子宫内膜癌中STAT3蛋白的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨STAT3基因蛋白在子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜上皮内瘤变及正常子宫内膜组织中的表达及意义,探讨其与子宫内膜癌临床病理参数间的关系.方法:运用组织芯片技术与免疫组织化学相结合的方法检测45例子宫内膜癌组织、30例癌旁子宫内膜上皮内瘤变组织及30例癌旁正常子宫内膜组织中STAT3蛋白的表达,分析其与临床病理特征之间的关系.结果:STAT3蛋白在子宫内膜癌组织中的阳性表达率为73.3％,在癌旁子宫内膜上皮内瘤变组织中的阳性率为16.7％,在癌旁正常子宫内膜组织中的阳性表达率为0％,子宫内膜癌组织中的阳性表达率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001),与子宫内膜癌患者的肿瘤分化程度有关,高分化组的阳性表达率低于中-低分化组(P＜0.05),与肿瘤临床分期、患者年龄、肌层浸润及绝经情况无关(P＞0.05).结论:子宫内膜癌组织中STAT3呈高表达,STAT3的阳性表达率与肿瘤分化程度相关,高分化的子宫内膜癌组的阳性表达率明显低于中-低分化组,可能与子宫内膜癌的发生发展有关.     

PTEN蛋白在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨抑癌基因PTEN在子宫内膜癌中表达及临床意义.方法 采用免疫组化法检测子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜不典型增生和正常子宫内膜组织中PTEN蛋白的表达,并分析其与临床的相关性.结果 子宫内膜癌组织中PTEN的表达缺失率明显高于子宫内膜不典型增生和正常子宫内膜(P＜0.001),而与增生的严重程度、病理分级有关(P <0.05),但与肌层浸润深度和淋巴结转移无明显相关(P >0.05).结论 PTEN蛋白的表达缺失与子宫内膜癌的发生有关,其在子宫内膜不典型增生发展到子宫内膜癌起到重要作用.     

Survivin在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究子宫内膜癌中survivin基因的表达及其临床意义。方法采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测26例人子宫内膜恶性肿瘤、17例正常内膜、3例癌前病变(子宫内膜不典型增生),3例良性病变(子宫内膜单纯或复杂型增生)组织样品中survivinmRNA的表达。结果26例子宫内膜癌组织中,Survivin mRNA相对表达量为0.7660±0.0447,明显高于正常组织0.4577±0.0345,P<0.05。并且晚期子宫内膜癌组织的Survivin mRNA表达量高于早期子宫内膜癌,而Survivin mRNA表达量与患者年龄、是否绝经、肌层有无侵犯无明显相关。结论Survivin mRNA在子宫内膜癌组织的表达量高于正常内膜组织,并且其表达水平与子宫内膜癌疾病进展有相关性,提示Survivin基因转录水平异常可能在子宫内膜癌的发生发展中起重要作用。     

PGC-1α和ERRγ在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体辅激活因子1α(PGC-1α)及雌激素受体相关受体γ(ERRγ)在子宫内膜组织中的表达和临床意义及两者的相关性.方法:采用免疫组织化学链霉亲和素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物技术(streptavidin biotin-peroxidase complex method,SABC)检测子宫内膜癌组织80例、正常子宫内膜组织15例、子宫内膜增生症25例中的PGC-1 α和ERRγ的表达情况,分析其与临床病理参数的关系.结果:子宫内膜癌组织中,PGC-1α的阳性表达率为53.75％,ERRγ的阳性表达率为56.25％,显著高于正常子宫内膜组织及子宫内膜增生症,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在子宫内膜癌组织中,PGC-1α和ERRγ的阳性表达率Ⅲ+ ⅣV期组高于Ⅰ+Ⅱ期组、肌层浸润深度≥1/2组高于＜1/2组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),ERRγ的阳性表达率在ER(+)组高于ER(-)组,差异有统计学意义(P =0.043).在子宫内膜癌组织中PGC-1α和ERRγ表达呈正相关(rs=0.243,P＜0.05).结论:PGC-1α和ERRγ在子宫内膜癌中常呈阳性表达,且与恶性程度相关,二者表达具有相关性,PGC-1α和ERRγ有望成为预测子宫内膜癌恶性程度的潜在生物学指标.     

PTEN蛋白表达与子宫内膜癌的相关性研究

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌中抑癌基因PTEN的表达,及其与子宫内膜癌临床病理特征及预后的关系.方法:采用免疫组化检测16例正常子宫内膜、32例子宫内膜癌组织中PTEN蛋白的表达,分析其与临床病理的相关性.结果:抑癌基因PTEN在子宫内膜癌组中蛋白阳性表达显著低于正常子宫内膜组(P<0.01).PTEN阳性表达的缺失与组织学分级与肌层浸润深度有关(P<0.05).结论:PTEN基因突变及蛋白表达缺失与子宫内膜癌的发生有关,与子宫内膜癌的分化程度、肌层浸润深度有相关性.     

PGRMC1在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:检测孕激素膜受体1（PGRMC1）在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达,探讨其表达与子宫内膜癌的临床病理参数、预后的关系及其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜不典型增生及正常子宫内膜组织中PGRMC1的表达,分析PGRMC1表达与子宫内膜癌的临床病理参数及患者预后的关系。结果:PGRMC1在子宫内膜癌组织中的阳性表达率最高（98.61%）,明显高于子宫内膜不典型增生（62.07%）及正常子宫内膜组织（4.17%）,P均<0.05。PGRMC1在Ⅰ型（雌激素依赖型）子宫内膜癌中的强阳性表达率（76.5%）明显高于Ⅱ型（非雌激素依赖型）（50.0%）,P<0.05。PGRMC1的强阳性表达还与子宫内膜癌中ER、PR表达水平相关（P均<0.05）。PGRMC1的表达与FIGO分期、病理分级、淋巴结转移及浸润深度均未见明显相关性（P均>0.05）。PGRMC1表达虽与子宫内膜癌患者生存时间无明显相关,但在透明细胞癌中,PGRMC1强阳性表达的患者预后不良。Cox分析结果显示,FIGO分期晚、浸润深度≥1/2肌层是影响子宫内膜癌患者预后的独立危险因素。结论:PGRMC1在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达最高,与子宫内膜癌的发生相关。PGRMC1的强阳性表达与子宫内膜癌发病类型及ER、PR表达水平相关。PGRMC1强阳性表达的子宫内膜透明细胞癌患者的预后不良。     

子宫内膜癌组织中Bim蛋白表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨促凋亡基因Bim在子宫内膜癌发生与发展中的作用.方法:应用免疫组化SP方法检测11例正常增殖期子宫内膜、13例非典型增生子宫内膜及55例子宫内膜癌Bim蛋白的表达.结果:在子宫内膜癌组织Bim表达阳性率为47.2%,明显低于正常增殖期内膜组织(100%)及非典型增生内膜组织(76.9%),三者之间比较有显著差异(x2=7.944,P＜0.05).而在子宫内膜癌各组织分级、临床分期及肌层浸润程度之间,Bim蛋白表达阳性率均无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论:Bim蛋白表达改变与子宫内膜癌的发生密切相关.     

miRNA-367在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理参数的关系

目的:应用逆转录实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR)检测子宫内膜癌组织miR-367表达水平,并探讨不同病理分期、组织分化、肌层浸润深度、淋巴转移及脉管浸润等临床病理参数之间的关系及临床意义.方法:本实验分别收集了61例子宫内膜癌组织及56例正常子宫内膜组织,运用定量real-time PCR检测miR-367在子宫内膜癌组织中及正常子宫内膜组织的表达量的差异,并运用统计学方法分析miR-367与临床病理参数之间的相关性.结果:在子宫内膜癌组织及正常子宫内膜组织之间发现miR-367存在显著差异性表达,其中占85.25%的子宫内膜癌组织miR-367的表达水平低于正常内膜组织(P<0.05);在子宫内膜癌病例中,miR-367表达水平与肿瘤病理分期(FIGO分期)、组织分化程度及肌层浸润深度三种临床病理参数之间存在着统计学联系:miR-367低水平表达的病例通常表现出分化程度更低(P=0.001<0.05)和对肌层浸润程度更深(P=0.000 3<0.05)的特点.与年龄、淋巴转移、脉管浸润及远处转移无关(P>0.05).统计学分析,还得出在FIGO分期Ⅲ-IV期子宫内膜癌病例中miR-367的表达水平显著低于FIGO分期I、II期内膜癌(P<0.05).结论:在子宫内膜癌组织中miR-367在癌组织和正常组织之间有统计学差异;miR-367表达水平与子宫内膜癌临床病理参数中的病理分期、组织分化程度及肌层浸润深度有统计学差异,并且它可能作为子宫内膜癌发生及发展的生物学标志.     

雌孕激素受体、p53、C-erbB-2在子宫内膜癌的表达及临床意义

[目的]探讨ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及其临床意义.[方法]采用SP法对32例子宫内膜癌和12例正常增生期子宫内膜标本进行ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2的检测.[结果]正常增生子宫内膜与子宫内膜癌组织中ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2表达阳性率分别为91.67%、83.33%、8.33%、16.67%及46.88%、4063%、53.13%、62.5%,两者比较有明显差异(P＜0.05).子宫内膜癌ER、PR表达在G1与G3之间差异有高度显著性(P＜0.001),G1与G2之间差异有显著性(P＜0.05),但与临床分期无关(P＞0.05);p53、C-erbB-2表达在Ⅰ期与Ⅲ期之间、G1与G3之间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).[结论]ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2的异常表达可能在子宫内膜癌的发生、发展过程中起着重要作用,ER和PR的表达可作为内分泌治疗的参考指标.     

LRP16基因在子宫内膜癌组织中表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨LRP16 mRNA在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法 采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测子宫内膜癌组织及正常增生期子宫内膜组织中LRP16 mRNA的表达水平.结果 LRP16 mRNA阳性表达率与组织学分级、手术-病理分期及子宫肌层浸润深度均有关(P＜0.05).结论 LRP16 mRNA...     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.