Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in eyes with cystoid macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion

PURPOSE: To evaluate treatment of cystoid macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. METHODS: This study included 10 eyes of nine patients with perfused central retinal vein occlusion with visual acuity of 20/50 or worse. Following baseline evaluation, including best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), fluorescein angiography, and volumetric optical coherence tomography (VOCT), triamcinolone acetonide (4 mg in 0.1 ml) was injected into the vitreous cavity. RESULTS: Mean duration from the time of diagnosis to the intravitreal injection was 15.4 months. All 10 eyes demonstrated biomicroscopic improvement in cystoid macular edema with corresponding improvement in VOCT measurements from a mean of 4.2 mm(3) preinjection to a mean of 2.6 mm(3) at last follow-up (P <.001). Mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 58 letters (range, 37-72) at baseline to 78 letters (range, 50-100 letters) at last follow-up (average, 4.8 months). The visual acuity improvement was statistically significant (P =.01). Six eyes (60%) were > or =20/50. There were no significant complications. Three eyes (30%) without previous history of glaucoma required initiation of topical aqueous suppressant therapy for IOP elevation at last follow-up. One eye with a previous history of open-angle glaucoma required a trabeculectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide appears to be effective in reducing cystoid macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion. This reduction often corresponded to an improvement in visual acuity. Further evaluation is warranted to assess its safety and efficacy in these eyes.     

Effects of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Injection on Macular Edema and Visual Prognosis in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Aim To determine the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone injection on macular edema and the visual prognosis in cases with CRVO. Methods Eyes with CRVO were classified as ischemic or nonischemic according to extend of retinal capillary nonperfusion. The patients received intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (4 mg/0.1 ml). A complete ophthalmologic evaluation together with flourescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed for each patient at presentation and at follow-up visits. The functional and anatomical results of both groups were assessed separately. Results A total of 22 eyes (11 ischemic, 11 nonischemic) were included in the study. Mean duration of symptoms before steroid injection was 4.9±5.5 months. Mean follow-up time was 11.5±2.4. All the eyes completed at least 9 months of examination. At least 3 lines of visual acuity increase using snellen visual acuity chart was observed in 81.8% of the eyes in nonischemic group, while only in 18.2% of the eyes in the ischemic group. In ischemic group, the mean foveal thickness was 766±320.7 μm at presentation, which significantly decreased to 441.7±166.9 μm at 9th month. In nonischemic group, the mean foveal thickness was 667±223 μm at presentation, which significantly decreased to 320±175.5 at 9th month. Significant IOP elevation was observed in 8 (36.4%) of the eyes, 75% of which could be controlled with medical treatment. Conclusion Intravitreal triamcinolone injection may be a promising and effective method for the treatment of macular edema associated with CRVO. Although anatomical results are similar in both groups, functional results are better in non-ischemic CRVO cases.     

Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment of macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion: a short-term study

PURPOSE: To report the short term anatomic and visual acuity response after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech) in patients with macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of patients with macular edema due to CRVO who were treated with at least one intravitreal injection of bevacizumab 1.25 mg in 0.05 mL. Patients underwent Snellen visual acuity testing, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, and ophthalmoscopic examination at baseline and follow-up visits. RESULTS: There were 16 eyes of 15 consecutive patients with a mean age of 76.1 years (SD 9.8 years). Intravitreal triamcinolone had been previously administered to 9 patients, but all of these patients either had no improvement or had excessive intraocular pressure caused by the triamcinolone. The patients received a mean of 2.8 injections of bevacizumab per eye. No adverse events were observed, including endophthalmitis, clinically evident inflammation, increased intraocular pressure, retinal tears, retinal detachment, or thromboembolic events in any patient. The mean central macular thickness at baseline was 887 microm and decreased to a mean of 372 microm at month 1 (P < 0.001). The mean baseline acuity was 20/600 (logMAR = 1.48) and the mean acuity at month 1 was 20/200 (logMAR = 1.05), a difference that was highly significant (P = 0.001). At last follow-up, a mean of 3 months after the first injection, the mean visual acuity was 20/138 (logMAR = 0.84), which was significantly better than baseline (P < 0.001). Visual acuity improvement, defined as a halving of the visual angle, was seen in 14 of the 16 eyes. CONCLUSION: Initial treatment results of patients with macular edema secondary to CRVO did not reveal any short-term safety concerns. Intravitreal bevacizumab resulted in a significant decrease in macular edema and improvement in visual acuity. The number of patients in this pilot study was limited and the follow-up is too short to make any specific treatment recommendations, but the favorable short-term results suggest further study is needed.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide treatment of macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion

PURPOSE: To evaluate treatment of macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) using intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. METHODS: Retrospective review of data for 29 eyes of 29 patients with CRVO and macular edema treated with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. Initial visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and history of glaucoma were recorded. Final visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and adverse events were recorded during the treatment period. RESULTS: Twenty-nine eyes were treated with intravitreal injection. The mean follow-up was 348 days. The median initial Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity was 20/250 (median logMAR, 1.1). The median visual acuity 3 months after injection was 20/125 (median logMAR, 0.8). This difference was statistically significant. The median final visual acuity was 20/250 (median logMAR, 1.1). This difference in visual acuity was not statistically significant. Elevated intraocular pressure, excluding that related to neovascularization, occurred in 5 of 22 patients. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients who received multiple injections had better outcomes. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide may improve vision transiently but does not appear to result in a sustained visual acuity benefit for patients with macular edema associated with CRVO. Repeated injections may be necessary. The risk of glaucoma is significant, and additional study is required to further characterize this and other risks.     

Intraocular triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema due to CRVO. A multifocal-ERG and OCT study

Purpose To investigate the effectiveness of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of cystoid macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). A noncomparative, prospective, interventional case series. Methods In this study 15 eyes of 15 patients (9 males and 6 females) with macular edema due to non-ischemic CRVO were treated with intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide and followed-up for 1 year. Examination included measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for distance, measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP), fluorescein angiography, foveal retinal thickness measurement by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and multifocal electroretinography recordings (MFERG) preoperatively 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Results The visual acuity increased to a significant degree at 3 months, to a smaller degree at 6 months but at 12 months there was no significant improvement. The OCT macula thickness improved to a significant level all the follow-up period but with less significance at 12 months. The MFERG recordings from the fovea showed significant improvement at 3 and 6 months. The MFERG from the parafovea area showed significant improvement at 3 and 6 and to a smaller degree at 12 months. The intraocular pressure increased at 3 and 6 months but returned to pretreatment level at 12 months. Conclusion Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide leads to a significant improvement of mean VA in patients with macular edema due to CRVO. However, this significant effect is not permanent and persists for a maximum of 3–6 months. Thereafter all the indexes tend to deteriorate.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of cystoid macular edema secondary to Behçet disease

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in patients with cystoid macular edema (CME) associated with Beh?et disease. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: Ten eyes of 10 patients with CME from Beh?et disease made up the study population. All eyes had persistent CME despite medical treatment for at least 2 months. Intravitreal injection of 4 mg (0.1 ml) of triamcinolone acetonide was offered to treat macular edema. The visual and anatomic responses were observed. RESULTS: At 1-month follow-up, a reduction in mean foveal thickness of 37.4%, from 416 microm to 260.5 microm, was attained. At 3-month follow-up, mean foveal thickness was 286.2 microm and at 6 months, 263.7 microm. No eyes had lost vision at 1 month, and eight eyes (80%) showed improvement in visual acuity. At 3-month and 6-month follow-up, three eyes (30%) remained stable and the other eyes had maintained the improved acuity. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide is a promising therapeutic method for CME from Beh?et disease.     

Intravitreal bevacizumab injections for treatment of central retinal vein occlusion: six-month results of a prospective trial

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA) injections on visual acuity and foveal retinal thickness in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS: In this prospective, noncomparative, consecutive, interventional case series, 46 patients received repeated intravitreal injections (1.25 mg) of bevacizumab. Main outcome measures were visual acuity (Snellen and ETDRS charts) and optical coherence tomography measurements in a 6-month follow-up period. RESULTS: Mean visual acuity improved from 20/250 at baseline to 20/80 at the 6-month follow-up (P < 0.001). ETDRS chart findings revealed a mean letter gain +/-SD from baseline to 6 months of 13.9 +/- 14.4 letters. Mean central retinal thickness +/-SD decreased from 535 +/- 148 microm at baseline to 323 +/- 116 microm at the 6-month follow-up. Ischemic CRVO was associated with significantly lower visual acuity than nonischemic CRVO (P < 0.001). However, visual acuity gain was similar in both groups. Independent of duration of symptoms, CRVO was associated with a similar gain in visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab appears to be a new treatment option for patients with macular edema secondary to CRVO.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for idiopathic cystoid macular edema

PURPOSE: To report intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for idiopathic cystoid macular edema (ICME). DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS:Two patients with ICME were treated with intravitreal triamcinolone. RESULTS: In one patient, best-corrected acuity was 20/70 before treatment and 20/30 6 months posttreatment in both eyes. Foveal thickness was 606 microm before and 197 microm posttreatment in the right eye and 542 microm before and 190 microm posttreatment in the left eye. In another patient, best-corrected acuity was 20/200 before treatment and 20/50 5 months posttreatment; foveal thickness was 580 microm before and 208 microm posttreatment. Recurrence of macular edema responded to repeat intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in both patients. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal triamcinolone may be associated with reduced edema and improved vision in patients with ICME; however, these changes may be transient.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for pseudophakic cystoid macular edema

PURPOSE: To report the clinical outcome of patients undergoing intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide as treatment of long-standing cystoid macular edema after phacoemulsification. DESIGN: Prospective clinical interventional cases series studies. METHODS: The study included five patients suffering from cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery. They received an intravitreal injection of 25-mg crystalline triamcinolone acetonide transconjunctivally with topical anesthesia. RESULTS: In the follow-up period of 6.6 +/- 4.1 months, visual acuity increased from 0.26 +/- 0.13 to a mean maximal visual acuity of 0.60 +/- 0.19. For all patients, visual acuity improved during the follow-up by at least 0.20. Two (40%) patients developed intraocular pressure values higher than 21 mm Hg, which could be controlled by topical antiglaucomatous treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide may be a therapeutic option for long-standing cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for persisting cystoid macular edema after penetrating keratoplasty

PURPOSE: The intravitreal application of triamcinolone acetonide as treatment of long-standing, therapy-resistant cystoid macular edema after penetrating keratoplasty is reported. METHODS: A 44-year-old patient showed therapy-resistant cystoid macular edema for 2 years after repeated penetrating keratoplasty was performed as treatment of keratoconus. The crystalline lens was clear. The patient received an intravitreal injection of approximately 20 mg of triamcinolone acetonide. Preinjection visual acuity measured 20/80. RESULTS: Within the first 4 weeks after the injection, dense cataract developed necessitating cataract surgery. After phakoemulsification, visual acuity improved to 20/50. Optical coherent tomography and fluorescein angiography showed an almost complete resolution of cystoid macular edema. Ten months after the injection, visual acuity remained at 20/50, and intraocular pressure measured 15 mm Hg without antiglaucomatous therapy taken. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide may be an additional tool in the treatment of therapy-resistant cystoid macular edema after penetrating keratoplasty. After intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide, cataract may rapidly develop in eyes that have been intensively treated, topically and systemically, by corticosteroids for several years.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for the management of papillophlebitis and associated macular edema

Background To investigate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide in the management of papillophlebitis and associated cystoid macular edema. Methods This study was a retrospective medical records review of four eyes of four patients (three males and one female) who had approximately 2-4 months history of papillophlebitis and associated persistent cystoid macular edema. These patients were treated with a single intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide. Mean follow-up time was 15 +/- 4 months. The outcome measures included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and central retinal thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results The BCVA ranged from 20/100 to 20/60 pre-operation. The mean gain in BCVA was 7 +/- 1 Snellen lines. All eyes had BCVA of 20/20 at the last visit. The mean baseline central retinal thickness as measured by OCT was 529 +/- 53 mum. The mean central retinal thickness by OCT was 235 +/- 15 mum at 1-week follow-up examination. At the last visit the mean central retinal thickness by OCT was 161 +/- 7 mum. One patient experienced an increase in IOP after the first injection and another patient had IOP elevation after the second injection. Both were well controlled with single topical anti-glaucoma medication. Conclusion Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide appears to be an effective treatment for patients with papillophlebitis and associated cystoid macular edema.     

Early treatment of severe cystoid macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion with posterior sub-tenon triamcinolone acetonide

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of posterior sub-Tenon (PST) injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in the early treatment of severe cystoid macular edema (CME) in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS: In a noncomparative, prospective study, 18 eyes of 18 patients with severe CME (central macular thickness, CMT >450 microm) secondary to recent-onset CRVO (the onset of symptoms < or =4 weeks) and a decrease in visual acuity (< or =80 letters of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] scores, 20/50) were included. PST injection of 40 mg of TA was given under topic anesthesia. All patients received three biweekly injections and were evaluated at baseline and at 1 day, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, and 3, 6, and 9 months after injection. The main outcome measures were ETDRS scores, CMT, intraocular pressure (IOP), cataract progression, and frequency of complications. RESULTS: The mean age of the 18 patients was 61.17 years (range, 24-81 years) and the mean duration of symptoms was 15.28 days (range, 9-28 days). Eight eyes were diagnosed with ischemic CRVO and 10 eyes with nonischemic CRVO. Mean baseline ETDRS visual acuity (VA) score was 36.89 +/- 18.22 in all affected eye. There was a significant improvement in VA at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months of follow-up. The mean VA at these time points were 46.61 +/- 20.21, 58.11 +/- 22.19, 59.39 +/- 22.98, and 58.67 +/- 23.27 (all P < 0.001), respectively. Both nonischemic and ischemic eyes benefited with a statistically significant VA improvement at each time point. A comparison of the gain in VA between two subgroups was not significant at 1 and 3 months (P > 0.05), but was statistically significant at 6 and 9 months (P = 0.009 and 0.008, respectively). VA gain of 10 or more letters was found in all nonischemic eyes (10/10) and 3 ischemic eyes (3/8) at the 9-month follow-up. Two ischemic eyes were found to have no gain of letters in VA at the 9-month follow-up. The mean baseline CMT for all eyes was 566 +/- 42 microm. There was a 29% reduction with a mean CMT of 404 +/- 49 microm (P < 0.001) at 1 month, 51% reduction with a mean CMT of 278 +/- 40 microm (P < 0.001) at 3 months, 61% reduction with a mean CMT of 222 +/- 56 microm (P < 0.001) at 6 months, and 63% reduction with a mean CMT of 210 +/- 30 microm (P < 0.001) at 9 months. Both nonischemic and ischemic eyes demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in CMT (all P < 0.001). A comparison of the reduction in CMT between these two subgroups was not significant at each visit (all P > 0.05). For both subgroups, there was no statistically significant difference in IOP change at baseline, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 9 months of follow-up. Only two patients required topic antiglaucoma drops for elevated IOP. Three patients developed a recurrence of CME accompanied with visual decrease. No cataract progression or other complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: PST injection of TA is effective in reversing CME and improving visual acuity in recent-onset CRVO in the first 9 months. Patients with nonischemic CRVO may respond more favorably than patients with ischemic CRVO. Early treatment may be better for visual improvement before longstanding macular edema results in irreversible photoreceptor damage. Further study with longer follow-up period is necessary.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone treatment for macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion and hemiretinal vein occlusion

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone treatment for macular edema from central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO). METHODS: This study was a retrospective medical records review of 24 eyes of 24 patients (mean age, 71 years) that were injected with 4 mg of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of macular edema due to CRVO (n = 21) and HRVO (n = 3). Of the 24 eyes, 14 were injected once, 6 were injected twice, 3 were injected 3 times, and 1 received 4 injections. Mean follow-up time was 10 months (range, 3-24 months). The average time between onset of symptoms and first injection was 5.4 months (range, 2-48 months). Available documents on pre- and postinjection optical coherence tomography central foveal thickness in 23 of 39 total injections were evaluated. RESULTS: All injections resulted in reduction in central foveal thickness as determined by optical coherence tomography. The mean central foveal thickness decreased to 55% of preinjection values ([n = 23] 635 vs. 352 mum, respectively; P < 0.001). The average gain in visual acuity was 1.3 Snellen lines (range, -3-7) over the course of the study period. Ten eyes gained > or =2 lines of visual acuity, 3 eyes improved 1 line, 7 eyes remained the same, and 4 eyes worsened. There was no correlation between improvement in foveal thickness and corresponding visual gain (P = 0.24). None of the eyes of diabetic patients (n = 6) or patients with ischemic CRVO (n = 2) improved in visual acuity. The difference in mean baseline (20/167) and mean final visual acuity (20/91) was statistically significant (P = 0.015). The mean best postinjection visual acuity (20/67) was also significantly higher than the mean final visual acuity (P = 0.019). When diabetic and ischemic CRVO patients were excluded, the difference between mean baseline visual acuity and mean final visual acuity was found to be highly significant ([n = 16] 20/133 vs. 20/67, respectively; P < 0.001), while mean final and best postinjection visual acuities (20/50) did not differ (P = 0.085). Eight of 16 phakic eyes showed progression of cataract, 2 of which underwent cataract extraction. Nine of 18 patients without a history of glaucoma developed ocular hypertension and required glaucoma medication during postinjection follow-up. Trabeculectomy was performed on two eyes with glaucoma. Two other eyes developed epiretinal membranes, one of which underwent vitrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal triamcinolone may be effective in treating macular edema from CRVO and HRVO. Subjects with concurrent diabetes or ischemic central retinal vein were less likely to have visual improvement.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide as treatment of macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion

PURPOSE: To report the clinical outcome of a patient receiving an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide as treatment of bilateral, long-standing, cystoid macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion. METHODS: A 70-years-old patient suffering from bilateral central retinal vein occlusion for 2 years and 1.5 years, respectively, received transconjunctivally an intravitreal injection of 25 mg of crystalline triamcinolone acetonide in each eye, with 10 weeks between injections. RESULTS: During the follow-up period of 4 months (OD) and 6 weeks (OS), respectively, visual acuity increased from 0.05 to 0.25 in his right eye and from 0.125 to 0.25 in his left eye. Fluorescein angiography showed a decrease of fluorescein leakage in the macular area. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide may be a therapeutic option for long-standing cystoid macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion.     

Clinical, anatomic, and electrophysiologic evaluation following intravitreal bevacizumab for macular edema in retinal vein occlusion

PURPOSE: To investigate clinical, anatomic, and electrophysiologic response after single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for macular edema attributable to retinal vein occlusion. DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized, interventional case series. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with macular edema attributable to vein occlusion received intravitreal injection of bevacizumab 1.25 mg. Nine patients had central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), and 12 patients had branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Complete ophthalmic examination including optical coherence tomography (OCT) was done at baseline and follow-up visits. Fifteen patients underwent fluorescein angiography at baseline. Selected patients underwent electroretinography (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) at baseline and follow-up. Follow-up was for 12 weeks. RESULTS: At baseline, mean visual acuity was 20/381 (median, 20/400) and showed improvement to mean 20/135 (median, 20/60) after one month, (P = .001). At 12 weeks, mean visual acuity was 20/178 (median, 20/80) (P = .001). The mean central retinal thickness (CRT) was 647.81 microm (median, 609.00 microm) at baseline and decreased to mean 293.43 microm (median, 222.00 microm) at one month (P = .001). At 12 weeks, mean CRT was 320.90 mum (median, 280.00 microm) (P = .001). ERG and VEP showed no worsening of the waveforms. There was no significant difference in the visual outcome between the BRVO and CRVO groups. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab appears to result in significant short-term improvement of visual acuity and macular edema secondary to vein occlusion. The present report confirms the previous studies. No ocular toxicity or adverse effects were observed. However, prospective, randomized, controlled long-term studies are required with an adequate number of patients.     

Macular hole and intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion

PURPOSE: To report a case of macular hole progression after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) for chronic macular edema secondary to nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS: A 33-year-old woman with massive macular edema after CRVO underwent IVTA. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography were performed before and after the procedure. RESULTS: At the 1-week IVTA injection control, the patient's best-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/400 to 20/200 and OCT detected a progression of macular hole stage. CONCLUSIONS: IVTA steroid injection may provide a significant improvement in macular edema, but injection-related complications may occur such as this uncommon macular reaction resulting in permanent visual loss.     

曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射治疗白内障术后慢性黄斑囊样水肿

目的观察曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射治疗白内障术后慢性黄斑囊样水肿的临床疗效。方法对38例38眼白内障术后发生慢性黄斑囊样水肿的患者,行曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射进行治疗,观察注射后1周、1月、2月、3月患者视力及黄斑中心视网膜厚度的变化及并发症。结果曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射后,所有患者最佳矫正视力均有不同程度提高,相应的黄斑中心视网膜厚度逐渐变薄,注射后并发症包括球结膜下出血、眼压升高及黄斑囊样水肿复发。结论曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射对白内障术后慢性黄斑囊样水肿是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,但黄斑囊样水肿复发的原因及再次治疗时机有待进一步观察。     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in patients with macular oedema due to central retinal vein occlusion

PURPOSE: To evaluate treatment of macular oedema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. METHODS: In a prospective case series, 13 patients with macular oedema due to non-ischaemic CRVO received an intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide. Examination included assessment of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for distance and reading, measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP), fluorescein angiography and high resolution imaging by optical coherence tomography, preoperatively and 1 week, 1 month, 3, 6 and 9 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Preoperative mean BCVA was 0.9 +/- 0.4 for distance vision and 1.0 +/- 0.3 for reading acuity, respectively. A significant improvement in distance VA (0.5 +/- 0.3, p < 0.001) and reading acuity (0.7 +/- 0.3, p = 0.03) was observed until 3 months and 6 months, respectively. Mean macular thickness was significantly reduced until 9 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide led to a significant improvement in mean VA in patients with macular oedema due to CRVO. However, the significant effect was not permanent and persisted for a maximum of 6 months.     

抗VEGF类药物与曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的Meta分析

背景 视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)是常见的视网膜血管病,黄斑水肿是其常见的并发症及患者视力下降的主要原因,玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)类药物及曲安奈德已成为治疗黄斑水肿的重要手段. 目的 系统评价抗VEGF类药物与曲安奈德治疗CRVO并发黄斑水肿的临床疗效. 方法 按照检索策略检索PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、EMbase、中国知网(CNKI)、维普(ViP)和万方数据库,查找关于抗VEGF药物与曲安奈德治疗CRVO并发黄斑水肿的临床对照试验.检索时限均为从建库至2015年9月,按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取数据资料,并对纳入的文献进行质量评价.采用Revman 5.3软件对连续变量进行合并效应量检测.结果 共纳入7篇文献,共包括345例患者348眼患眼.抗VEGF药物组与曲安奈德组术后6个月最佳矫正视力和黄斑中心凹厚度比较差异均无统计学意义[平均差(MD)=-0.03,95％置信区间(CI):-0.11 ～0.05,P=0.52;MD=-15.37,95％ CI:-36.29～5.55,P=0.15],眼压比较差异有统计学意义(MD=-2.73,95％ C1:-3.59 ～-1.86,P＜0.000 01).曲安奈德组中22跟出现晶状体混浊,8眼出现眼压升高.抗VEGF药物组中仅2眼出现晶状体混浊. 结论 中期随访内,玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF类药物与曲安奈德均可提高CRVO并发黄斑水肿患者的最佳矫正视力并减轻黄斑水肿,二者疗效相当,但曲安奈德眼压升高等不良反应的发生率高于抗VEGF类药物.     

Treatment of central retinal vein occlusion with triamcinolone acetonide: an optical coherence tomography study

Central retinal vein occlusion is one of the most common retinal vascular disorders. Many patients have decreased visual acuity as a result of macular edema. We report a retrospective review of 8 patients at the University of Wisconsin with macular edema from CRVO who were treated with an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to help assess the effect of this intervention. Mean baseline visual acuity was 20/500. Mean visual acuity at the 3-month follow up was 20/220. The average gain in visual acuity was 3.3 lines (range -1 to +10). Four of 8 patients experienced a visual acuity gain of 2 or more lines at the 3-month follow up. Four of 8 patients were unchanged (within 2 lines of baseline) at the 3-month follow up. No patient had a decrease in visual acuity (2 or more line decrease from baseline). Seven of 8 patients had complete resolution of macular edema on clinical examination at the 3-month follow up. No adverse effects such as cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment or endophthalmitis were noted. We conclude that intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide may be a safe and effective treatment in some patients with macular edema due to CRVO. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated significant anatomic improvement in the majority of patients with macular edema due to CRVO treated with intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide.