严重髋臼骨折全髋置换适应证选择及临床效果观察

目的探讨早期和晚期全髋关节置换术治疗严重髋臼移位骨折的疗效与评价。方法对17例髋臼骨折移位施行了早期全髋置换术,伤后到手术时间平均8d(5～21d),平均年龄53岁(26～69岁)。对髋臼骨折继发性严重的创伤性关节炎5例,股骨头坏死2例,股骨头持续性后脱位2例分别施行了晚期挽救性全髋置换术,伤后到手术时间平均7个月(3～25个月),平均年龄37岁(26～46岁)。结果平均随访时间为4.1年(1～6年)。最后随访根据Harris评分平均为82分(69～100分),其中25例疗效为优良,1例发生异位骨化。无一例发生假体松动,1例发生髋臼杯严重中央移位。结论严重髋臼移位骨折,常规切开复位内固定难以取得良好疗效,施行早期全髋置换术效果肯定。髋臼骨折手术所致的创伤性关节炎、髋关节后方脱位、股骨头坏死等并发症施行晚期挽救性全髋置换术效果亦肯定。手术最好由对髋臼创伤及全髋置换经验丰富的骨科医生施行。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人Crowe Ⅳ型先天性髋关节脱位的临床研究

目的探讨CroweⅣ型先天性髋关节脱位患者全髋关节置换术的手术方法及预防神经损伤的对策。方法35例（39髋）CroweⅣ型先天性髋关节脱位患者行全髋关节置换术,均为女性,年龄36～56岁,平均46岁。获得随访31例35髋,随访时间1年～8年,平均4年。手术采用后外侧切口。髋臼侧除1例2髋外,均在真臼水平安放臼杯并使用非骨水泥型假体,股骨侧5例5髋选用骨水泥型假体,其余均选用非骨水泥型假体。2例2髋以往曾行转子下截骨者先行转子下截骨矫正术,再植入非骨水泥型假体。采用髋关节功能评分（Harris评分）评定髋关节功能,术前平均43分。结果获得随访的31例（35髋）中,5例5髋发生术中骨折,其中小转子轻微襞裂骨折3例3髋,大转子不全骨折2例2髋,但股骨假体稳定,予钢丝固定或未作特殊处理。3髋发生异位骨化,均为BrookⅡ型。2例术后分别出现坐骨神经或股神经刺激症状,1个月后恢复正常。随访期间内无一例发生术后感染、术中术后髋关节脱位、假体松动及有明显临床表现的深静脉血栓形成等并发症。术后随访时Harris评分平均87分,术后肢体延长4～6cm,平均5cm,肢体短缩得到满意纠正。结论后外侧人路、真臼水平重建髋臼是CroweⅣ型先天性髋关节脱位全髋关节置换术安全、有效的手术方法。     

初次人工全髋关节置换术中髋臼骨折的原因及处理

目的探讨初次行人工全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)术中发生髋臼骨折的原因和处理方法。方法 2005年5月-2008年7月,9例9髋初次行THA患者术中发生髋臼骨折。男1例,女8例;年龄41～73岁,平均63.3岁。发育性髋关节发育不良4例,类风湿性关节炎2例,陈旧性股骨颈骨折1例,股骨头缺血性坏死1例,强直性脊柱炎1例。病程1～35年,平均19.5年。左髋3例,右髋6例。Harris评分为(40.4±2.9)分。患者均选择非骨水泥型假体。术中发生髋臼前壁骨折2例,后壁骨折6例,均属稳定型骨折,1例未作特殊处理,余7例给予3～4枚螺钉加强固定;后壁骨折伴后柱不全骨折1例,属不稳定型骨折,给予髋臼杯底植骨联合3枚螺钉固定。结果术后X线片检查示假体位置良好。切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无早期并发症发生。9例患者均获随访,随访时间1～4年,平均2年7个月。末次随访时Harris评分为(87.8±3.9)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=44.904,P=0.000)。X线片检查示,骨折均于术后8周达临床愈合;随访期间未发现髋臼假体周围透亮带及松动表现。结论初次行THA术前应仔细测量,术中充分显露,精细操作,避免暴力。非骨水泥型髋臼假体直径不应超过髋臼锉直径2 mm;对于骨质疏松患者,宜选用与髋臼锉直径相同的假体并用螺钉固定,或直接采用骨水泥型假体。一旦术中发生髋臼骨折,可根据骨折类型和假体稳定性选用增加螺钉固定或植骨配合多枚螺钉固定。     

人工全髋关节置换术后髋臼假体初始不稳定原因分析及处理

目的探讨初次人工全髋关节置换术后髋臼假体初始不稳定的原因及处理方法。方法回顾性分析2003年1月-2010年6月初次人工全髋关节置换术后出现髋臼假体初始不稳定行髋臼翻修术的19例患者临床资料。男11例,女8例;年龄55～79岁,平均67.2岁。左髋9例,右髋10例。应用骨水泥型髋臼假体7例,非骨水泥型12例。初次置换术后3周～6个月行翻修术,平均4.5个月。分析髋臼假体初始不稳定的原因,比较翻修术前后髋臼假体骨覆盖率及髋关节功能Harris评分。结果髋臼假体初始不稳定与髋臼的处理、假体的选择及放置角度、骨水泥操作技术不当等有关。翻修术后l例出现坐骨神经麻痹,7周后自行恢复;1例髋臼前壁轻微骨折,3个月后骨折愈合。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无关节假体周围感染、血管损伤、假体脱位、下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。术后患者均获随访,随访时间11～73个月,平均28个月。患者均未出现髋臼假体初始不稳定。髋臼假体骨覆盖率由初次置换时的67.9%±5.5%提高至翻修术后87.7%±5.2%,差异有统计学意义(t=11.592,P=0.003)。末次随访时Harris评分为(84.4±4.6)分,较术前的(56.5±9.3)分显著提高(t=11.380,P=0.005)。结论术前详细计划、选择合适的假体、妥善处理髋臼、按合理角度植入髋臼假体有助于获取良好的髋臼假体初始稳定性。     

全髋关节置换术治疗晚期髋臼发育不良

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗晚期髋臼发育不良致髋关节骨关节炎时人工髋臼的安放方法。方法对2002年1月至2008年1月因髋臼发育不良导致骨关节炎行全髋关节置换术的病例进行随访,有52例(60髋)获得随访。其中男6例,女46例;年龄46~72岁,平均62岁;双髋8例,单髋44例。主要症状为疼痛及跛行。在行人工全髋置换术时,根据髋臼发育不良的程度,采用了加深髋臼、髋臼内陷及髋臼外上缘植骨等三种方法。术后随访应用H arris评分进行髋关节功能评价,术后第3、6、9、12个月及以后每1年以同等条件投照双髋关节正位X线片,观察髋臼假体与髋臼骨床愈合的情况。随访2~8年,平均4年6个月。结果加深髋臼和髋臼内陷的病例,髋臼假体与髋臼骨床接触良好,无松动,关节功能恢复优良。而髋臼外上缘植骨的6髋中有5髋,术后2年时植骨块与髋臼假体间出现透亮带,但髋臼假体无松动。结论髋臼发育不良导致髋关节骨关节炎的病例在施行人工关节置换术时应根据髋臼骨床的情况采用不同的手术方式安放人工髋臼。在髋臼底部骨质较多的情况下,应采用加深髋臼的方法。加深髋臼后仍有少量髋臼假体外露时可采用髋臼内陷安放人工髋臼。髋臼外上缘结构植骨的患者仍需长期随访观察。     

严重髋关节发育不良的全髋关节置换术

目的 评价初次全髋关节置换术治疗伴有晚期髋关节病变的髋关节发育不良患者的临床效果,探讨其技术可行性及操作要点.方法 回顾性分析2002年3月至2008年6月因严重髋关节发育不良而行初次全髋关节置换术的35例患者的临床和影像学资料.男11例11髋,女24例28髋;平均年龄(52±6.7)岁.CroweⅢ型27例31髋,Ⅳ型8例8髋.术前平均Harris评分(42.5±5.3)分.均采用非骨水泥型全髋关节假体.结果 全部患者随访1～7年,平均46个月.末次随访时Harris评分(86.3±3.4)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义.优33髋,良5髋,可1髋,优良率97.4%.随访期间未发现髋臼假体周围透光带及松动表现.2例出现术中髋臼骨折,根据骨折稳定性,经多枚螺钉或结构性植骨后卧床6周愈合.3例出现下肢深静脉血栓,经溶栓治疗后血栓消失.5例6髋出现Brooker Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级异位骨化.1例于术后1年因外伤发生假体远端骨折.结论 对伴有晚期髋关节病变的严重髋关节发育不良患者行初次全髋关节置换术时,术前应进行精确测量与评估,术中彻底松解软组织,正确处理髋臼和股骨,术后近期临床效果良好.     

S-ROM假体全髋关节置换治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良

目的:探讨S-ROM假体全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良的方法并评价其疗效。方法:2000年10月至2011年10月,应用全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者30例36髋,其中6例双侧,24例单侧。采用S-ROM假体结合股骨转子下横断截骨短缩行人工关节置换术,髋臼侧均采用生物型假体,假体在真臼水平或接近于真臼水平植入。对临床结果采用改良Harris评分进行评价,术前及术后随访时均拍X线片进行观察。结果:30例中早期死亡l例(双髋),失访2例(2髋),余27例32髋获得随访,时间7～84个月,平均48个月。2髋分别于术后12、18个月随访时仍可见骨折线,下肢行走无异常,术后未发生感染或神经损伤等严重并发症。改良Harris评分由术前平均41.7±3.7改善至术后89.1±2.9。无假体松动或位置不当需要翻修的病例。影像学复查显示关节假体在位,金属臼杯、股骨假体与宿主骨嵌合良好,无明显松动。所有施行臼侧植骨及股骨截骨的患者植骨及截骨处均骨性愈合,无假体松动,活动度无明显受限,患髋无痛,Trendelenburg征阴性,均无须使用行走辅助工具。结论:对CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者行全髋关节置换术时,良好的真臼暴露、加深髋臼、股骨短缩、斜行截骨及使用S-ROM组配式股骨柄假体假体能提高全髋关节置换术的治疗效果。     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折内固定术后继发创伤性髋关节炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨人工全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折术后创伤性关节炎的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年6月至2014年6月收治的33例(33髋)髋臼骨折术后创伤性关节炎患者资料,男21例,女12例;年龄22~65岁,平均44.6岁。均采用生物型假体行全髋关节置换术治疗。采用Harris评分对患者术前后的髋关节功能进行评分,拍X线片对假体状态进行影像学评估。结果:所有患者获得随访,随访时间7~38个月,平均21.6个月。末次随访时髋关节Harris评分从术前平均(53.6±2.4)分提高至(94.0±3.0)分,差异有统计学意义(t=55.37,P0.05),髋关节功能明显改善。影像学评估显示假体位置良好,无假体松动、关节脱位及明显假体周围骨溶解等并发症。结论:全髋关节置换术是治疗髋臼骨折内固定术后继发创伤性髋关节炎的有效治疗手段,髋臼骨折内固定材料显露困难但不影响假体安放,行全髋置换术可不取出。     

人工髋关节置换术后翻修病例分析

目的分析人工髋关节置换术后翻修的原因,评价全髋翻修术的临床效果。方法本组33例34髋。初次关节置换类型:全髋置换21例,双杯髋关节置换1例,人工股骨头置换11例。翻修原因:无菌性松动23例24髋,髋臼位置不良1例1髋,股骨头置换后髋臼磨损5例5髋,感染4例4髋。翻修距初次手术时间:1年以内5髋,1～2年1髋,5～10年18髋,10～13年10髋。翻修假体类型:非骨水泥型假体20髋,混合型假体7髋,骨水泥型假体7髋。结果平均随访3.5年。1例术后半年发生股骨柄松动进行再翻修,其余病例假体保留,优良率为82.4%。结论翻修的最常见原因为无菌性松动,人工股骨头置换时髋臼磨损也是翻修原因之一,对较年轻的股骨颈骨折患者,如行假体置换,最好采用全髋关节置换。翻修术采用非骨水泥型假体较好。     

Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良的全髋关节置换术

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术治疗成人Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良(developmental dyspla-sia of the hip,DDH)的方法并评价其疗效.方法 1997年10月至2009年1月,应用全髋关节置换术治疗Crowe Ⅳ型DDH患者15例20髋,其中5例双侧、10例单侧.18髋采用Secur-Fit股骨假体,2髋采用Corail股骨假体.转子下斜行截骨6髋,髋臼底磨穿5髋,均行股骨头植骨.结果 15例中早期死亡1例(双髋),失访2例(2髋),余12例16髋获得平均44.2个月(5～92个月)随访.术后发生出血性休克1例,脂肪栓塞1例,术后脱位2例,股骨上端骨裂2例.转子下斜行截骨6髋中,1髋失随访,2髋分别于术后18和23个月随访时仍可见骨折线,下肢行走无异常,其余3髋骨愈合.髋臼底植骨5髋,除1髋失访外,其余均获得愈合.术后X线片显示髋臼假体均位于真臼内,完全骨性覆盖,无髋臼假体松动.术后双下肢长度差平均1.1 cm(0～2.2 cm).末次随访Harris评分由术前平均(24.7±5.7)分(15～32分)提高至末次随访(85.6±5.6)分(80～94分),差异有统计学意义.结论 对Crowe Ⅳ型DDH患者行全髋关节置换术时,良好的真臼暴露、加深髋臼、股骨短缩、斜行截骨及使用Secur-Fit假体能提高全髋关节置换术的治疗效果.     

Intraoperative fractures of the acetabulum during primary total hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: The intraoperative occurrence of an acetabular fracture is a rare complication of primary total hip arthroplasty. Previous reports have lacked a sufficiently large number of subjects to allow for an analysis of the causes and appropriate treatment of this problem. METHODS: Between 1990 and 2000, 7121 primary total hip arthroplasties were performed at our institution. We retrospectively reviewed the records in our Total Joint Registry and found that twenty-one patients (twenty-one hips) had sustained an intraoperative acetabular fracture. Nineteen of these patients (nineteen hips) had been followed until revision or for a minimum of two years (mean duration of follow-up, forty-four months). We evaluated the anatomic location, cause, treatment, and outcome of the fractures. Acetabular component designs were categorized as modular, nonmodular (monoblock), true hemispherical, or elliptical, and then each design was analyzed for fracture risk. RESULTS: No fractures occurred in association with cemented acetabular components. The fracture rate associated with uncemented components was 0.4%. In seventeen hips, the acetabular component was judged to be stable despite the detection of a fracture and the cup was retained. In four hips, the original cup was not stable and therefore was replaced with a design that allowed for supplemental screw fixation. All fractures united, and all cups demonstrated osseous ingrowth at the time of the most recent follow-up. Elliptical monoblock cups were associated with a significantly higher fracture rate than were elliptical modular cups (p < 0.0001) and hemispherical modular cups (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between elliptical modular and hemispherical modular components with regard to the fracture rate. CONCLUSIONS: Acetabular fracture during primary total hip arthroplasty is a rare complication of acetabular fixation without cement. In the present series, retention of a stable cup was associated with uneventful osseous ingrowth and excellent early-term outcomes. We found a high rate of fracture in association with the use of monoblock elliptical components. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III.     

变异髋臼初次全髋人工关节置换术前设计及临床意义

目的:探讨变异髋臼初次全髋人工关节置换术中髋臼假体的正确放置位置及手术疗效。方法:对34例（38髋）接受全髋关节置换的髋臼变异的各类髋关节疾病进行术前设计,其中男20例,女14例,平均年龄56.1岁（29⁷5岁）。股骨头坏死继发骨性关节炎15例（19髋）,髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎12例,创伤性骨关节炎5例,髋关节融合术后1例,髋关节人工股骨头置换术后1例。结果:术后患者均获得随访,平均随访11个月（5³8个月）。根据Harris髋关节功能评分评定,优（>90分）12髋,良（80⁹0分）23髋,尚可（70⁷9分）3髋,失败0髋（<70分）。评定结果:术前Harris评分平均47.9分,术后平均90.3分。结论:对于髋臼解剖结构异常的髋关节疾病患者行全髋人工关节置换时,通过术前对髋臼正确位置的设计,使髋关节中心置于正确的位置上,既可简化术中操作的难度,又可以使臼杯假体得到牢固固定及良好的骨覆盖,有利于人工全髋关节的长期疗效。     

Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Osteopetrosis

BackgroundOsteopetrosis is an inherited bone disease associated with high risk of osteoarthritis and fracture non-union, which can lead to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Bone quality and morphology are altered in these patients, and there are limited data on results of THA in these patients. The goals of this study were to describe implant survivorship, clinical outcomes, radiographic results, and complications in patients with osteopetrosis undergoing primary THA.MethodsWe identified 7 patients (9 hips) with osteopetrosis who underwent primary THA between 1970 and 2017 utilizing our total joint registry. The mean age at index THA was 48 years and included two males and five females. The mean follow-up was 8 years.ResultsThe 10-year survivorship free from any revision or implant removal was 89%, with 1 revision and 1 resection arthroplasty secondary to periprosthetic femoral fractures. The 10-year survivorship free from any reoperation was 42%, with 4 additional reoperations (2 ORIFs for periprosthetic femoral fractures, 1 sciatic nerve palsy lysis of adhesions, 1 hematoma evacuation). Harris hip scores significantly increased at 5 years (P = .04). Five hips had an intraoperative acetabular fracture, and 1 had an intraoperative femur fracture. All postoperative femoral fractures occurred in patients with intramedullary diameter less than 5 mm at a level 10 cm distal to the lesser trochanter.ConclusionPrimary THA in patients with osteopetrosis is associated with good 10-year implant survivorship (89%), but a very high reoperation (58%) and periprosthetic femoral fracture rate (44%). Femoral fractures appear associated with smaller intramedullary diameters.     

Multi-centre study of cement-in-cement and in-cement femoral revision total hip arthroplasty using polished,stainless steel stems

BackgroundExposure of the acetabular component during revision total hip arthroplasty is often difficult and stems are often difficult to remove. Polished and tapered cemented stems are easily removed and can be easily reconstructed by either cement-in-cement or in-cement technique. This study was a retrospective review of the medium-term outcomes of revision total hip arthroplasty conducted with the Exeter stem fixed by cement-in-cement or in-cement method in four institutions.MethodsThis study included hips (n = 103) reconstructed by cement-in-cement or in-cement technique on the femoral side during revision total hip arthroplasty in four institutions between 2003 and 2015. The mean age at surgery was 71.1 years (range, 43–86 years), and the mean follow-up period was 5.6 years (range, 0–13 years).ResultsRevision arthroplasty was required for acetabular component complications in 69 hips, for dislocation in 25, for infection in eight, and for stem fracture in one hip. Re-revision was required in 10 hips for: infection (n = 6), acetabular component complications (n = 3), and dislocation (n = 1). No radiographic loosening, cement fractures, or osteolysis of the femoral components were observed. Ten-year survival rate was 99% with the endpoint of femoral revision surgery, and 100% with the endpoint of femoral aseptic loosening.ConclusionsThe medium-term outcomes of revision total hip arthroplasty on the femoral side conducted using the cement-in-cement or in-cement technique were favourable, with no cases of aseptic loosening. As long as the bone-cement interface remains robust, there is no need to remove all the cement, and the cement-in-cement or in-cement technique should be used for reconstruction.     

人工关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折内固定失败的疗效观察

目的:观察人工髋关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折内固定失败患者的临床疗效.方法:自2007年6月至2014年1月采用人工髋关节置换治疗29例股骨颈骨折内固定失败的患者,其中男12例,女17例;年龄43~83岁,平均60.3岁;左髋16例,右髋13例.内固定距关节置换时间3~48个月,平均23.3个月.结果:29例患者中,直接生物杯固定20例,植骨修复缺损后生物杯固定7例,植骨修复缺损钛网杯固定后骨水泥臼杯固定2例;股骨柄生物型柄13例,骨水泥柄16例.无术中并发症发生,手术时间(115±38) min,术中出血量(420±175) ml,术后引流量(240±119) ml,术中输血量(200±220) ml,术中补液量(2 200±400) ml,术后输血量(300±200)ml,术后早期脱位1例.术后随访时间5~24个月,平均14.7个月,均愈合良好,未发生假体下沉、松动、脱位等现象.Harris评分由术前的51.1±7.5提高到末次随访88.5±6.4.结论:人工关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折内固定失败患者,可早期下地功能锻炼,减少卧床时间及并发症的发生,有利于早期功能恢复,远期疗效需要进一步观察.     

应用双髋关节正位X线片评估全髋关节置换术后髋臼前倾角

目的: 探讨是否可以在普通双髋关节正位X线片上评估髋臼假体前倾角。方法: 2019年3月至7月收治全髋关节置换术后患者32例(共41髋),男18例,女14例,年龄(66.2±4.1)岁,所有患者于术后完成双髋关节正位X线片及骨盆CT平扫。通过骨盆CT平扫测量髋臼前倾角,在X线片上采用Saka等测量公式进行测量。结果: 41髋X线片测量髋臼前倾角为(16.2±5.0)°,与CT测量的髋臼前倾角(31.8±9.7)°间差异有统计学意义(P=0.00)。此外,X线片测量与CT测量的髋臼前倾角具有明显相关性(Pearson相关系数r=0.84,P=0.00)。结论: CT可以较准确地测得髋臼前倾角,但是其存在辐射量大、成本较高、假体CT伪影重等明显弊端。在普通双髋关节正位X线片上采用Saka测量公式虽然无法像CT测量一样直接获得准确的髋臼前倾角,但却和CT测得的髋臼前倾角间存在高度的相关性,所以提出的方法也可以初步评估髋臼前倾角。     

Corail高偏心距股骨柄假体在单侧初次全髋关节置换中的应用

目的:探讨高偏心距股骨柄假体在初次全髋关节置换中的应用。方法：2015年1月至2017年6月使用Corail高偏心距股骨柄假体（KHO型）行初次人工全髋关节置换的51例单侧髋关节病变者进行回顾性研究,女20例,男31例;年龄21~71（50.8±13.3）岁。分别在术后髋关节正位X线片上测量外展力臂、股骨偏心距、髋臼偏心距、下肢长短差异。记录患者手术前后的Harris评分及相关并发症,并分析假体的稳定性。结果：患侧股骨偏心距、联合偏心距、外展力臂均明显大于健侧（P<0.05）。患侧髋臼偏心距与健侧比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。17髋（33.3%）的股骨偏心距得到了正常重建,其中15例（88.2%）双下肢等长。34髋（66.7%）股骨偏心距大于健侧,34例（100%）双下肢等长。51例患者获随访,时间（42.3±7.3）个月,Harris评分由术前的（38.0±7.6）分提高至末次随访时的（92.1±3.1）（P<0.001）。结论：高偏心距Corail假体在在单侧初次全髋关节置换中虽未能正常重建股骨偏心距,但并不影响下肢长短的重建和假体的稳定性。