结肠脾曲综合征19例分析

目的：探讨结肠脾曲综合征的临床表现、诊断方法及治疗手段。方法：通过钡灌肠确诊,3例单纯性结肠脾曲综合征采用非手术治疗,16例症状严重的患者行手术治疗。结果：全组病人症状均缓解,无手术并发症发生。结论：结肠脾曲综合征诊断主要依据X线钡灌肠造影,手术是该病的有效治疗手段。     

气钡双重造影在结肠癌诊断中的应用价值

为探讨气钡双重造影在结肠癌诊断中的应用价值,回顾经气钡双重造影检查诊断为结肠癌的40例患者X线征象资料,并与手术及病理检查结果进行对比分析。结果显示,术后病理检查诊断,结肠癌39例,肠结核1例,气钡双重造影X线摄片诊断准确率为97．5％（39／40）;39例经病理检查证实为结肠癌的患者气钡双重造影X线摄片显示,肿瘤位于升结肠6例,肝曲8例,横结肠4例,脾曲2例,乙状结肠19例,与手术所见完全一致,准确率为100％。结肠癌气钡双重造影主要X线表现为软组织肿块、充盈缺损、腔内龛影、肠壁增厚、肠管狭窄、边缘僵硬、肠黏膜破坏中断。结果表明,气钡双重造影诊断结肠癌准确率高,而且操作简单、易于掌握,在基层医院具有较高的应用价值。     

结肠脾曲综合征10例诊治体会

目的:探讨结肠脾曲综合征患者的临床表现、诊断方法及治疗手段.方法:对10例结肠脾曲综合征患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:患者临床表现为反复发作的腹痛、腹胀和便秘,易误诊;有8例病人通过X线钡灌肠造影诊断,有2例通过螺旋CT气钡双重成像诊断,均可显示结肠脾曲过高,迂曲成角甚至扭转,合并横结肠过长; 10例病人通过手术松解结肠脾曲,切除冗长结肠都取得良好疗效.结论:结肠脾曲综合征是由于先天性结肠脾曲固定点过高、横结肠冗长、横结肠左角狭窄的疾病 ,易误诊,诊断主要依据X线钡灌肠造影,手术是该病的有效治疗手段.     

结肠冗长症的诊断与治疗（附12例报告）

目的 总结我院12例结肠冗长患者的诊治经验。方法 对12例结肠冗长患者的临床特征、诊断及治疗进行回顾性分析。结果 结肠冗长主要表现为便秘、腹痛；可经X线钡灌肠确诊。手术治疗8例，非手术治疗4例，随访0．5－3年，手术效果满意，非手术治疗效果差。结论 结肠冗长可经X线钡灌肠确诊，手术治疗效果差，3岁以上有症状者应尽早手术治疗。     

结肠粘膜下肿瘤:一种以放射学表现特点为依据的新分类

结肠粘膜下肿瘤为一类位于结肠粘膜下的肿瘤的总称,其钡灌肠检查的典型表现为广基无蒂、边缘呈坡状突入腔内的病变。术前正确区分其组织学类别可减少不必要的手术,但迄今尚无以钡灌肠所见推测其组织学类型的报导。文中回顾性研究了病理证实的89例结肠粘膜下肿瘤的结肠气钡双对比造影及其组织学检查资料,目的是建立一种以X线形态学为依据的新分类法,并探讨这种分类与组织学类别的关系。     

食管憩室的气钡双重造影X线诊断

目的探讨食管憩室的气钡双重造影X线表现与诊断。方法对我院22例食管憩室患者气钡双重造影X线片进行回顾性分析,均摄正侧位及双斜位片,其中男16例,女6例。结果咽食管憩室4例,食管中段憩室12例,膈上憩室6例。一般呈类圆形或乳头状钡影突出,边缘光滑整齐,黏膜像显示黏膜伸入其中。结论食管气钡双重造影X线检查是诊断食管憩室的重要方法,少部分患者可表现出突出的临床症状和严重的并发症如憩室穿孔,甚至癌变,故临床高度怀疑病例应尽早行气钡双重X线造影检查。     

B型肠神经元发育异常症的诊断与手术治疗

目的：了解B型肠神经元发育异常症的诊断与手术治疗效果。方法：对45例该病患儿进行回顾性分析及远期随访。术前所有患儿均行钡灌肠X线检查，23例行下消化道动力学检测，17例行直肠粘膜活检加S100蛋白免疫组织化学染色。所有患儿均行病变肠段切除、结肠直肠吻合术。行多处全层活检手术标本。结果：本组中16例为单纯性B型肠神经元发育异常症，28例合并先天性巨结肠，1例合并肠神经节细胞减少。16例单纯性行钡灌肠X线检查时仅有4例可见确切的狭窄段，9例单纯性中有6例未出现直肠肛管抑制反射，17例活检中只有7例可获得提示性诊断。全层活检可准确诊断该病。术后3例发生小肠结肠炎患儿经保守治疗痊愈，1例发生闸门症候群而再次手术，其他患儿均能自解、自控大便。结论：全层活检是诊断该病的可靠方法。病变肠段切除、结肠直肠吻合术治疗本病可获得满意的疗效。     

十二指肠腺瘤并大出血诊治体会(附2例报告)

目的　探讨十二指肠腺瘤并大出血的诊断和治疗。方法　对 2例十二指肠腺瘤并大出血患者进行回顾性分析 ,并结合文献进行讨论。结果　 2例术前均行X线气钡双重造影、胃镜及肿块活检 ,但未确诊。 2例均行十二指肠切开、肿瘤切除术而痊愈。结论　十二指肠腺瘤早期多无临床症状 ,随着肿瘤的增大可并发肠梗阻或肿瘤溃疡出血而出现相应症状 ;X线钡餐和胃镜可发现肿瘤 ,但难于确诊 ,经内窥镜或十二指肠切开、肿瘤切除术是治疗本病的常用方法。     

部位少见骨软骨瘤2例

目的:分析便秘的原因,并评价结肠运输实验、气钡双重灌肠造影与排粪造影对诊断便秘的价值.方法:对136例临床诊断为便秘患者先做结肠运输实验,再做结肠气钡灌肠检查同时同步做排粪造影.结果:结肠运输实验异常者95例;气钡双重灌肠造影异常者89例,排粪造影异常者122例.综合分析结肠运输实验、气钡双重造影与同步排粪造影,诊断为结肠慢运输49例,气钡双重造影有异常(结肠延长或冗长、迂曲、下垂)89例,功能性出口梗阻117例,5例便秘者为精神、意识导致.结论结肠运输实验和结肠气钡双重造影同步排粪造影联合应用,能够更加准确区分结肠慢运输与功能性出口梗阻和结肠形态结构所致的便秘,进一步明确功能性出口梗阻的病因,为临床医生提供可靠的依据,有助于作出更准确、更全面的诊断和制定更恰当的治疗方案.     

十二指肠良性肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨十二指肠良性肿瘤(BTD)的诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析21年间经手术和病理证实的24例BTD患者的临床资料。行肿瘤局部切除术l8例，十二指肠节段切除术4例，毕I式胃大部切除术l例，保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术l例。结果 BTD临床上多表现为腹痛、上消化道出血和高位肠梗阻。气钡双重造影和十二指肠镜检查对十二指肠良性肿瘤的确诊率分别为82．4％和93．3％。手术后疗效满意，l例于术后6d死于心肌梗塞。病理检查结果为绒毛状腺瘤8例，间质瘤6例，Brunner腺瘤5例，平滑肌瘤和家族性腺瘤性息肉病十二指肠腺瘤各2例，血管瘤l例。结论 十二指肠气钡双重造影及十二指肠镜检查是诊断本病的主要方法；治疗首选手术切除。     

Treatment of polyps and villous tumors of the large intestine

Polyps and villous tumors were found in 1525 of 10624 patients (14.3%) aged from 40 to 60. In 82% of the cases they were in combination with ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum, with inflammatory diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract, diverticulitis, tumors of the colon. 1519 polypectomies and dissection of villous tumors both via the fibroscope, rectoscope and by transanal access were made. Complications were obtained in 5 patients, recurrent disease was noted in 3 patients (0.9%).     

Villous tumors of the colon

Under observation there were 26 men and 15 women with villous tumors of the colon. Radical operations were performed on 26 patients. Two of them died in the postoperative period. Eighteen patients survived for more than 5 years.     

Treatment of villous adenoma of distal parts of the colon

Results of treatment of 78 patients (mean age 64 years) operated for benign neoplasms of a colon distal part are presented. In histologic examination tubular adenoma was found in 34 cases, tubular-villose adenoma--in 27, villose adenoma with different degree of epithelium dysplasia--in 16. In 10 patients villous tumors were located in low-ampular part of the rectum at the distance less than 7 cm from dermal-mucose line of the anal canal, in 27 patients--at 8 to 12 cm, in 42--at 12 to 20 cm. Area of neoplasm base in 53 patients ranged from 1.0 to 2.0 cm2, in 15--from 2.1 to 6 cm2, in 11-43 cm2, it was 14 cm2 on the average. For patients of the first group wire endoscopic polipectomy was adequate procedure. In 25% patients with neoplasm area more 2 cm2 recurrence of the disease was revealed from 3 months to 1 year after staged endoscopic polipectomy. Possibility of incomplete removal of creeping neoplasm at staged endoscopic electroexcision dictates the necessity of control colonoscopy 1 month after the procedure. If villous tumor recurs during 1 year in spite of repeated endoscopic procedures, it is reasonable to resect the colon because of danger of malignant transformation of the tumor. In 12 patients with villous adenomas location at 7-20 cm from the anal ring transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) by G. Buess et al (1984) was performed. In follow-up for 25.8 months on the average recurrences of the disease were not revealed. TEM is thought as alternative to anterior resection of the rectum in benign tumors.     

Villous adenoma of the duodenum: A case report and review of the literature

A case of villous adenoma of the duodenum, with focal in situ carcinomatous changes, has been described with a review of forty-two other case reports from the world literature. Occult bleeding, resulting in anemia, and vague obstructive symptoms appear to be the most common presenting findings. The average age was 56.4 years, which was seven years younger than the average age for villous tumors of the colon. Adequate radiologic studies should establish the diagnosis preoperatively. These tumors obtain relatively large size before causing significant symptoms. Approximately one third showed carcinomatous changes, and approximately one half of these were in situ changes. Local segmental resection for duodenal villous tumors is desirable when possible. However, in areas where this is not feasible, local mucosal excision is acceptable for benign tumors and for those with in situ carcinoma. If invasive carcinoma is found in the excised specimen, pancreatoduodenectomy is recommended. Insufficient evidence is available to adequately evaluate survival for malignant villous tumors of the duodenum, but the available data suggest that the survival after treatment of malignant villous tumors is comparable to other malignant lesions originating in the duodenum.     

The role of colonoscopy in patient follow-up after surgery for colorectal cancer. A retrospective study and review of the literature

To improve survival rate after colon or rectum resection for cancer patients should be strictly followed up in order to identify possible local disease relapse or metachronous neoplasia. From October 2002 to January 2006, 864 patients had undergone colonoscopy and 68 were treated surgically for colorectal adenocarcinoma. Of these, 36 were men and 32 women, with a mean age of 63 years. Nineteen of the patients underwent a left colectomy, 28 an anterior resection, 18 a right colectomy and 3 a resection of the transverse colon. For all these patients follow-up program include a colonoscopy performed annually for the first two years, and subsequently, if the results were negative, after a further three and then five years. Out of 68 patients, 2 showed suspect anastomotic recurrence, which proved to be granulomas at the histological examination. In addition, in 11 cases, there were 3 right colon adenomatous polyps, 2 transverse colon polyps (one villous and the other tubular), 5 descending colon polyps (three tubular and two villous) and 1 tubulo-villous polyp of the rectum. No metachronous neoplasias were observed. An examination of the data resulting from our own 68 cases shows that, in spite of the fact that no local disease relapse or metachronous neoplasia was observed, the identification of 11 polyps would suggest that the use of colonoscopy in such patients might be the gold standard for early diagnosis of recurrences and new polyps.     

Villous adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum: a clinicopathologic study of 36 cases

Some colorectal adenocarcinomas show villous architecture with morphologic similarities to tubulovillous or villous adenomas. We reviewed 420 consecutive colorectal adenocarcinoma resection specimens and found that 95 tumors (23%) showed areas of villous architecture. Thirty-six tumors (8.6%) in 35 patients showed more than 50% villous architecture and were designated villous adenocarcinomas. Only 42% of the villous adenocarcinomas showed severe atypia and only 44% of the available pre-resection biopsies of these tumors were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. Epithelial islands in desmoplastic stroma (EIDS) may be helpful in the diagnosis of these tumors. EIDS were found in 97% of the resection specimens for villous adenocarcinomas and none of 62 resection specimens for tubulovillous or villous adenomas. The presence of EIDS showed a 67% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 100% predictive value in the diagnosis of villous adenocarcinoma in a blinded review of villous tumors. On review of the pre-resection biopsies of villous adenocarcinoma without a final diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, 40% showed EIDS. Clinical follow-up of the 35 patients with villous adenocarcinoma showed that only one died of colorectal adenocarcinoma (median follow-up, 46 months). This sole patient dying of colorectal adenocarcinoma showed a synchronous advanced stage of nonvillous adenocarcinoma at the time of diagnosis. Villous adenocarcinoma is a diagnostically challenging subset of colorectal adenocarcinoma, which appears to be associated with a favorable prognosis. Classifying these tumors as a special type of colorectal cancer may facilitate the development of diagnostic adjuncts and optimal treatment protocols.     

Villous tumors of the duodenum.

Villous tumors of the duodenum are rare, but treatment may be problematic because of their association with invasive adenocarcinoma. Two cases of villous tumor of the duodenum are described and 39 other reported cases are reviewed. Presenting symptoms were bleeding 27%; obstruction 24%; jaundice 22% and vague dyspepsia 20%. Diagnosis may be made by radiographic barium contrast evaluation of the duodenum, especially with the addition of air contrast hypotonic studies and by fibro-optic endoscopy. Twenty-seven per cent of villous tumors of the duodenum are associated with adenocarcinoma. Invasive tumor is more common in patients over 50 years old (35%), in tumors of the third and fourth portions of the duodenum (44%) and in tumors over 4 cm in diameter (30%). Local excision is the treatment of choice for benign lesions. Pancreatico-duodenectomy is recommended for tumors which include invasive carcinoma in patients without distal metastases.     

Neoplasms of the Small Bowel

Small bowel tumors are unusual lesions exhibiting nonspecific clinical features often diagnosed at an advanced stage. In the cases studied at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania nearly all the 32 patients with malignancies were symptomatic whereas in the 34 patients with benign lesions the condition was discovered as an incidental finding in about half of the patients. Weight loss, palpable mass or anemia usually indicated malignancy. Small bowel radiography was the most useful diagnostic aid in the present series. While the etiology of these lesions is unknown, villous adenomas probably bear a relationship to carcinoma. The association between chronic regional enteritis and small bowel tumors is unestablished but suggestive. An analysis of reported series reveals a disproportionate incidence of additional primary tumors in patients with small bowel neoplasms. Surgical extirpation is indicated for curative treatment. In the present series, resection in hope of cure was carried out in 25 of 32 malignant tumors resulting in eight five-year survivals. One of these latter lived nine years with disseminated malignant carcinoid reflecting the occasional indolent course of this tumor.     

Minimally invasive treatment of synchronous colorectal tumours

In patients with colorectal cancers synchronous neoplastic lesions are an increasingly frequent finding at preoperative staging; 3% of the cases are other cancers while 33-35% of the synchronous lesions are villous adenomas. The treatment of most colorectal adenomas can be performed by endoscopic poplypectomy. In 5% of cases there are synchronous colorectal lesions also requiring surgical treatment. From January 1995 to June 2007 we treated 5 patients with rectal lesions by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) together with a laparoscopic colectomy for the presence of synchronous lesions at the "Clinica Chirurgica Generale e d'Urgenza" of the University of Perugia,. Surgical timing involved performing a sequential exeresis characterised by a cancer resection, followed by resection of the voluminous adenoma: TEM for rectal cancer followed by a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with an extracorporeal anastomosis for a voluminous villous adenoma (1 patient) and laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with an extracorporeal anastomosis for cancer followed by TEM for a voluminous villous adenoma (2 patients). One patient with left colon cancer associated with a voluminous villous rectal adenoma first underwent TEM for the rectal adenoma and then a left laparoscopic hemicolectomy with an extracorporeal anastomosis in order to ease the transit of the circular mechanical stapler. Another patient with rectal and right colon adenomas first underwent TEM for a voluminous rectal sessile adenoma and later a right hemicolectomy. The use of this minimally invasive approach allowed rectum preservation and less invasive surgery.