基于BN大鼠动物模型的注射用丹参多酚酸致敏性研究

目的 通过BN大鼠全身主动过敏实验考察注射用丹参多酚酸的过敏反应症状,检测致敏后BN大鼠血清中的IgE、组胺及β-氨基己糖苷酶含量,考察注射用丹参多酚酸是否产生速发型过敏反应。方法 以卵白蛋白为阳性药物、生理盐水为对照,注射用丹参多酚酸分为低、中、高（13.43、26.86、134.30 mg/kg）3个剂量组分别直接对BN大鼠进行致敏和激发,观察过敏反应症状;酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）法检测致敏后动物血清中的IgE、β-氨基己糖苷酶及组胺的含量变化;激发后的BN大鼠立即处死,取肺组织进行HE染色。结果 BN大鼠全身主动过敏实验中仅卵白蛋白组有明显过敏反应;与对照组比较,BN大鼠致敏血清IgE水平仅卵白蛋白组显著升高（P<0.05）,组胺检测各组间均无显著性差异,注射用丹参多酚酸中、高剂量组β-氨基己糖苷酶释放量显著降低（P<0.05）;BN大鼠激发后,肺部组织病理结果仅阳性药组肺泡壁凝固性坏死,肺间质有大量炎症因子浸润。结论 注射用丹参多酚酸未产生由IgE介导的I型过敏反应。     

静注人免疫球蛋白（pH4）对人补体系统的体外影响

目的 采用体外补体孵育实验评价静注人免疫球蛋白是否能激活补体系统,探讨本品给药过程中补体系统与类过敏反应之间的关联性。方法 分别选取4家企业产品,另加热制备多聚体升高的样品,在体外与人血清共同孵育1小时后,采用ELISA试剂盒测定补体系统激活代表性中间产物及终末复合物Sc5b-9的含量。结果 与生理盐水对照组相比,实验组中补体分子C3a、C4a、C5a、Bb、Sc5b-9基本呈下降趋势;制剂经加热处理后,上述补体分子并未出现显著性升高现象。结论 静注人免疫球蛋白不能通过激活补体系统进而引发类过敏发应,相反,对补体系统存在一定程度抑制。     

基于RBL-2H3细胞和ICR小鼠过敏与类过敏叠加模型评价注射用血塞通(冻干)过敏与类过敏反应

目的 建立过敏和类过敏叠加的RBL-2H3细胞和ICR小鼠动物模型,对注射用血塞通(冻干)(XST)的过敏与类过敏反应进行评价研究。方法 体外以RBL-2H3细胞的β-氨基己糖苷酶(β-Hex)和组胺释放率为评价指标,确定抗二硝基苯单克隆抗体(DNP-IgE)、DNP-牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的剂量及与C48/80(30 μg·mL^-1)作用的最佳时间,筛选过敏和类过敏叠加模型的阳性条件,随后考察XST (4、8、16 mg·mL^-1)对细胞活力及与DNP-IgE/BSA叠加后对细胞脱颗粒的影响。体内以ICR小鼠为实验对象,以(类)过敏反应症状分值及血浆中免疫球蛋白E (IgE)、组胺、5-羟色胺、血管内皮生长因子A (VEGF-A)、末端补体复合物(SC5b-9)含量为评价指标,筛选卵蛋白(OVA,2.5、5.0、10.0 mg·kg^-1)、C48/80(1、2、4 mg·kg^-1)过敏-类过敏模型阳性条件,最后对XST (60、120、240 mg·kg^-1)的致敏性及是否会产生过敏、类过敏反应进行评价。结果 体外细胞实验最终确定400 ng·mL^-1的DNP-IgE致敏后用50 ng·mL^-1的DNP-BSA激发的同时与C48/80共同作用30 min作为过敏与类过敏叠加阳性组;16 mg·mL^-1的XST与DNP-IgE/BSA联合叠加时,与单给DNP-IgE/BSA或XST组比较均促进组胺和β-Hex的释放(P<0.01)。体内小鼠实验中5、10 mg·kg^-1的OVA均会使小鼠体内IgE显著升高,依据过敏样反应分值和小鼠血浆内组胺、VEGF-A和SC5b-9含量最终确定5 mg·kg^-1 OVA与1 mg·kg^-1 C48/80建立叠加模型,耳、肺及支气管组织中可见明显的水肿及炎性细胞浸润。单纯的XST不会对小鼠致敏,但是与OVA介导的过敏反应叠加后,与单给DNP-IgE/BSA或XST组比较,会显著提高血浆中内组胺、VEGF-A和SC5b-9水平(P<0.05、0.01),与建立的过敏-类过敏叠加模型表现出较好地一致性。结论 体外体内实验均表明IgE介导的过敏反应和C48/80引起的类过敏反应会产生叠加作用,加剧过敏介质的释放和免疫反应程度。同时此模型的建立也验证了XST存在过敏与类过敏叠加现象,该模型可为中药注射剂的临床前安全性评价及合理用药提供参考。     

多西他赛化疗所致过敏反应和体液潴留相关因素和预处理方案分析

目的 探讨多西他赛化疗所致过敏反应和体液潴留与地塞米松给药剂量和给药方案之间的关系,以期为临床提供一定参考。方法 对重庆医科大学附属第三医院2016年5月—2019年2月因多西他赛化疗所致的过敏反应和体液潴留进行回顾性分析,总结过敏反应和体液潴留临床特点、相关因素、治疗措施及转归。结果 共搜集247例使用多西他赛化疗患者,发生过敏反应和体液潴留患者分别为11例（4.45%）和10例（4.05%）,其中过敏反应与患者是否存在过敏史具有统计意义（P<0.05）,过敏反应发生率随地塞米松剂量增大而降低,但无统计意义;体液潴留的发生与地塞米松给药剂量和给药方案相关（P<0.05）,低剂量地塞米松预处理时发生率最低。结论 针对多西他赛化疗所致过敏反应和体液潴留,应给予有效预处理,降低发生率,提高患者耐受性。     

维生素C联合同步放化疗治疗III期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效

目的 探究维生素 C联合同步放化疗（CCRT）对 III期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者近期疗效、生存质量及免疫球蛋白（IgA、IgM、IgG）和炎症因子水平的影响。方法 将2019年3月—2021年3月贵州省黔西南布依族苗族自治州人民医院收治的 60例 III期 NSCLC患者随机分为对照组（n＝30）与试验组（n＝30）。对照组患者采用 CCRT治疗。放疗方案：6MV-X 直线加速器扫描,每次 1.8～2.0 Gy,每周 5 次,总剂量 60～66 Gy。化疗方案：顺铂（50 mg·m^-2）第 1 天（d1）、d8、d29、d36静脉滴注,依托泊苷（50 mg·m^-2）d1～d5、d29～d33静脉滴注。36 d为 1个疗程,共治疗 1个疗程。试验组患者采用维生素 C联合 CCRT治疗,CRRT方案同对照组,CCRT治疗方案开始后即给予静脉输注维生素 C,每天 10 g,每周2次（间隔3 d）至放化疗结束,放化疗全程口服维生素C,每天4 g,连续治疗36 d。观察两组患者治疗后近期疗效、生存质量（KPS 评分）以及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、IgA、C 反应蛋白（CRP）、IgM、白细胞介素 6（IL-6）、IgG 水平。结果 试验组客观缓解率为 53.33%,略高于对照组的 46.67%,但差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。试验组化疗后生存质量稳定改善率 83.33% 显著高于对照组 56.67%（P＜0.05）。试验组总不良反应发生率 33.33%,显著低于对照组的 60.00%（P＜0.05）。治疗前,两组的 IgA、IgG、IgM 和 IL-6、CRP、TNF-α 水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后,两组IgA、IgG、IgM水平均较本组治疗前显著升高（P＜0.05）,IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平较本组治疗前降低（P＜0.05）;与对照组治疗后比较,试验组 IgA、IgG、IgM 水平显著升高（P＜0.05）,IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平降低（P＜0.05）。结论 维生素C联合CCRT治疗III期NSCLC可显著降低不良反应发生率,改善生存质量及机体免疫功能。     

补肾固齿丸对中老年慢性牙周炎患者的疗效及免疫因子和炎症因子的影响

目的 探讨补肾固齿丸治疗中老年牙周炎患者的疗效及作用机制。方法 选取2016年1月-12月承德医学院附属医院收治的120例中老年牙周炎患者,随机分为2组（n=60）。对照组给予基础治疗,试验组在对照组基础上口服补肾固齿丸4 g/次,2次/d,均连续治疗3个月。对比两组治疗前后的牙周疗效指标、免疫因子和炎症因子以及中医证候积分的变化。结果 治疗前两组的观察指标和中医证候总积分无统计学差异。治疗后,两组的牙周疗效指标（患牙平均探诊深度、菌斑指数、附着丧失水平）均较治疗前降低,且试验组的均低于对照组的（P<0.05）;两组血清免疫蛋白IgM、IgA未发生改变,IgG水平高于治疗前,且试验组的IgG水平高于对照组（P<0.05）;两组血清炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β、C反应蛋白、TNF-α水平均较治疗前降低,且治疗组的低于对照组的（P<0.05）;两组中医证候积分显著降低,且试验组的低于对照组的（P<0.05）。结论 补肾固齿丸辅助治疗中老年牙周炎患者有利于提高临床疗效、改善患者免疫功能、降低炎症反应水平。     

雾化吸入盐酸肾上腺素注射液的过敏性和刺激性研究

目的 通过豚鼠雾化吸入给予盐酸肾上腺素注射液,评价临床超说明书给予盐酸肾上腺素注射液的安全性。方法 通过建立雾化给药药物浓度检测方法,确定吸入给药实际给药量。以临床使用盐酸肾上腺素给药频次与剂量结合过敏性试验评价方法,采用豚鼠全身主动过敏试验方案,评价盐酸肾上腺素注射液雾化吸入后对豚鼠产生的全身过敏反应及呼吸系统毒性反应。32只豚鼠按体质量随机分成4组：阴性对照组(等体积的生理盐水)、阳性对照组(致敏剂量：20 mg·kg^-1卵白蛋白)、低剂量组(致敏剂量：15.5 μg·kg^-1盐酸肾上腺素)和高剂量组(致敏剂量：31 μg·kg^-1盐酸肾上腺素)。各组激发剂量是致敏剂量的2倍,激发时观察过敏反应症状,激发后采集血液与肺泡灌洗液,全血用于检测血液学,分离血清和肺泡灌洗液用于检测IgE。动物解剖后取支气管与肺脏组织做组织学检测与免疫组化。结果 使用雾化装置给予豚鼠盐酸肾上腺素在给药3.95 min时可达到临床等效剂量。各组豚鼠在致敏给药期间体质量正常增长,无明显异常反应。激发时,阳性对照组豚鼠出现强阳性过敏反应,阴性对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组豚鼠均无明显过敏反应。与阴性对照组比较,阳性对照组豚鼠血液中嗜酸性粒细胞显著升高(P<0.05),血清和肺泡灌洗液中IgE含量明显增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);组织病理学结果显示阳性对照组豚鼠激发后肺组织内出现炎性细胞浸润,肺泡内出现大量红细胞和渗出液;免疫组化结果提示阳性组豚鼠肺组织内炎性症状与B淋巴细胞增多相关。而低剂量组和高剂量组豚鼠血液学指标、血清IgE含量、免疫组化和组织学检查结果均与阴性对照组无明显差异。结论 盐酸肾上腺素注射液经雾化给予豚鼠不发生过敏反应,且未产生呼吸系统毒性。盐酸肾上腺素注射液雾化吸入是安全可行的。     

血清Ig、Apo及补体在肾病综合征中的检测及意义

目的 探讨血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)、载脂蛋白(Apo)及补体(C)在肾病综合征(NS)中的检测及意义.方法 选择30例NS患者作为观察组, 30例健康体检者作为对照组.检测并比较两组患者血清中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)以及补体3(C3)、补体4(C4)的含量.结果 观察组患者的血清IgG水平明显低于对照组,IgM、IgE水平明显高于对照组(均P<0.05);两组血清IgA水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).观察组患者血清ApoA1、ApoB水平明显高于对照组,C3、C4水平明显低于对照组(均P<0.05).结论 NS患者血清中IgM、IgE、ApoA1及ApoB水平明显高于健康者,IgG、C3及C4水平明显低于健康者.临床检测NS患者血清中Ig、Apo以及补体,对NS的诊断、治疗及预后具有重要的意义.     

谷氨酰胺联合乌司他丁治疗ICU脓毒症患者的临床疗效及机制分析

目的 观察谷氨酰胺联合乌司他丁治疗脓毒症患者的临床疗效及机制。方法 选取2014年3月-2017年6月中山市博爱医院重症监护室收治的脓毒症患者78例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组39例。对照组给予乌司他丁40万U/次,3次/d;观察组在对照组的基础上给予谷氨酰胺0.4 g/（kg·d）,均治疗1周。比较两组治疗前后APACHE Ⅱ评分、血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素（IL）-6、IL-1β及免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）浓度的变化,比较两组不良反应的发生情况。结果 治疗前,两组患者APACHE Ⅱ评分、血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β及IgG、IgA、IgM浓度间无显著性差异。治疗后,观察组APACHE Ⅱ评分为（14.2±3.7）分,显著低于对照组的（16.3±4.4）分,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β浓度均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且观察组以上指标明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者血清IgG、IgA、IgM浓度均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且观察组以上指标显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗期间,观察组不良反应发生率（2.56%）与对照组（5.13%）无差异。结论 谷氨酰胺联合乌司他丁治疗脓毒症疗效好,能抑制炎症反应并促进患者免疫功能的恢复,值得临床应用于推广。     

姜黄素对宫颈癌小鼠的抗肿瘤活性及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨姜黄素对宫颈癌小鼠的抗肿瘤活性及免疫功能的影响。方法 采用腹腔及前肢腋下接种U14细胞建立宫颈癌小鼠模型,随机分为模型组、姜黄素组和阳性对照组,每组10只。模型组给予0.9% NaCl 0.2 mL,姜黄素组给予100 mg·mL^-1的姜黄素0.2 mL,连续灌胃14 d,阳性对照组给予顺铂3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,每隔3 d腹腔注射1次,共5次。比较各组移植瘤形态,检测各组肿瘤体积和重量并计算抑瘤率,ELISA法检测血清中白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、骨桥蛋白（OPN）、癌胚抗原（CEA）和鳞状细胞癌抗原（SCC-Ag）水平,流式细胞仪检测CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺细胞及NKT细胞含量。结果 模型组肿瘤细胞核大、深染,核质增加,核分裂多,姜黄素组和阳性对照组肿瘤细胞明显皱缩,核固缩或碎裂,病理性核分裂减少。姜黄素组和阳性对照组肿瘤体积、质量、IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ、OPN、CEA、SCC-Ag、CD8⁺水平显著低于模型组,而抑瘤率、CD3⁺、CD4⁺和NKT细胞含量显著高于模型组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 姜黄素可抑制宫颈癌小鼠的抗肿瘤活性,其机制可能为增强免疫功能,降低炎症因子和肿瘤标志物水平。     

Immunopharmacological studies of the aqueous extract of Cinnamomum cassia (CCAq). I. Anti-allergic action

Effect of the aqueous extract of Cinnamomum Cassia (CCAq) on experimental allergic reaction was investigated. IgE mediated reactions, homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), degranulation of mast cells, and the release of histamine from sensitized lung tissues classified as the type I reaction by Coombs and Gell were not affected by CCAq. Complement dependent reactions including reversed cutaneous anaphylaxis (RCA), Forssman cutaneous vasculitis (FCV), and nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis classified as type II and the Arthus reaction classified as type III were clearly inhibited by CCAq. However, CCAq did not affect the nephritis caused by the F(ab')2 portion of the nephrotoxic IgG antibody. CCAq in a high concentration inhibited the immunological hemolysis, chemotactic migration of neutrophils in response to complement activated serum, and the generation of chemotactic factors. The type IV reaction, contact dermatitis, was not affected by CCAq. The production of hemolytic plaque forming cells was slightly inhibited by CCAq. These results suggest that CCAq has an anticomplement action and inhibits the complement dependent allergic reaction.     

Effect of histamine H4 receptor antagonist on allergic rhinitis in mice

The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of histamine H₄ receptor antagonist, JNJ7777120 (1-[(5-Chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]-4-methyl-piperazine) on allergic rhinitis in mice. We measured allergic symptoms (sneezing and nasal rubbing), serum total IgE and the levels of cytokines in nasal lavage fluid. Histamine H₄ receptor antagonist, JNJ7777120, caused the dose-dependent inhibition of nasal symptoms by single and repeated intranasal administrations; however, JNJ7777120 caused no inhibition of serum total IgE by single and repeated intranasal administrations. Therefore, we investigated the effect of JNJ7777120 by oral administration. JNJ7777120 also caused a significant inhibition of nasal symptoms by both single and repeated oral administrations. In addition, repeated oral administration of JNJ7777120 caused significant inhibition of serum total IgE. Furthermore, JNJ7777120 caused a significant decrease in the levels of IL-4 and a significant increase in the levels of IFN-γ in nasal lavage fluid. These results indicated that histamine H₄ receptor is closely related with allergic rhinitis and is important in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. From these results, it can be concluded that histamine H₄ receptor antagonist might be a new strategy to treat allergic rhinitis with immunomodulatory function.     

Diospyros kaki calyx inhibits immediate-type hypersensitivity via the reduction of mast cell activation

Context: Diospyros kaki L. (Ebenaceae) fruit is widely distributed in Asia and is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects.

Objective: We evaluated the inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of D. kaki calyx (AEDKC) on mast cell-mediated immediate-type hypersensitivity and underlying mechanism of action.

Materials and methods: For in vivo, ovalbumin (OVA)-induced active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) and immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) models were used. In the ASA, AEDKC (1–100?mg/kg) was orally administered 3 times during 14 days. In the PCA, AEDKC was orally treated 1?h before the antigen challenge. The control drug dexamethasone was used to compare the effectiveness of AEDKC. For in vitro, IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells and primary cultured peritoneal mast cells were used to determine the role of AEDKC (0.01–1?mg/mL).

Results: Oral administration of AEDKC dose dependently suppressed rectal temperature decrease and increases in serum histamine, total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, and interleukin (IL)-4 in the ASA. In the PCA, AEDKC reduced Evans blue pigmentation. Compared to dexamethasone (10?mg/kg), AEDKC (100?mg/kg) showed similar inhibitory effects in vivo. AEDKC concentration dependently suppressed the release of histamine and β-hexosaminidase through the reduction of intracellular calcium in mast cells. In addition, AEDKC decreased the expression and secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-4 by the reduction of nuclear factor-κB. The inhibitory potential of AEDKC (1?mg/mL) was similar with dexamethasone (10?μM) in vitro.

Conclusions: We suggest that AEDKC may be a potential candidate for the treatment of mast cell-mediated allergic diseases.     

痹祺胶囊联合甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎的临床研究

目的 观察痹祺胶囊联合甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎的临床疗效。方法 选取2018年5月—2020年12月邯郸市中心医院收治的200例类风湿关节炎患者，根据信封抽签法将患者分为对照组和观察组，每组各100例。对照组温水送服甲氨蝶呤片，7.5 mg/次，1次/周。观察组在对照组的基础上温水送服痹祺胶囊，4粒/次，3次/d。两组连续治疗12周。观察两组患者的临床疗效，同时比较两组C反应蛋白（CRP）、类风湿因子滴度（RF）、抗链球菌溶血素"O"（ASO）、红细胞沉降率（ESR）、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）及补体C3、C4水平。结果 治疗后，观察组的临床总有效率为83.00%，显著高于对照组的69.00%（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组CRP、ASO、ESR和RF水平均显著下降（P<0.05）；治疗后，观察组的风湿四项指标水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组IgG、IgA、IgM均较治疗前下降（P<0.05）；治疗后，观察组的IgA、IgM、IgG均低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗前后补体C3、C4组间对比均未见统计学差异。结论 痹祺胶囊联合甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎患者，可有效控制疾病进展，调节血清免疫球蛋白水平，提高治疗效果。     

Tanshinone IIA alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis symptoms by inhibiting Th2 cytokine production and mast cell histamine release in mice

ContextStudies have shown that tanshinone IIA (TIIA) has an anti-inflammatory effect, but the effect on allergic rhinitis (AR) is unclear.ObjectiveIn this study, we explore the effect of TIIA on AR.Materials and methodsAR mice model was established by the intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 50 μg ovalbumin (OVA). AR mice in the dose tested groups were treated with TIIA (10 mg/kg/d, ip) or dexamethasone (Dex) (2.5 mg/kg/d, oral). The number of nasal rubbing in mice was counted. Inflammatory, goblet and mast cells in nasal mucosal tissue were detected. The contents of histamine, OVA-immunoglobulin E (IgE), OVA-immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-12 in nasal lavage fluid (NALF) or serum were measured. Human mast cells (HMC-1) were treated with C48/80 to release histamine or TIIA for therapeutic effect, and the cell viability, histamine content and mast cell degranulation were examined.ResultsOVA promoted the number of nasal rubbings in mice (78 times/10 min, p< 0.001), increased the inflammatory, goblet and mast cells in nasal mucosal tissue, and significantly (p< 0.001) elevated the levels of histamine (120 ng/mL), OVA-IgE (2 pg/mL), OVA-IgG1 (90 ng/mL), TNF-α (2.3 pg/mL), IL-4 (150 pg/mL) and IL-5 (65 pg/mL) in serum or NALF of OVA-induced AR mice. However, both TIIA and Dex inhibited the effect of OVA on AR mice. Besides, TIIA reversed the promotion of histamine release (30%) and mast cell degranulation induced by C48/80.Discussion and conclusionsTIIA alleviates OVA-induced AR symptoms in AR mice, and may be applied as a therapeutic drug for patients with Th2-, or mast cell-allergic disorders.     

Preventive effects of royal jelly against anaphylactic response in a murine model of cow’s milk allergy

Context: Royal jelly (RJ) has long been used to promote human health.

Objective: The current study investigated the preventive effects of RJ against the development of a systemic and intestinal immune response in mice allergic to cow’s milk proteins.

Materials and methods: Balb/c mice treated orally for seven days with RJ at doses of 0.5, 1 and 1.5?g/kg were sensitized intraperitoneally with β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg). Serum IgG and IgE anti-β-Lg were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plasma histamine levels, symptom scores and body temperature were determined after in vivo challenge to β-Lg. Jejunums were used for assessment of local anaphylactic responses by an ex vivo study in Ussing chambers and morphologic changes by histological analysis.

Results: RJ significantly decreased serum IgG (31.15–43.78%) and IgE (64.28–66.6%) anti-β-Lg and effectively reduced plasma histamine level (66.62–67.36%) (p?p?p?Discussion and conclusions: We speculate that using RJ may help prevent systemic and anaphylactic response in allergic mice. These effects may be related to its inhibitory effects on the degranulation of mast cells.     

Complement activation associated with polysorbate 80 in beagle dogs

Polysorbate 80 (Tween® 80) is the most extensively used surfactant in parenteral drug formulation. Its application as an adjunct for intravenous drug administration is approved by the Food and Drug Administration. However, severe hypersensitive reactions, which are typical non-immune anaphylactic reactions (pseudoallergy) characterized by the release of histamine and unvaried IgE antibodies, have been associated with Tween® 80. In order to explore the non-immune anaphylactic mechanisms of Tween® 80, we performed in vivo experiments to assess the changes in physiological and hematologic indicators after intravenous injection of Tween® 80 into dogs. Tween® 80 induced the release of histamine, and a 2-fold increase in SC5b-9, 2.5-fold increase in C4d, 1.3-fold increase in Bb, while IgE remained unchanged. It also produced changes in pulmonary pressure, systemic pressure and ECG. In in vitro experiments, Tween® 80 was incubated with dog serum in the presence of an inhibitor of complement activation (EGTA/Mg²⁺). Under these conditions, Tween® 80 increased the contents of C4d and Bb. The results of this study reveal that Tween® 80 can cause cardiopulmonary distress in dogs and activate the complement system through classical and alternative pathways as indicated in both in vivo and in vitro preparations. Moreover, they demonstrate the utility of the beagle dog as an animal model for the study of complement activation-related pseudoallergy. These findings raise concerns with regard to the indiscriminate use of Tween® 80 in clinical applications.     

人血白蛋白联合甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠对病毒性脑炎患儿脑脊液中SP-D和Gal-9水平的影响

目的 探讨人血白蛋白联合甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗病毒性脑炎的效果。方法 选择濮阳市油田总医院2016年1月至2018年2月收治的病毒性脑炎患儿86例,按随机数字表法分为对照组（n=43）与观察组（n=43）。对照组采用地塞米松治疗,观察组采用人血白蛋白联合注射用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠短期冲击治疗,治疗14 d后比较两组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后脑脊液牛乳糖凝集素-9（Gal-9）及肺泡表面活性物质相关蛋白D （SP-D）水平、免疫功能（IgA、IgG、IgM）。结果 观察组总有效率93.02%（40/43）,高于对照组的76.74%（33/43）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后两组脑脊液Gal-9水平较治疗前降低,脑脊液SP-D水平较治疗前升高,且治疗后观察组脑脊液Gal-9水平低于对照组,脑脊液SP-D水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后两组患者IgA、IgG、IgM水平较治疗前升高,且观察组IgA、IgG、IgM水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 采用人血白蛋白联合注射用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠短期冲击治疗病毒性脑炎可有效改善患者脑脊液Gal-9及SP-D水平,调节机体免疫功能,提高治疗效果。     

Immunomodulatory effects induced by intramuscular administration of autologous total immunoglobulin G in patients with atopic dermatitis

BackgroundPolyvalent human immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparations produced from the plasma pools of healthy blood donors have been used for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and allergic diseases because of their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We hypothesized that intramuscular administration of autologous total IgG would induce immunomodulatory effects in patients with allergic diseases, based on the clinical efficacy of autologous blood therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).MethodsSixteen adult AD patients with IgE-mediated sensitization to the house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) received intramuscular injections of 50 mg autologous total IgG twice a week for 4 weeks. The serum levels of IgE, IgG, and IgG4 antibodies to the recombinant group 2 major allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f 2) and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4, IL-12, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, and 12.ResultsThe serum level of IgE antibodies to Der f 2 was significantly decreased at 12 weeks compared with baseline (p < 0.005). The serum levels of IgG and IgG4 antibodies to Der f 2 were significantly increased at 4, 8, and 12 weeks compared with baseline (p < 0.05). The serum levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ were significantly increased at 4, 8, and 12 weeks compared with baseline (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the serum levels of IL-4 or IL-12 before and after intramuscular administrations of autologous total IgG (p > 0.05).ConclusionIntramuscular administration of autologous total IgG induced anti-allergic immunomodulatory effects in AD patients. Further studies are required to evaluate the detailed immunological mechanism underlying these effects.     

Immunopharmacological actions of lumin (I): Anti-allergic actions of lumin

We used lumin (4,4'-(3[2(1-ethyl-4-(1-H)quinolidene) ethylidene]) propenylene [bis(1-ethyl quinolinium iodide)]) as a photosensitive cyanin dye and studied its effects on various allergic reactions. We obtained the following results: Lumin slightly inhibited the production of IgE antibody, but showed no effect on the production of IgM and IgG antibodies. Lumin slightly inhibited homologous rat PCA at 48 hr. It also showed some inhibitory activity against histamine (His) release caused by in vitro antigen-antibody reaction. Lumin significantly inhibited the acceleration of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction by cyclophosphamide (CY). The above results suggest that lumin shows anti-allergic activity through the mediation of immunopharmacological activity.