表现为鼻出血的创伤性颈动脉损伤的治疗体会

回顾分析5例头面部外伤后鼻出血的创伤性颈动脉损伤患者临床资料,均经全脑血管造影检查明确诊断.2例颌内动脉分支损伤,以聚乙烯醇颗粒及明胶海绵栓塞;1例颈内动脉海绵窦瘘并蝶窦腔内假性动脉瘤形成,球囊闭塞瘘口和颈内动脉,再于后交通动脉近心端手术夹闭颈内动脉;1例颈内动脉自床突段闭塞,采用球囊闭塞颈内动脉主干;1例颈内动脉海绵窦末段假性动脉瘤,采用弹簧圈结合液态胶栓塞.术后无一例鼻出血复发.头面部外伤后鼻出血严重或反复鼻出血者,应行CT血管造影或全脑血管造影检查,及时明确诊断,尽早治疗.     

大脑中动脉闭塞合并颅内动脉瘤

本文报告8例大脑中动脉闭塞合并颅内动脉瘤,男6例,女2例,平均年龄58岁。7例动脉瘤破裂出血之前无脑缺血症状,仅1例动脉瘤破裂前有大脑中动脉血栓形成病史。8例动脉瘤均发生于大脑中动脉闭塞同侧。动脉瘤分布部位:前交通支动脉2例,后交通动脉3例,大脑前动脉1例,大脑后动脉,颈内动脉 C_2段各1例。脑血管造影可见大脑中动脉闭塞均在中动脉起始部,大脑中动脉分布区有充分代偿供血且动脉瘤的载瘤动脉为代偿供血的主要动脉.我们认为,大脑中动脉闭塞以后可以导致其它脑血管的血流动力学改变,后者又可以加剧动脉血管壁的变性损伤,最终形成动脉瘤。     

脑供血动脉闭塞与颅内动脉瘤形成关系的初步分析

目的初步评价脑供血动脉闭塞与颅内动脉瘤发生之间的关系。方法本研究分析了8例脑供血动脉闭塞伴有颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果8例患者中单侧颈内动脉闭塞7例,双侧颈内动脉及一侧椎动脉同时闭塞1例。8例患者共检出动脉瘤11枚,多发动脉瘤患者3例,所有动脉瘤均位于Willis环,其中9枚动脉瘤采用了血管内栓塞治疗,致密栓塞5例,本组病例未发生技术相关并发症。I临床随访9个月～14年,提示所有患者出院后病情稳定,无新发神经功能缺损。结论脑供血动脉闭塞后代偿血管的血流动力学变化与颅内动脉瘤的生成密切相关。     

颅内后循环远端动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的回顾性分析20例以电熔断解脱弹簧圈栓塞的后循环远端动脉瘤的治疗结果,探讨颅内动脉后循环远端动脉瘤的介入治疗方法与安全性。方法20例患者(其中18例以自发性蛛网膜下腔出血起病,2例以头痛起病)经造影证实大脑后动脉、小脑上动脉、小脑前下动脉、小脑后下动脉之远端动脉瘤分别为2例、4例、4例、10例。其中小脑上动脉供血之动静脉畸形1例,伴有血流相关破裂动脉瘤。小脑后下动脉远端多发动脉瘤1例。所有动脉瘤均采用GDC、EDC或Matrix弹簧圈栓塞。其中单纯栓塞动脉瘤2例;栓塞动脉瘤同时栓塞载瘤动脉18例。结果所有病例栓塞操作均顺利完成,无手术相关的死亡,术后出现一过性功能障碍2例;载瘤动脉栓塞后多数可见侧支供血,未见叫显的小脑供血减少。结论后循环远端动脉瘤由于动脉瘤特性、载瘤动脉细小、动脉瘤与载瘤动脉比例等因素,多需要闭塞载瘤动脉。为避免可能造成的侧支血管的闭塞,建议用弹簧圈栓塞。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂出血后假性动脉瘤的影像学特征及血管内栓塞治疗

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂出血后存其破口周围所形成的假性动脉瘤与真性动脉瘤复合体的影像学特征及血管内治疗方法，并客观评价其治疗效果：方法 对44例破裂性动脉瘤采用CT及DSA等影像学检查；并对这种真性与假性动脉瘤复合体采用电解可脱性弹簧圈进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞。结果 44个破裂性动脉瘤均在其破口周围形成假性动脉瘤，按DSA的影像表现将其分为三型：其中A型9例，B型23例，C型12例：44个动脉瘤均被成功栓塞，其中真性动脉瘤腔100％闭塞者37个．95％闭塞者5个，90％闭塞者2个；9例A型与23例B型假性动脉瘤腔均未行弹簧圈填塞，12例C型中10例仅用弹簧圈疏松填塞假性动脉瘤腔，另2例用3D—GDC仅栓塞真性动脉瘤腔部分。术中并发症：动脉瘤破裂1例，脑血管痉孪2例，脑梗搴1例。术后1例复发者经二次补充填塞GDC治愈。其治疗结果根据Glasgow预后评分：Ⅰ级40例，Ⅱ级2例，Ⅲ级1例，全组死亡1例。术后随访3—60个月均无再出血。结论 颅内动脉瘤破裂出血后住破口周围可以形成假性动脉瘤，其特征在DSA影像上可表现为三种类型；对这种真性与假性动脉瘤复合体采用电解可脱性弹簧圈进行血管内囊内栓塞疗效可靠。     

弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤即时效果与远期疗效分析

目的 评价用机械可脱性弹簧圈（ＭＤＳ）及电解可脱性弹簧圈（ＧＤＣ）栓塞２１例颅内动脉瘤的远期疗效。方法 用ＭＤＳ或ＧＤＣ栓塞２２例２３个动脉瘤,有２１例术后临床随访,其中１３例脑血造影随访。结果 栓塞后即刻造影,动脉瘤完全闭塞１４个,次全闭塞８个,部分闭塞１个,术后６～３６个月脑血管造影复查１３例,动脉瘤完全闭塞４个,次全闭塞５个,部分闭塞４个,其中３例再次栓塞,术后２１例临床随访１７～４３个月,改良Ｒａｎｋｉｎ评分：０分１６例,１分５例。６例术前有动脉流压迫症状,术后３～５个月缓解或部分缓解。１例次全闭塞动脉瘤术后６个月复发、再出血,结论 弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤后远期结果良好,但仍有可能复发,瘤颈处疏松填塞以及血流冲击导致弹簧圈压缩是动脉瘤再通或再生长的主要原因。     

以鼻衄为主要症状的颈内动脉假性动脉瘤的诊断治疗探讨

目的:探讨外伤性颈内动脉假性动脉瘤的诊断、治疗。方法:收集我院1992年来收治的以外伤后鼻衄为主要症状的颈内动脉假性动脉瘤患者7例,经DSA全脑血管造影证实诊断,分别采肜血管内治疗或手术治疗。结果:血管内治疗6例,均治愈;1例因在院外已行患侧颈外动脉结扎无法行血管内治疗而行颈内动脉颅内段夹闭术,亦治愈。结论:血管内栓塞治疗损伤小,效果可靠,不仅用于平诊亦可用于急诊抢救,是颈内动脉假性动脉瘤的首选治疗方法。     

自制微弹簧圈血管内闭塞颅内动脉瘤（附20例临床报告）

自１９９３年１月～８月，我们用自制微弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤２０例，其中包括蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）急性期病例４例。２０例中，动脉瘤分布为颈内动脉海绵窦段２例，颈内－后交通动脉３例，颈动脉窝动脉（颈眼动脉动脉瘤）２例，颈内动脉分叉部４例，前交通动脉７例，基底动脉下段动脉１例，大脑后动脉１例，均做了微弹簧圈动脉瘤内闭塞术，其中１４例完全闭塞，其余６例部分闭塞（准备第二次栓塞）。除２例前交通动脉瘤在闭塞动脉瘤同时亦闭塞了同侧前动脉（无任何症状）以外，其余１８例均保持载瘤动脉通畅。２０例栓塞无一例死亡及手术并发症。     

外伤性颈内动脉假性动脉瘤的介入栓塞治疗(附2例报告)

目的探讨在数字减影血管造影（DSA）透视下用介入栓塞的方法治疗外伤性颈内动脉假性动脉瘤。方法对2例颅脑外伤合并严重鼻出血的患者进行DSA造影,证实有外伤性颈内动脉假性动脉瘤,并且经脑动脉环侧枝功能检测显示功能良好,均给予介入栓塞治疗。结果 2例患者假性动脉瘤栓塞完全,栓塞术后脑血管造影显示脑动脉环侧枝功能良好,无任何并发症和后遗症。结论DSA透视下介入栓塞治疗是治疗外伤性颈内动脉假性动脉瘤首选方法。     

颅内巨大动脉瘤诊断与治疗的探讨

用血管内栓塞技术治疗８例颅内巨大动脉瘤。其中５例位于颈内动脉海绵窦段，２例位于颈内动脉床突上段，１例在基底动脉主干。治疗方法：３例用弹簧圈闭塞颈内动脉，３例用可脱性球囊堵塞颈内动脉，１例用球囊堵塞基底动脉主干，１例经压迫动脉后自行血栓闭塞，治疗效果良好。     

微血管多普勒超声在颈内动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨微血管多普勒超声(MVD)在颈内动脉瘤手术中的应用.方法 采用探头频率20MHz、直径1.5 mm,对32例颈内动脉瘤患者(共计36个动脉瘤)进行动脉瘤夹闭前后血流动力学监测.术后血管造影进行评估.结果 所有患者均能在动脉瘤顶或瘤体部监测到涡流样或毛刺样血流信号、闻及杂音.动脉瘤夹闭术后即刻监测,发现载瘤动脉狭窄8例,闭塞1例;动脉瘤夹闭不全2例,均经调整瘤夹位置,显示载瘤动脉远段的血流频谱形态和音频信号正常,术后经DSA/CTA证实.以上情况的发生与动脉瘤大小及载瘤动脉有粥样硬化斑块有关.结论 MVD可作为颅内动脉瘤手术的常规检测方法,尤其对瘤颈粗、甚至无明显瘤颈的巨大型动脉瘤手术具有指导意义.     

翼点微骨孔入路治疗颅内前循环动脉瘤

目的探讨应用微骨孔入路治疗颅内前循环动脉瘤的临床效果。方法2000年11月～2001年12月采用翼点微骨孔入路治疗前循环动脉瘤病人83例,共86个动脉瘤。其中颈内动脉眼段动脉瘤3例,颈内动脉C2段动脉瘤40例,颈内动脉分叉部动脉瘤4例,前交通动脉瘤19例,前动脉水平段动脉瘤2例,中动脉水平段5例,中动脉分叉部动脉瘤13例。结果成功治疗前循环动脉瘤病人83例,共夹闭86个动脉瘤。术后出现肢体活动障碍4例,占4.8%;无手术死亡。术后80例复查脑血管造影,显示动脉瘤消失。无与开颅入路相关的并发症。本组均未输异体血液,术中采用自体血回收后输血26例。结论翼点微骨孔入路夹闭颅内前循环动脉瘤,可以降低手术中的医源性损伤并获得满意的手术效果。     

Aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery and subclavian artery in association with congenital absence of unilateral internal carotid artery]

We encountered a rare case of unilateral internal carotid arterial defect complicated with anterior communicating aneurysm and subclavian artery aneurysm. The patient was a 56-year-old man in whom cerebral angiography and 3D-CTA revealed defects in the right internal carotid artery and the right carotid canal, and an unruptured aneurysm in the anterior communicating artery. In addition, the patient was also found to have an unruptured aneurysm in the right subclavian artery. As both the aneurysms were considered to have a high risk of rupture and such subclavian aneurysms were likely to cause an embolism, radical surgery was performed for each aneurysm. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged without ambulatory limitations. Although the defect in the internal carotid artery is a relatively rare vascular deformity, the incidence of cerebral aneurysm is about 30% in such cases due to the marked hemodynamic stress involved. On the other hand, there have been only two previous case reports of internal carotid arterial defect complicated with a subclavian aneurysm. Moreover, there have been no previous reports of internal carotid arterial defect complicated with both an intracranial aneurysm and a subclavian aneurysm, as observed in the present case. Thus, this case was very rare and is reported here.     

Willis覆膜支架治疗颈内动脉颅内段创伤性假性动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨Willis覆膜支架治疗颈内动脉颅内段创伤性假性动脉瘤的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2013年12月至2019年5月中国人民解放军中部战区总医院神经外科收治的15例颈内动脉颅内段创伤性假性动脉瘤患者的临床资料。术中根据载瘤动脉的直径和累及病变血管的长度选择合适尺寸的Willis覆膜支架。术后对所有患者常规行头颅Dyna-CT复查和支架重建。出院后对所有患者行门诊随访,随访内容包括复查头颅数字减影血管造影(DSA),以判断动脉瘤是否复发;同时行改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分,以判断患者预后。结果15例患者中,12例均一次性成功置入Willis覆膜支架;另3例置入Willis覆膜支架后存在"内漏",其中1例行1次球囊扩张后"内漏"消失,2例术后连续1~2个月辅助压迫病变侧颈动脉。术后即刻DSA显示,所有患者的血管重建成功,假性动脉瘤均消失。术后1例患者因重型颅脑创伤死亡,其余14例术后复查Dyna-CT均未见新发脑梗死和脑出血。所有患者均无手术相关并发症。14例患者的随访时间为(5.4±1.6)个月(3.0~8.0个月)。术后3个月,14例患者的mRS评分为,1~2分10例,3分4例。随访期间,12例患者获得DSA随访,至末次随访均未复发,其中2例存在"内漏"的患者于术后4个月随访时"内漏"消失。结论初步推测Willis覆膜支架治疗颈内动脉颅内段创伤性假性动脉瘤是安全、有效的;可能是理想材料之一。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂合并颅脑损伤5例分析

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂合并颅脑损伤的临床特征,以此鉴别创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血。方法对我院近三年来收治的5例颅内动脉瘤破裂合并颅脑损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,总结其临床特征。结果 4例患者入院后急诊经CTA检查证实为颅内动脉瘤破裂出血,其中前交通动脉瘤2例,大脑中动脉瘤1例,颈内动脉-后交通动脉瘤l例;1例患者为动脉瘤再次破裂后行CTA检查示颈内动脉-后交通动脉瘤。急诊开颅血肿清除及动脉瘤夹闭术2例,动脉瘤夹闭术1例,血管内介入栓塞治疗术1例,药物保守治疗1例。恢复良好3例,重残1例,死亡l例。结论对伴有颅脑外伤史的蛛网膜下腔出血应注意考虑颅内动脉瘤破裂的可能,以便采取积极合理的治疗方案。     

Size and Location of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

Objective

The aim of study was to review our patient population to determine whether there is a critical aneurysm size at which the incidence of rupture increases and whether there is a correlation between aneurysm size and location.

Methods

We reviewed charts and radiological findings (computed tomography (CT) scans, angiograms, CT angiography, magnetic resonance angiography) for all patients operated on for intracranial aneurysms in our hospital between September 2002 and May 2004. Of the 336 aneurysms that were reviewed, measurements were obtained from angiograms for 239 ruptured aneurysms by a neuroradiologist at the time of diagnosis in our hospital.

Results

There were 115 male and 221 female patients assessed in this study. The locations of aneurysms were the middle cerebral artery (MCA, 61), anterior communicating artery (ACoA, 66), posterior communicating artery (PCoA, 52), the top of the basilar artery (15), internal carotid artery (ICA) including the cavernous portion (13), anterior choroidal artery (AChA, 7), A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (3), A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (11), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA, 8), superior cerebellar artery (SCA, 2), P2 segment of the posterior cerebral artery (1), and the vertebral artery (2). The mean diameter of aneurysms was 5.47±2.536 mm in anterior cerebral artery (ACA), 6.84±3.941 mm in ICA, 7.09±3.652 mm in MCA and 6.21±3.697 mm in vertebrobasilar artery. The ACA aneurysms were smaller than the MCA aneurysms. Aneurysms less than 6 mm in diameter included 37 (60.65%) in patients with aneurysms in the MCA, 43 (65.15%) in patients with aneurysms in the ACoA and 29 (55.76%) in patients with aneurysms in the PCoA.

Conclusion

Ruptured aneurysms in the ACA were smaller than those in the MCA. The most prevalent aneurysm size was 3-6 mm in the MCA (55.73%), 3-6 mm in the ACoA (57.57%) and 4-6 mm in the PCoA (42.30%). The more prevalent size of the aneurysm to treat may differ in accordance with the location of the aneurysm.     

覆膜支架血管内治疗颅内动脉瘤:附九例报告

目的探讨覆膜支架治疗颅内动脉瘤的适应证和临床疗效。方法经脑血管造影检查明确诊断的9例颅内动脉瘤患者(4例颈内动脉海绵窦段宽颈动脉瘤未破裂、5例椎动脉颅内段梭形或夹层动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下隙出血),动脉瘤直径4～16mm,均接受Jostent覆膜支架治疗。结果共计植入9枚Jostent覆膜支架,均获技术成功,支架顺利到达病变部位且释放后动脉瘤颈即刻覆盖完全,动脉瘤不显影,载瘤动脉血流通畅,达到即刻影像学满意效果。随访9～24个月,5例患者(2例颈内动脉、3例椎动脉)脑血管造影检查颈内动脉支架段血流通畅、无狭窄(2例),椎动脉支架段血管呈无症状性闭塞(2例)或支架内轻度狭窄(1例),动脉瘤均未显影;其余4例未行脑血管造影患者门诊随访。9例患者手术后均恢复正常生活与工作,无一例死亡或永久性病残。结论覆膜支架治疗颈内动脉海绵窦段宽颈大动脉瘤、椎动脉颅内段梭形或夹层动脉瘤疗效较好,值得在有手术适应证的患者中推荐使用。     

Expression of a latent ophthalmic artery collateral circulation after extracranial–intracranial bypass

We present the case of an unexpected response by the cerebral vasculature to bypass surgery. A 66-year-old man sustained a subarachnoid haemorrhage and cerebral angiography showed a large fusiform anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm and an anomalous anterior circulation. The right A1 segment was hypoplastic and blood supply to the entire right A2 was from the left anterior circulation via the ACoA. The aneurysm was therefore not amenable to endovascular coiling or surgical clipping alone. An extracranial–intracranial bypass was performed to revascularize the territory of the right A2 independently of the ACoA to allow the latter vessel to be clipped. Although the bypass graft was patent on post-operative cerebral angiography, it was in fact only perfusing a limited, peripheral anterior cerebral artery territory. The bulk of the right anterior circulation was derived retrogradely by latent collaterals from the internal carotid and ophthalmic arteries via small dural vessels which were not apparent prior to surgery.     

覆膜支架血管内治疗颅内动脉瘤：附九例报告

目的探讨覆膜支架治疗颅内动脉瘤的适应证和临床疗效。方法经脑血管造影检查明确诊断的9例颅内动脉瘤患者（4例颈内动脉海绵窦段宽颈动脉瘤未破裂、5例椎动脉颅内段梭形或夹层动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下隙出血）,动脉瘤直径4～16mm,均接受Jostent覆膜支架治疗。结果共计植入9枚Jostent覆膜支架,均获技术成功,支架顺利到达病变部位且释放后动脉瘤颈即刻覆盖完全,动脉瘤不思影,载瘤动脉血流通畅,达到即刻影像学满意效果。随访9～24个月,5例患者（2例颈内动脉、3例椎动脉）脑血管造影检查颈内动脉支架段血流通畅、无狭窄（2例）,椎动脉支架段血管呈无症状性闭塞（2例）或支架内轻度狭窄（1例）,动脉瘤均未显影;其余4例未行脑血管造影患者门诊随访。9例患者手术后均恢复正常生活与工作,无一例死亡或永久性病残。结论覆膜支架治疗颈内动脉海绵窦段宽颈大动脉瘤、椎动脉颅内段梭形或夹层动脉瘤疗效较好,值得在有手术适应证韵患者中推荐使用。     

颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉分流术在颅内复杂动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨颞浅动脉（STA）-大脑中动脉（MCA）分流术在颅内复杂动脉瘤手术中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析开颅夹闭术治疗的2例颅内复杂动脉瘤的临床资料。夹闭动脉瘤前,先行STA-MCA分流术。结果 1例破裂动脉瘤,DSA显示右侧颈内动脉后交通段巨大动脉瘤（责任动脉瘤）+左侧颈内动脉后交通段镜像动脉瘤,伴双侧胚胎型大脑后动脉,先行STA-MCA分流术,再行动脉瘤孤立术。1例未破裂动脉瘤,DSA显示MCA分叉部大型动脉瘤位,MCA M2段下干粗大,上干纤细,上干起始部均成为瘤颈的一部分,先行STA-MCA分流术,再行动脉瘤夹闭术。2例术后均无明显神经功能障碍,CTA示动脉瘤不显影、吻合口通畅,CTP显示脑灌注良好;术后6个月,改良Rankin量表评分0分1例,1分1例。结论 STA-MCA分流术能够延长安全临时阻断的时间,在动脉瘤孤立和载瘤动脉闭塞后提供保护性血流,在理想情况下双支STA分流术还可以提供高流量血流,替代复杂的桡动脉或大隐静脉分流术,简化手术操作。这项技术有利于提高颅内复杂动脉瘤的治愈率,降低手术并发症的发生率。