强直性脊柱炎合并Andersson病损的诊断及手术治疗

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎合并Andersson病损的发病机制、临床诊断特点及手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析自2008-01—2015-12行后路手术治疗的14例强直性脊柱炎合并胸腰段Andersson病损。比较手术前后疼痛VAS评分、ODI指数、全脊柱后凸Cobb角、脊髓神经功能Frankel分级。结果 14例均获得随访,随访时间平均23(6~60)个月。术前10例存在脊髓损伤,术后1例脊髓神经功能由C级改善至D级,2例由C级改善至E级,7例由D级改善至E级;术后仅1例存在脊髓损伤,13例脊髓神经功能正常;术后脊髓神经功能较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时疼痛VAS评分、ODI指数较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3 d全脊柱后凸Cobb角较术前明显减小,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);末次随访时全脊柱后凸Cobb角与术后3 d比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用后路手术治疗强直性脊柱炎合并Andersson病损可明显减轻患者胸背部疼痛,改善后凸畸形,促进脊柱节段融合,解除神经压迫,恢复神经系统功能,效果较为满意。     

后路全椎节切除、双轴旋转矫形手术治疗重度陈旧结核性后凸的疗效分析

目的:分析后路全椎节切除、双轴旋转矫形手术治疗重度陈旧结核性后凸的手术效果,探讨影响疗效的因素。方法:2004年5月~2011年9月,采用后路全椎节切除、双轴旋转矫形固定融合术治疗重度陈旧结核性后凸畸形患者33例。男15例,女18例;平均年龄34.7±14.1岁(11~63岁),其中年龄≥35岁18例,35岁15例;术前平均后凸角98.9°±18.2°(70.0°~130.0°),其中≥100°者17例,100°者16例;后凸顶点位于上中胸椎(T10及以上)19例,胸腰段及腰椎(T11及以下)14例。脊髓损伤Frankel分级A、B级各1例,C级5例,D级12例,E级14例。ODI术前平均19.5±9.4分。根据年龄、后凸顶点位置、后凸角度、术前Frankel分级、有无并发症等情况进行分组。对所有患者行手术前后及末次随访时的后凸局部和全脊柱正侧位X线摄片,测量后凸Cobb角,对合并侧凸的患者测量侧凸Cobb角。对手术前和随访时的患者进行脊柱矢状位平衡测量、实际身高测量、Frankel神经功能分级、Oswestry评分、VAS评分和手术PSI满意指数的评定。总结患者术中和术后并发症,并积极采取相应处理。结果:所有患者术前平均后凸Cobb角98.9°±18.2°,术后平均为30.9°±11.3°,矫正率为69.1%,末次随访时平均为34.8°±15.1°,矫正率为65.3%。患者脊柱矢状位平衡、身高测量、神经功能Frankel分级、生活质量Oswestry评分、腰背痛VAS评分均改善,手术总体满意率为87.9%。并发症发生率为54.5%,其中术中并发症12例、术后短期并发症2例、术后中远期并发症4例。所有并发症均及时采取相应处理。发生并发症者的总体后凸矫正率与未发生并发症者相当,但严重神经并发症发生者在神经功能恢复和生活质量改善方面均明显不如无并发症者。结论:后路全椎节切除、双轴旋转矫形手术是治疗重度陈旧结核性后凸畸形的有效方法,可以获得较好的手术效果,但需要尽量防止严重神经并发症的发生。     

单纯后路减压病灶清除内固定治疗伴神经损害的胸椎结核

目的评价一期后路减压、病灶清除并椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗伴有神经损害的胸椎结核的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2001年1月～2011年12月收治的病灶单发、位于胸椎且伴有神经损害的脊柱结核患者共22例,行一期后路减压、病灶清除并椎弓根螺钉内固定。术前神经功能Frankel分级B级2例,C级6例,D级14例。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术前术后神经功能改善情况及临床结核治疗情况。结果术后平均随访24.7个月,治愈率95.5%,神经功能改善率81.8%,术后神经功能与术前相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论一期后路减压、病灶清除并椎弓根螺钉内固定对于合并有神经损害的胸椎结核患者是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

手术治疗胸椎管狭窄症的效果分析

目的:探讨胸椎管狭窄症患者手术治疗的近期疗效.方法:2003年3月～2009年6月手术治疗胸椎管狭窄症患者21例,其中后路椎板切除减压术16例.经胸膜外或腹膜后侧前方入路椎间盘切除或椎体次全切除、植骨融合固定术4例,经胸腔侧前方人路椎体次全切除椎间植骨融合前路钢板固定术1例.观察并发症发生情况,记录术前、术后2周和末次随访时的神经功能Frankel分级及胸椎JOA评分,测量手术节段后凸Cobb角.结果:平均手术时间1.56min,平均术中出血量280ml,术中无血管损伤.6例发生术后并发症,其中单纯脑脊液漏2例,神经根损伤并脑脊液漏1例,硬膜外血肿1例,一过性神经功能损伤加重2例,均经处理后治愈.随访6～75个月.平均21个月,术后2周Frankel分级10例改善、11例无变化.末次随访时Frankel分级13例改善、8例无变化.术后2周、末次随访时JOA评分较术前改善(P<0.05),术后2周和末次随访时的平均改善率分别为42.8%、63.1%,优良率分别为28.6%、71.4%,总有效率均为85.8%.末次随访时多节段椎板切除减压患者手术节段后凸Cobb角较术前增加(P<0.05).结论:对胸椎管狭窄症患者采用后路椎板切除减压为主的手术治疗可获得较好的近期效果,但手术并发症发生率较高,多节段椎板切除可导致后凸角明显增加.     

强直性脊柱炎伴颈椎硬膜外血肿的诊治

目的总结强直性脊柱炎伴颈椎硬膜外血肿的特点和诊治方法。方法 1994年1月-2009年2月,收治4例外力作用后发生颈椎硬膜外血肿的强直性脊柱炎男性患者。年龄56～67岁,平均62.8岁。出现症状至入院时间为8 h～5 d,平均46 h。Frankel分级:B级2例,C级2例。MRI检查示硬膜外血肿位于C3～T2。1例行颈椎后路手术;2例并发Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭及1例并发高血压、劳力型心绞痛者,行保守治疗。结果手术治疗患者术后切口Ⅰ期愈合,获随访14个月,感觉平面由C6下降至C8,双上肢肌力较术前增加1级,双下肢肌力较术前无改善;Frankel分级为B级。保守治疗患者中,1例并发Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭者死亡;其余2例患者分别获随访12、18个月,感觉平面、双上下肢肌力及Frankel分级与治疗前比较均无改善。结论颈椎硬膜外血肿是强直性脊柱炎的少见并发症,多由轻微过伸伤引起,常迟发性出现临床症状,MRI是首选诊断方法,预后较差。     

原发性化脓性脊柱炎的临床表现及治疗方式选择

目的探讨原发性化脓性脊柱炎的临床表现及其治疗方式的选择及疗效。方法回顾性分析自2011年7月至2016年2月,我科收治的18例原发性化脓性脊柱炎患者的临床表现及影像学特征,包括男性12例,女性6例;年龄18~74岁,平均年龄45岁。所有患者均有不同程度的腰背部疼痛史。对18例患者均采取抗生素抗感染、卧床及制动,其中14例患者因保守治疗效果不佳行经后路椎间隙病灶清除、植骨融合内固定术治疗。结果保守治疗的4例患者腰部疼痛缓解,后期随访12~21个月未见复发。手术治疗的14例患者未出现医源性脊髓及神经损伤,除1例患者术后出现伤口感染并经换药后愈合,其余手术患者切口均为一期愈合;5例术前有神经症状的患者,术后神经症状消失;出院随访6~36个月,平均18个月,腰痛症状明显改善或消失,未见感染复发,X线片检查提示椎间隙融合,内固定无松动及断裂。术后Oswestry功能障碍指数评分明显下降,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论原发性化脓性脊柱炎容易误诊或延误治疗,部分患者可通过保守治疗治愈,对于病程较长且合并明显的椎体和椎间盘破坏、脊柱不稳或神经受压症状者,往往需要手术治疗,经后路椎间隙病灶清除、植骨融合内固定术可取得良好的效果。     

胸椎间盘突出合并胸椎黄韧带骨化症的手术治疗

目的回顾性研究胸椎间盘突出症(TDH)合并胸椎黄韧带骨化症(OTLF)患者前后路一期手术的临床疗效。方法1999年1月~2005年12月收治5例TDH合并OTLF患者,其中男3例,女2例;年龄41~65岁,平均55岁。病程1~58个月,平均18个月。术前Frankel分级:B级1例,C级3例,D级1例。采用一期前路经胸胸椎侧前方椎间盘切除减压植骨内固定加后路全椎板切除椎管减压手术治疗。术后按JOA评分及H irabayash i功能改善率评价手术疗效。结果随访6~50个月,平均20个月。术前JOA评分2~9分,平均5.1分;术后末次随访时5~10分,平均9.1分;平均功能改善率为78.9%。术后末次随访时Frankel分级:C级1例,D级4例。并发症:肺不张1例;双下肢肌力较术前下降1级1例。未发生严重并发症。结论在有条件的医院,一期经胸腔前后路手术是治疗TDH合并OTLF患者可行和疗效较好的治疗方法。     

胸椎管狭窄症手术指征及时机探讨

目的总结胸椎管狭窄症手术治疗结果,探讨胸椎管狭窄症手术指征及手术时机。方法回顾性分析影像学检查狭窄及有临床症状的胸椎管狭窄症患者17例。6例影像学多间隙狭窄患者中仅对有临床症状节段行手术治疗,而无临床症状的影像学狭窄节段未予手术减压。手术前后Frankel分级评定。结果17例随访6-57个月,Frankel A级1例无恢复;B级2例1例无恢复、1例恢复为C级;C级5例恢复为D级3例、E级2例;D级9例恢复为E级8例、1例仍为D级但有改善。结论有临床症状且有影像学证实的胸椎管狭窄应尽早行手术减压治疗,远离目标减压节段的影像学狭窄不需手术。     

侧前方经胸手术入路治疗钙化的巨大胸椎椎间盘突出

目的探讨侧前方经胸手术入路治疗钙化的巨大胸椎椎间盘突出的安全性及有效性。方法 2004年4月～2010年9月,15例钙化的巨大胸椎椎间盘突出患者行侧前方经胸减压内固定融合术,其中男11例,女4例;33～61岁,平均46岁。回顾性分析15例患者的手术效果和并发症。记录椎间盘突出的节段、类型,手术时间,出血量,手术前后Frankel分级和日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopedic Association,JOA）评分,以及术后并发症。通过手术前后影像学资料分析减压、脊柱序列及内固定情况。结果 15例患者中,2例患者为双节段胸椎椎间盘突出。突出钙化的巨大椎间盘位于T6～12各间隙,主要位于T11/T12（60%）;40%为中央型突出,60%为旁中央型突出。通过侧前方经胸手术,成功切除所有突出钙化的巨大椎间盘。平均手术时间为179 min（140～210 min）,平均出血量为840 mL（300～2 000 mL）。术后9例患者Frankel分级有所改善,末次随访时12例患者的Frankel分级改善1级,没有Frankel分级降低的情况。术后JOA评分由4.9升至7.7,改善率为（46.8±21.41）%。所有患者均自觉症状较术前有所好转。平均随访时间为45个月（7～77个月）。1例患者术后并发肺炎,1例出现心脏意外,2例出现切口处肋间神经痛。经有效治疗,4例患者最终均获得满意疗效。结论钙化的巨大胸椎椎间盘突出导致脊髓严重受压,手术难度大、风险高,侧前方经胸减压内固定植骨融合术是有效安全的手术方法。     

胸椎椎弓根螺钉治疗上胸椎严重骨折

目的：探讨胸椎椎弓根螺钉治疗上胸椎严重骨折的方法及疗效。方法：自2000年3月至2008年6月回顾性分析18例上胸椎严重骨折患者的临床资料,男10例,女8例;年龄20～76岁,平均34.3岁。按Denis分型：爆裂骨折15例,骨折伴脱位3例。损伤节段：T1-T22例,T32例,T3-T42例,T4-T58例,T5-T62例。Wolter外伤性椎管狭窄分型：Ⅰ型9例,Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型2例。Frankel分级：A级5例,B级4例,C级2例,D级4例,E级3例。均采用后路胸椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗,手术前后通过影像观察Cobb角及椎管狭窄度,通过Frankel分级的变化评估神经症状,通过CT复查术后椎弓根螺钉与椎弓根的位置。结果：18例患者均获随访,时间1～6年,平均2.3年。Cobb角由术前的（26.50±5.62）°改善为术后的（21.20±3.54）°（P〈0.05）;椎管内占位改善率61%。术后Frankel分级：A级4例,B级2例,C级3例,D级3例,E级6例,手术前后Frankel分级有明显改善（P〈0.05）。CT复查示椎弓根螺钉88.5%（69/78）位于椎弓根内。结论：后路椎弓根螺钉固定方法是坚强、安全、有效的胸椎严重骨折的治疗方法。     

Surgical treatment of infectious spondylitis in patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy

Treatment of infectious spondylitis in hemodialysis patients remains a challenge because of comorbidities. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on the clinical manifestations and surgical outcomes of patients with spinal infection. Sixteen patients who underwent surgical intervention were included. There were 3 thoracic and 13 lumbar lesions. All patients presented with intractable back pain at the start of treatment. Six patients had a fever, nine had inflammation at the hemodialysis access site, and six of them had concomitant bacteremia. Ten patients had an elevated leukocyte count. Serological tests indicated an elevation of the C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate level in all patients. Five patients had a neurological compromise. Postoperative complications included two mortalities, two iliac bone graft and implant dislodgement, and one retroperitoneal wound dehiscence. The preoperative mean visual analog scale score was 7.7 (range, 6–9), which improved to 3.4 (range, 2–5) at the final follow-up for 14 surviving patients. Neurological improvement was obtained by at least one grade in four Frankel C category patients. The radiographs revealed a good bony fusion in 12 cases although with a variable bone graft subsidence. In conclusion, early diagnosis of infectious spondylitis is difficult due to latent symptoms. A spine infection should be suspected in hemodialysis patients with severe back pain, even when they are afebrile. Surgical intervention for infectious spondylitis in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis can be performed with acceptable outcomes; however, the complication and mortality rates are relative high.     

一期前路病灶清除钛网植骨融合内固定治疗下颈椎结核

目的总结一期前路病灶清除钛网植骨融合内固定治疗颈椎结核的临床疗效。方法 2008年7月至2011年12月,采用一期前路病灶清除钛网植骨融合内固定治疗下颈椎结核15例,男9例,女6例;年龄32~71岁,平均55岁。病灶累及两个椎体者11例,其中C3~41例,C4~52例,C5~64例,C6~74例;累及3个椎体者4例,均为C5~7。颈椎后凸Cobb角为22°~46°,平均35°。神经功能按Frankel分级,B级2例,C级3例,D级8例,E级2例。术前抗结核药物治疗2周以上,术后继续抗结核治疗12~18个月。随访观察患者临床症状改善和植骨融合情况。结果手术均顺利完成,术中无大血管、脊髓、食道、气管损伤。切口均一期愈合,未发生感染及窦道形成。随访20~60个月,平均30.6个月。患者临床症状及神经功能有不同程度恢复,神经功能1例B级恢复至D级,其余均达E级。术后末次随访后凸Cobb角0°~5°,平均2.6°,较术前明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。患者植骨均完全融合,融合时间3~5个月,平均3.5个月,无内固定松动、脱落、折断、结核复发等并发症。结论在规范抗结核治疗的基础上,一期前路病灶清除钛网植骨融合内固定是治疗下颈椎结核的有效方法 。     

Pyogenic spondylodiscitis of the thoracic and lumbar spine : a new classification and guide for surgical decision-making

Despite modern diagnostic imaging options pyogenic infections of the spine are often detected tardily and therefore accompanied by a high mortality rate. To ensure an efficient and adequate therapy it is necessary to identify and treat the focus of inflammation. The recommendations for the operative strategy are still a highly controversial issue. On the other hand no classification and guidelines for surgical treatment and treatment strategies of pyogenic spinal infection have yet been published. Pyogenic spinal infections are often underestimated in frequency of occurrence and severity of symptoms. From 1994 until 2008, 269?patients suffering from an infection of the thoracic and lumbar spine were treated in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery Heidelberg and 221?patients underwent surgery. Within the scope of a clinical trial clinical aspects and therapeutic consequences of patients with pyogenic spinal infections were retrospectively investigated. Based on the study data a classification of pyogenic spinal infections of the thoracic and lumbar spine and a guide for surgical decision-making was developed.     

后路Ⅰ期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸椎、胸腰段脊柱结核

目的探讨后路Ⅰ期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸椎、胸腰段脊柱结核的临床效果。方法自2006年1月～2009年1月共治疗胸椎及胸腰段脊柱结核37例,对其中椎体破坏较严重、有明显后凸及侧弯畸形的17例患者采用后路Ⅰ期病灶清除植骨内固定矫正畸形。术前神经功能评价按Frankel分级标准:B级1例,C级8例,D级7例,E级1例。结果随访12～36个月,平均18个月。局部疼痛和下肢放射性麻痛症状均缓解,术后Frankel分级明显改善(C级1例,D级5例,E级11例),植骨均达骨性融合标准。脊柱后凸Cobb角从术前的(36.8±9.0)°降至术后的(17.5±3.5)°,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);随访1年未见明显矫正丢失(与术后比较,P0.05)。结论后路Ⅰ期病灶清除植骨内固定能够彻底清除病灶,矫正后凸畸形,可用于治疗部分重度胸椎、胸腰段脊柱结核。     

腰椎布鲁杆菌病性脊椎炎的诊断与治疗

目的探讨腰椎布鲁杆菌病性脊椎炎的诊断与治疗。方法将2003年1月至2012年12月本科室收治的36例腰椎布鲁杆菌病性脊椎炎患者进行流行病学、临床、影像学、实验室和病理学检查,并采用药物和手术病灶清除术进行治疗。对治疗后3、6和12个月临床疗效进行评价。采用SPSS15．0统计软件包进行分析。结果本组36例患者入院前行腰椎X线、CT及MRI检查均被误诊,其中32例被X线和CT误诊为脊柱结核,误诊率为88．88％;24例MRI误诊为脊柱结核,误诊率为66．66％。所有患者入院后经流行病调查均有布鲁杆菌病流行病学史,临床表现符合感染性脊柱炎,实验室检查RBPT或SAT、CFT、Coomb’s阳性,CT及MRI影像学具有特征性表现,病原学检查结果显示7例阳性,11例组织活检镜下符合布鲁杆菌病病理学表现。入组患者中20例（A组）选择药物治疗,其余16例（B组）伴有马尾、神经根受压症状、腰椎不稳定和腰大肌或椎旁脓肿者行手术治疗。本组36例均获随访,随访时间为12～24个月,平均18个月;20例非手术治疗者全身症状和局部症状消失或改善明显,疗效好,无药物不良反应及肝肾功能异常发生;16例手术患者关节突间和（或）横突问植骨均愈合,脊柱稳定,无复发。临床疗效评价显示各组后1个时间点的治愈率与前1个时间点比较差异具有统计学意义（p〈0．05）,且在相同时间点A组和B组治愈率比较,差异均具有统计学意义（x^2=159．874,P〈0．05）。结论腰椎布鲁杆菌病性脊椎炎的流行病学、临床症状、影像学、检验学及病理学具有特征性表现,可作出早期诊断和鉴别诊断。正确的掌握非手术和手术治疗适应证均可取得较好的临床疗效。     

Hematogenous pyogenic spinal infections and their surgical management

STUDY DESIGN: Mainly a retrospective study of 101 cases of pyogenic spinal infection, excluding postoperative infections. Data were obtained through medical record review, imaging examination, and patient follow-up evaluation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Hematogenous pyogenic spinal infection has been described variously as spondylodiscitis, discitis, vertebral osteomyelitis, and epidural abscess. Recommended treatment options have included conservative methods (antibiotics and bracing) and surgical intervention. However, a comprehensive classification that would aid in diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis has not yet been devised. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the bacteriology, pathologic entities, complications, and results of treatment options for pyogenic spinal infection. METHOD: All patients received plain radiographs, gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans, and bone/gallium radionuclide studies. All patients had tissue biopsies. Bacteriology, hematology, and predisposing factors were analyzed. All patients received intravenous and oral antibiotics. A total of 58 patients underwent surgery. Patient outcomes were correlated with clinical status, with treatment method and, where applicable, with location and nature of epidural compression. Statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: Spondylodiscitis occurred most commonly with primary epidural abscess, spondylitis, discitis, and pyogenic facet arthropathy, all occurring rarely. Staphylococcus aureus was the main organism. Infection elsewhere was the most common predisposing factor. Leukocyte counts were elevated in 42.6% of spondylodiscitis cases. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in all cases of epidural abscess. There were 35 cases of epidural abscess (frank abscess, 29; granulation tissue, 6). Epidural abscess complicating spondylodiscitis occurred most often in the cervical spine, followed by thoracic and lumbar areas. The rate of paraplegia or paraparesis also was highest in cervical and thoracic regions. There were no cases of quadriplegia. All patients with either epidural granulation tissue or paraparesis recovered completely after surgical decompression. Only 18% of patients with frank epidural abscess and 23% of patients with paralysis recovered completely after surgical decompression. Patients with spondylodiscitis who were treated nonsurgically reported residual back pain more often (64%) than patients treated surgically (26.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Pyogenic spinal infection can be thought of as a spectrum of disease comprising spondylitis, discitis, spondylodiscitis, pyogenic facet arthropathy, and epidural abscess. Spondylodiscitis is more prone to develop epidural abscesses in the cervical spine (90%) than the thoracic (33.3%) or lumbar (23.6%) areas. Thecal sac neurocompression has a greater chance of causing neurologic deficit in the thoracic spine (81.8%). Treatment of neurologic deficit caused by epidural abscess is prompt surgical decompression, with or without fusion. Patients with frank abscess had less favorable outcomes than those with granulation tissue, and paraplegia responded to treatment more poorly than paraparesis. Surgery was preferable to nonsurgical treatment for improving back pain.     

一期病灶清除联合后路椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎布鲁杆菌病性脊椎炎

目的探讨布鲁杆菌病性脊椎炎有效的外科治疗方法及临床效果。方法 2002年1月-2010年10月,对78例具有手术指征的胸腰椎布鲁杆菌病性脊椎炎患者采用一期病灶清除联合后路椎弓根内固定治疗。男42例,女36例;年龄24～65岁,平均45岁。病程8～29个月,平均12个月。2个椎体受累70例,3个椎体受累8例。均合并不同程度神经功能损伤。术后随访行疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、神经功能Frankel分级、临床疗效评价以及X线片、MRI影像学观察。结果术后78例均获随访,随访时间12～30个月,平均26个月。无窦道形成及复发。术前及术后1、3、6、12个月VAS评分分别为(9.2±0.6)、(2.4±0.3)、(1.0±0.2)、(0.5±0.4)及0分,术后各时间点均较术前显著改善(P<0.05)。术后各时间点神经功能Frankel分级均较术前显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中C、D级改善最为显著。临床疗效评价:术后12个月内均无加重患者;随时间推移,改善及无变化患者逐渐转向痊愈,术后12个月改善率和痊愈率分别为100%和91.03%。影像学评价:术前及术后1、3、6、12个月影像学盲测评价指标评分分别为(0.17±0.03)、(4.11±0.09)、(4.68±0.04)、(4.92±0.08)及5分,术后各时间点均较术前显著改善(P<0.05)。结论一期病灶清除联合后路椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎布鲁杆菌病性脊椎炎,在解除疼痛、稳定脊柱、恢复神经功能及早期康复方面均有明显优势。     

One-stage combined anterior-posterior surgery for thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis

Context: Surgical intervention is imperative when spinal tuberculosis (TB) is accompanied by severe spinal damage or kyphotic deformity. As one-stage anterior-only or posterior-only surgery for thoracic and lumbar spinal TB has many disadvantages, combined anterior-posterior surgery was proposed to be a more effective strategy.Objective: To examine the clinical outcomes of one-stage combined anterior-posterior surgery for patients with spinal TB.Design: Retrospective investigation design.Setting: All patients were enrolled at the Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital between August 2002 and October 2014.Participants: Sixty-seven patients with thoracic and lumbar spinal TB were studied.Interventions: All patients were treated with one-stage surgery using a combined anterior-posterior approach.Outcome measures: The patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by measuring their neurological function using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Frankel grades, and spinal deformity using the Cobb angle and radiological examinations. All patients were followed up for at least 11 months and up to 96 months.Results: There was a significant postoperative improvement in neurological outcomes, according to VAS scores and Frankel grades. Kyphotic angles were corrected significantly and were maintained during the final follow-up. Bone fusion was achieved within 4–7 months.Conclusion: One-stage surgical treatment via a combined anterior-posterior approach is an effective and feasible method for treating spinal TB.     

One-stage surgical management for multilevel tuberculous spondylitis of the upper thoracic region by anterior decompression, strut autografting, posterior instrumentation, and fusion

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective clinical study of 1-stage surgical management for multilevel tuberculous spondylitis of the upper thoracic region (MTSUTR). OBJECTIVE: MTSUTR has rarely been documented in the literature. We present a retrospective clinical study of 23 patients with MTSUTR treated by anterior decompression, strut autografting, posterior instrumentation, and fusion. The purpose was to determine the clinical efficacy of such surgical treatment for MTSUTR. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: It is considered safe and effective to treat surgically tuberculous spondylitis with local spinal cord compression. Many reports have documented a good clinical efficacy of surgical management for spinal tuberculosis. However, how to deal with MTSUTR is rarely reported in the literature. METHODS: There were 14 men and 9 women, with average age of 35 years. All patients underwent 1 stage anterior debridement, strut autografting, and posterior instrumentation and received combined medication antituberculosis chemotherapy for 12 to 24 months (average 18 mo). The following data were followed up for an average period of 42 months (24 to 60 mo) in these patients: deformity angle, neurologic function, and spinal bony fusion. RESULTS: The average preoperative deformity angle was 44 degrees, correcting to 20-degree postoperatively and 24 degrees at final follow up. In the series, 19 patients with preoperative neurologic deficit restored by 1.3 grades according to Frankel. All patients got bony spinal fusion within 6 months postoperatively. There was no recurrent tuberculous infection. CONCLUSIONS: Single-stage anterior debridement, strut autografting, posterior instrumentation, and fusion proved safe and effective for MTSUTR, which can achieve goals of complete spinal cord decompression and good deformity correction.     

Two-stage surgical management using posterior instrumentation, anterior debridement and allografting for tuberculosis of the lower lumbar spine in children of elementary school age: minimum 3-year follow-up of 14 patients

Purpose

Various surgical methods have been described for the management of lumbar tuberculous spondylitis in the literature. However, there were few reports on the two-stage surgical treatment of lumbar tuberculosis in children of elementary school age. We present a retrospective clinical study of 14 patients with lumbar and lumbosacral tuberculous spondylitis treated by two-stage surgery (first stage: posterior instrumentation; second stage: anterior debridement and allografting). The purpose is to determine the clinical efficacy of such surgical treatment for lumbar tuberculosis in children.

Method

Our series was comprised 9 males and 5 females with an average age of 7.5?years treated with the abovementioned surgical procedure. All patients had lumbar and lumbosacral involvement with one patient having spondylitis at L2–3, three at L3–4, seven at L4–5, and three at L5–S1. All patients had single motion segment involvement. The Frankel scoring system was used to assess the neurological deficits. Frankel’s grade B in two patients, grade C in four and grade D in eight. The following data were followed-up for an average period of 50.1?months (42–64?months) in these patients: healing of disease, deformity correction and its maintenance, neurologic function, and spinal bony fusion.

Results

The average preoperative local deformity angle was ?13.8°, correcting to 3.4° postoperatively and 1.5° at the final follow-up. With the exception of one patient who received a D at the final follow-up, all cases obtained complete neurological recovery. No breakage and looseness of internal fixation was found. Bony fusion was achieved in all cases within 6?months postoperatively. There was no recurrent tuberculous infection.

Conclusion

Two-stage (posterior and anterior) surgery is a safe and effective procedure for the patient of elementary school age suffering from lumbar and lumbosacral tuberculous spondylitis, especially for the patients in poor general condition. The procedure has the advantage of minor surgical invasion, effective kyphosis correction and less complications.