

Stroke complicating percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Stroke associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a tragic complication. Despite advances in the practice of PCI, the incidence of stroke complicating PCI has not changed over the decades. The objective of the present study was to evaluate incidence and correlates of stroke occurring in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing PCI. METHODS AND RESULTS: Stroke was defined as the presence of any new focal neurological deficit lasting > or =24 h that occurred anytime during or after PCI until discharge. In 2,281 consecutive patients with PCIs for non-ST-elevation MI, or ST-elevation MI (STEMI), 20 strokes were identified (0.88%). Strokes were ischemic in 95%. On multivariate analyses, ejection fraction < or =30% (odds ratio =4.3, p=0.003) was the only independent predictor for stroke. In patients who developed stroke within 24 h of PCI, PCI of vein grafts was more frequent, and use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor was less frequent. Those patients tended to present late in the course of MI. Stroke found more than 24 h after PCI was related to diabetes, higher serum creatinine, lower ejection fraction, anterior wall STEMI and emergency use of intra-aortic balloon pumps. CONCLUSIONS: Low ejection fraction was the only independent predictor for stroke, but risk factors for periprocedural stroke are different from those of stroke occurring more than 24 h after PCI. Upstream use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor might decrease the risk of periprocedural stroke.     

Multivessel disease in primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is currently the preferred revascularization strategy in acute trasmural myocardial infarction (AMI). In this setting, about one half of patients will be diagnosed with concomitant multivessel (MV) coronary artery disease, associated with a multitude of negative prognostic factors but also still an independent predictor of adverse cardiac events and increased long-term mortality. Since additional "angiographic" lesions found at primary PCI are not directly responsile for the acute presentation, their treatment represents a difficult decision-making problem in cardiology. The article summarizes available clinical data on treatment in this setting and also review our current understanding of short-term progression of atherosclerosis after AMI.     

Impact of multivessel disease on reperfusion success and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction.

AIMS: We sought to investigate the impact of multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) on reperfusion success and prognosis following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The influence of multivessel disease on myocardial reperfusion and subsequent survival after primary PCI has not been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the CADILLAC trial, primary PCI was performed in 2082 patients of any age with AMI within 12 h of symptom onset. Myocardial perfusion post-PCI assessed by ST-segment recovery and myocardial blush and clinical outcomes were stratified by the extent of CAD. Single-, double-, and triple-vessel disease were present in 1066 (51.2%), 692 (33.2%), and 324 (15.6%) patients, respectively. Patients with multivessel disease compared with those with single-vessel disease undergoing primary PCI were significantly more likely to have absent ST-segment recovery (13.3 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.01), though the rates of post-procedural TIMI-3 flow (89.7 vs. 88.9%, P = 0.66) and grade 2 or 3 myocardial blush (51.2 vs. 51.5%, P = 0.91) in the infarct vessel were comparable. By 1 year, the cumulative incidence of death for patients with single-, double-, and triple-vessel disease was 3.2, 4.4, and 7.8%, respectively (P = 0.003), and the composite rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was 14.8, 19.5, and 23.6%, respectively (P = 0.0006). By multivariable analysis, the presence of triple-vessel disease was the strongest predictor of 1-year death [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.60, P = 0.009], death and re-infarction (HR = 1.88, P = 0.03), and MACE (HR = 1.80, P = 0.0009). CONCLUSION: Patients with extensive CAD in vessels remote from the infarct-related artery have reduced reperfusion success and an adverse prognosis following primary PCI in AMI. Future studies regarding the optimal treatment of patients with multivessel disease and AMI are warranted.     

Benefit of revascularization in non-infarct-related artery in multivessel disease patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

This study compared the prognosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients with multivessel disease (MVD) with that of single vessel disease (SVD) and investigated the revascularization benefit of noninfarct-related artery (IRA) in MVD patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Between 2002 and 2009, 1278 patients with STEMI underwent primary PCI. Of these patients, 717 (56.1%) with SVD (only IRA obstruction) were placed in group A, while 561 (43.9%) with MVD (Group B) were further categorized into group 1 (PCI for IRA) and group 2 (staged PCI for IRA+non-IRA). The results demonstrated a lower degree of successful reperfusion in IRA and higher 30-day and 1-year cumulative mortality rates in group B (P < 0.001). While there was no difference in successful reperfusion in IRA between group 1 and group 2, the 30-day and one-year cumulative mortality rates were higher in group 1. Multivariate analysis identified MVD as an independent predictor of 1-year mortality (P < 0.001). In conclusion, patients with subsequent PCI for MVD had better 30-day and 1-year outcomes than those with conservative treatment.     

急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗联合应用替罗非班发生血小板减少症的临床分析——替罗非班可能的副作用

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者急诊直接PCI联合应用替罗非班期间发生血小板减少症的临床特点、处理及预后.方法 2005年4月至2007年1月,355例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者接受急诊介入治疗时联合应用替罗非班,其中6例发生血小板减少症,发生率为1.69%.6例患者中,5例为男性,年龄50～72岁.回顾性分析该6例患者的相关临床情况.结果 6例患者发生血小板减少的时间为接受替罗非班治疗后的1.5～12.0 h,血小板最低值为(11～85)×109/L,其中重度1例,极重度1例.停用替罗非班24～120 h后血小板计数值恢复正常.其中4例发生出血并发症,1例达到TIMI轻度出血标准;无输血小板和输红细胞病例,无再梗死及死亡病例.结论 急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗联合应用替罗非班过程中可以发生严重的血小板减少症,应该引起重视,在应用过程中需要加强监测.     

Complete versus culprit-only revascularization during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients with multivessel disease: A meta-analysis

Complete versus culprit-only revascularization in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with multivessel disease is controversial. Current guidelines recommend treatment of the culprit artery alone during the primary procedure. However, with improvements in stent technique and with the use of new antiplatelet drugs (GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors), complete revascularization (CR) at an early stage is attracting increasing attention. We conducted an English language search on Medline (PubMed database), Embase, and the Cochrane databases between January 1966 and January 2011, as well as a search on the China National Knowledge Internet (1979–January 2011), and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (1978–January 2011). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or non-RCTs that compared the two strategies in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease (MVD) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included. Thirteen articles were selected, 8240 patients in the CR group and 51,998 in the culprit-only revascularization group. CR was associated with an increased short-term mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (1.26, 1.53)], a long-term mortality [OR = 1.35, 95% CI = (1.09, 1.67)], and an increased risk of renal failure [OR (95% CI) = 1.24 (1.11, 1.38)] in patients with STEMI and MVD at the primary procedure. In addition, CR did not reduce the rate of short-term major adverse cardiac events [OR (95% CI) = 1.52 (0.88, 2.61)] and remyocardial infarction [OR = 0.57, 95% CI = (0.25, 1.29)]. However, CR was associated with a marked reduction in the rate of revascularization [OR = 0.45, 95% CI = (0.27, 0.74)]. This analysis of current available data demonstrates that CR during primary PCI can put those patients with STEMI and MVD at risk. To clarify this issue, large RCTs are needed.     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗同时处理非梗死相关血管的疗效研究

目的探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)同时处理存在严重狭窄的非梗死相关血管的安全性及1年随访期的疗效。方法将221例多支血管严重狭窄的急性STEMI患者,根据急诊PCI是否处理非梗死相关血管分为常规组(仅处理罪犯血管)179例及处理组(同时处理非梗死相关血管)42例,观察两组的住院时间、术后心绞痛症状、心功能状况、再次手术率、再次住院率、主要不良心血管事件(MACE,包括术后及随访期间心原性死亡、非致死性再次心肌梗死)发生率等的差异。结果两组患者在年龄、性别、体质指数、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血糖、血肌酐、吸烟史、糖尿病、高血压、发病至球囊扩张时间等方面,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。与常规组比较,术后处理组的心绞痛发生率降低(40.48%比60.34%,χ2=5.46,P=0.02)、再次手术率降低(9.52%比58.10%,χ2=32.13,P=0.00)和再次住院率减低(11.90%比27.93%,χ2=4.68,P=0.03)。处理组心功能状况优于常规组[(1.19±0.59)级比(1.49±0.89)级,t=2.66,P=0.01]。两组MACE发生率差异无统计学意义(4.76%比2.79%,χ2=0.03,P=0.87)。结论急性STEMI直接PCI同时处理存在严重狭窄的非梗死相关血管有助于减少心绞痛发作,降低再次手术率、再次住院率,改善心功能状况,且未增加MACE发生率,在预期成功率高的情况下可作为急性STEMI直接PCI的一种选择。