西宁地区新生儿先天性心脏病的早期临床特征

目的：分析新生儿先天性心脏病的早期临床特征，为临床诊治提供依据。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声心动图（CDFM）确诊先心痛116例。结果：新生儿先天性心脏病最常见的临床表现为窒息、青紫、心脏杂音、呼吸急促、喂养困难。先天性心脏病非青紫型87例，青紫型29例。结论：新生儿先天性心脏病早期临床表现不典型，心脏杂音、青紫、气促最常见。非青紫型先天性心脏病以房间隔缺损多见，与以往报导不同。高海拔地区新生儿先天性心脏病易合并肺动脉高压。彩色多普勒超声心动图检查对先天性心脏病的诊断及预后判断具有重要意义。     

新生儿先天性心脏病的诊治分析

目的探讨新生儿先天性心脏病尤其是青紫型先心病的临床症候、治疗和诊断方法。方法回顾分析本院新生儿科近7年收治的164例先天性心脏病患儿住院临床资料。结果①主要畸形类型非青紫型先心病前二位为室间隔缺损（VSD）、房间隔缺损（ASD），青紫型先心病前二位中以肺动脉瓣狭窄（PS）、法洛氏四联症（TOF）最多。②临床表现主要为青紫、呼吸急促、心脏杂音。辅助检查中心脏彩超、血气分析的诊断价值较高。③内科治疗包括强心、利尿、扩血管药物和前列腺素E1（PCEI）的运用。结论新生儿出生后即刻青紫和呼吸困难，经给氧治疗症状不消失，但对刺激反应仍较强，血气示严重低二氧化碳血症与严重低氧血症并存，高度提示紫绀型先心病的可能。尽早明确诊断并给予适当的内外科治疗有助于提高其生存率和改善预后。     

新生儿紫绀型先天性心脏病的彩超诊断价值

目的探讨彩超对新生儿紫绀型先天性心脏病的诊断价值。方法对149例青紫的新生儿进行彩超检查．诊断紫绀型先心病25例并分析其疾病类型。结果25例紫绀型先心病中存在大动脉转位、法乐四联症、单心室、永存动脉干等复杂畸形，其中大动脉转位最多见，其次为法乐四联症，单心室位居第3。结论彩超可作为青紫新生儿先心病的常规筛查手段。     

产前常规胎儿超声心动图对先天性心脏病的诊断价值

摘要目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图在胎儿先天性心脏病产前筛查中的价值。方法：对1500例22~27周胎儿行常规超声心动图筛查,与上一级医院检查结果或产后新生儿超声检查结果进行对比分析。结果：胎儿超声心动图检查出心脏畸形19例,其中复杂先天性心脏病部分合并心外畸形2例,完全性心内膜垫缺损3例,主动脉弓离断伴室间隔缺损1例,单纯室间隔缺损5例,房间隔缺损5例,肺动脉瓣狭窄2例,单心室1例。产后超声心动图随访或引产尸检结果与产前诊断相符。漏诊室间隔缺损3例,房间隔缺损2例。结论：应用彩色超声心动图对胎儿先天性心脏病进行产前筛查有重要的作用,可以提高出生人口素质,降低出生婴儿死亡率。     

婴幼儿先心病伴反复下呼吸道感染临床分析

婴幼儿先天性心脏病（先心病）伴反复下呼吸道感染31例，其中无紫绀型27例，紫绀型4例，无紫绀型中以室间隔缺损（VSD）为多（70．97％），先心病患者下呼吸道感染病程长（平均21．8天，最长84天），且反复发生（每人前后住院2－9次），心功能不全发生率72．2％。对婴幼儿先心病易反复下呼吸道感染的病因，病理机制及治疗进行了讨论。     

产前常规胎儿超声心动图对先天性心脏病的诊断价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图在胎儿先天性心脏病产前筛查中的价值。方法:对1 500例22~27周胎儿行常规超声心动图筛查,与上一级医院检查结果或产后新生儿超声检查结果进行对比分析。结果:胎儿超声心动图检查出心脏畸形19例,其中复杂先天性心脏病部分合并心外畸形2例,完全性心内膜垫缺损3例,主动脉弓离断伴室间隔缺损1例,单纯室间隔缺损5例,房间隔缺损5例,肺动脉瓣狭窄2例,单心室1例。产后超声心动图随访或引产尸检结果与产前诊断相符。漏诊室间隔缺损3例,房间隔缺损2例。结论:应用彩色超声心动图对胎儿先天性心脏病进行产前筛查有重要的作用,可以提高出生人口素质,降低出生婴儿死亡率。     

胎儿心脏超声筛查在先天性心脏病检测中的应用价值观察

目的探讨胎儿心脏超声筛查在先天性心脏病检测中的临床价值。方法分析了我院筛查的656例孕妇的临床资料,应用心脏超声对胎儿心脏进行检查,仔细筛查观察胎儿心脏结构形态,胎儿出生后一周内均进行新生儿彩色多普勒超声心动图检测。结果 656例孕妇经心脏超声筛查,诊断心脏结构异常20例,包括6例三尖瓣下移畸形,5例心内膜垫缺损,3例室间隔缺损,2例单心室,2例肺动脉瓣狭窄伴右室发育不良,1例法洛四联症,1例三房心。新生儿超声检查确诊心脏结构异常22例,心尖部室间隔缺损2例产前检查漏诊。胎儿心脏超声筛查显示产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏病的敏感性为90.91%,特异性为100%。结论心脏超声检查具有安全、无创、诊断准确性高等优点,已经成为胎儿先天性心脏病筛查的首选方法 。     

产前超声诊断胎儿先心病的初步体会

目的：探讨产前超声诊断胎儿先天性心脏病的临床价值。方法：对652例16周以上具有高危因素的孕妇进行胎儿超声心动图检查，对疑有或确诊先天性心脏病的胎儿进行动态追踪观察。结果：发现胎儿心脏异常83例（12．7％），其中疑诊或确诊胎儿先天性心脏病29例（4．4％），成功随访及病检证实先天性心脏病患儿25例，产后超声检查发现3例房间隔缺损为假阳性，占检出先天性心脏病的10％；另外，漏诊1例室间隔缺损，产后超声检查发现患儿心脏有小室间隔缺损，为假阴性1例，占检出先天性心脏病的3．4％。结论：产前超声心动图筛查胎儿心脏疾病，减少出生缺陷是可行的，具有临床应用价值。     

彩色多普勒超声在胎儿心脏畸形诊断中的诊断价值

0 引言 先天性心脏病（简称先心病）占我国新生儿8‰～12‰,其中复杂难治易出生死亡的占20％．随着彩色超声诊断仪分辨率的不断提高,胎儿心脏畸形产前超声诊断取得了突破性进展,采用心脏四腔心切面基础上结合多切面扫查胎儿心脏,多数胎儿先心病可检出．2004-02／2008-06,我们对产前检查的3265例孕妇进行回顾性分析,探讨彩色多普勒超声在产前诊断胎儿心脏畸形的临床价值．     

超声心动图在先天性心脏病产前诊断中的价值

目的：探讨超声心动图产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏病的价值。方法：对62例妊娠24周以上，产前有胎儿先心病高危因素的孕妇进行胎儿超声心动图检查。结果：发现胎儿先天性心脏病6例，其中复杂畸形2例，室间隔缺损2例，三尖瓣下移畸形1例，房间隔膨出瘤1例。结论：胎儿超声心动图是目前产前无创诊断先心病有效而安全的方法，可用于对高危因素孕妇进行胎儿先心病筛查。     

Cardiovascular malformations in Malaysian neonates with Down's syndrome

A prospective study was done to determine the incidence of cardiovascular malformations in neonates with Down's syndrome. 17/34 (50%) of the babies with Down's syndrome born at the Maternity Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia had congenital heart defects. These included 7 cases of ventricular septal defect (VSD), 3 cases of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 2 cases of atrio-ventricular canal defect, 2 cases of ventricular septal defect with patent ductus arteriosus, 1 case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 1 case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and 1 case of complex cyanotic heart. Only 8/17 (47%) of these babies had any clinical signs suggesting underlying cardiac defects. In view of the common occurrence of cardiac anomalies, it is recommended that echocardiographic screening should be carried out on all neonates with Down's syndrome.     

55例主动脉窦瘤的外科治疗

目的：探讨先天性动脉窦瘤（ＣＡＳＶ）的外科治疗方法。方法：对５５例动脉窦行外科治疗,其中窦瘤切除修补术２２例（４０％）,窦瘤切除加房、室间事缺损修补２５例（４２％）,窦瘤切除加主动脉成形３例,窦瘤切除修补加主动脉瓣置换５例。结果：全组手术死亡２例,其中１例死于手术后急性肾功衰竭,另１例死于手术后纵隔感染致心脏大出血,余患者均痊愈出院,结论：心脏超声（ＵＣＧ）具有确诊和手术指导意义。窦瘤的破裂对心功     

Incidence of congenital heart disease in tertiary care hospital

Aims and Objectives: The present study was under taken to determine the spectrum, clinical profile and outcome of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective, observational hospital based study conducted during January 2006 to December 2006. Out of 14461 admissions, 84 were cases of CHD. Only patients with echocardiographic proof of CHD were included in the study. Detailed clinical and laboratory findings and outcome of all cases were noted in pre-structured formats. Data were entered in MS-excel. Data was analyzed by software SPSS version 10. Results: The incidence of CHD was 5.8 per 1000 hospitalized patients. Out of 84 CHD cases, 51 were males and 33 females; with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. CHD presented more frequently during infancy (46 %). Acyanotic heart disease was detected in 58 (69 %) cases while cyanotic heart disease was detected in 26 (31%) cases. Among acyanotic heart disease, ventricular septal defect (VSD) was found in 49 (58.3%), atrial septal defect (ASD) in 4 patients (4.8%), endocardial cushion defect (ECD) in 2 patients (2.4%) and dextrocardia was found in 3 patients (3.6%). Among cyanotic heart disease, Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) accounted for 13.1%, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) 3.6%, transposition of great arteries (TGA) with VSD 1.2% and unspecified cases of heart disease was found in 13.1%. VSD and TOF were the most common lesions while other CHD like ASD, dextrocardia, TAPVC, ECD, TGA with VSD were encountered less frequently. The most common clinical presentations were failure to thrive (FTT) and developmental delay (86.9%), breathlessness (69%), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (52%), congestive cardiac failure (CCF) (46%), cyanosis (20.2%), cyanotic spell (9.5%) and infective endocarditis (9.5%). The mortality rate was 20 %. Conclusion: The incidence of CHD was 5.8 per thousand hospitalized children. VSD, TOF were the most common congenital cardiac lesion. VSD was observed either isolated or associated with other lesions like TGA. The mortality rate was 20 %. The mortality usually occurred in those patients complicated with congestive cardiac failure, lower respiratory tract infection and infective endocarditis. Key words: congenital heart disease, epidemiology, ventricular septal defect, Tetralogy of Fallot.     

新生儿紫绀型先天性心脏病的彩超诊断价值

目的 探讨彩超对新生儿紫绀型先天性心脏病的诊断价值。方法 对149例青紫的新生儿进行彩超检查,诊断紫绀型先心病25例并分析其疾病类型。结果 25例紫绀型先心病中存在大动脉转位、法乐四联症、单心室、永存动脉干等复杂畸形,其中大动脉转位最多见,其次为法乐四联症,单心室位居第3。结论 彩超可作为青紫新生儿先心病的常规筛查手段。     

Pattern of congenital heart diseases

This prospective observational study was done to find out the frequency of various forms of congenital heart disease (CHD) diagnosed by echocardiography. During the study period (January 2002 to December 2005) 2050 patients were screened by echocardiography. All patients were evaluated by cardiologists and had chest radiograph, electrocardiogram and echocardiography. Total 2050 patients were studied and among them 1071 had congenital heart disease. Male was 561(52.38%) and female was 510(47.62%). Atrial septal defect (ASD) was 374(34.92%), ventricular septal defect (VSD) was 318(29.69%), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 83(7.75%), pulmonary stenosis (PS) 58(5.42%), tetralogy of Fallot 162(15.13%), transposition of great vessels (TGA) 16(1.49%), Ebstein anomaly 5(0.4%), coarctation of aorta 1(0.09%) and single ventricle 2(0.19%). This distribution is more or less similar to that reported in studies at home and abroad. In this study atrial septal defect (ASD) was the commonest in acyanotic CHD and tetralogy of Fallot was the commonest cyanotic CHD.     

先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患者的外科治疗体会

目的总结64例合并肺动脉高压心脏疾病的外科治疗经验。方法在体外循环下,采用根治性手术治疗。结果全组无死亡病例。结论综合评价病情,正确掌握手术适应证,充分的术前准备,恰当的围术期处理及手术技术的进步是提高先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压患者外科治疗成功率的关键。     

彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断新生儿先天性心脏病98例

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图在新生儿先天性心脏病中的诊断价值。方法：2003年1月～2007年10月检查新生儿435例,检出先心病者98例,检出率22．5％。探查切面：左室长轴、大动脉短轴、四腔心（胸骨旁、心尖,必要时胸骨上窝探查主动脉弓）。复杂畸形者按心脏三级顺序分段法检查并作出诊断。结果：本组病例常见类型的顺位是左向右分流畸形占77．6％,右向左分流型占11．2％;肺动脉出口梗阻占4．1％;左室流出道梗阻3．1％。结论：为减少先心病的发病和减少死亡,应重视胎儿心脏超声检查,早期发现重症先心病及时终止妊娠;生后对先心病也应早做超声诊断,发现重症及早外科治疗,轻者定期随访。     

右室双出口45例外科治疗体会

目的:探讨右室双出口矫治的外科治疗经验。方法:45例右室双出口患者,其中室间隔缺损位于主动脉瓣下33例,肺动脉瓣下8例,两大动脉下2例,远离两大动脉2例。其中行根治术43例,全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术1例,肺动脉环缩术1例。结果:术后早期4例病人死亡,余41例均恢复良好,超声心动图示心室流出道通畅,无残余分流。结论:右室双出口解剖类型复杂多样,根据不同的解剖类型,选择最佳的手术方式和手术时机,保证重建的左右心室流出道通畅,是手术成功的关键。合理的围术期治疗是保证疗效的必要措施。     

超声心动图在新生儿期筛查先天性心脏病的意义

目的分析先天性心脏病的发生情况,探讨超声心动图对先天性心脏病早期筛查的临床意义。方法对5140例新生儿进行超声心动图检查,并对确诊为先天性心脏病的患儿和需排除生理性表现者进行追踪随访。结果超声心动图诊断先天性心脏病共166例,其中以非紫绀型常见,156例,占93.98%;紫绀型10例,占6.02%。随访过程中44例非紫绀型先天性心脏病患儿自愈,8例死亡,死亡疾病类型多为紫绀型先天性心脏病。结论超声心动图在新生儿期筛查出先天性心脏病,可动态观察疾病的转归情况,为临床适时、合理治疗提供了保证。