硝酸甘油软膏治疗阳萎的临床观察

观察硝酸甘油软膏治疗３８例阳萎的临床疗效。其中３０例病人阴茎皮肤涂药后的发现阴茎长度平均增加１．６５ｃｍ，周径平均增加２．８１ｃｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１），有效率（勃起及部分勃起）达８０％。另外８例病人涂药前后作彩色多普勒超声检查，发现涂药后阴茎背动脉扩张３５．７２％，左、右海绵体动脉扩张５０％以上，并显著增加其血流速度和血流量。认为硝酸甘油软膏治疗阳萎、改善勃起功能效果确切，使用方便，无损伤性，副作用少     

彩色多普勒超声在诊断勃起功能障碍中的应用

用彩色多普勒超声血流显像配合阴茎海绵体内血管活性药物注射（ＩＣＩ）,观察３６例阴茎勃起功能障碍患者双侧阴茎海绵体动脉收缩期峰血流速度（ＰＳＶ）、舒张末期血流速度（ＥＤＶ）及阻力指数（ＲＩ）。结果表明：（１）１１例患者做ＩＣＩ前用彩色多普勒超声不能测出上述指标;（２）２５例在ＩＣＩ前测得ＰＳＶ、ＥＤＶ参数与３６例ＩＣＩ后ＰＳＶ、ＥＤＶ参数有显著性差异。本文并对多普勒超声在诊断血管性ＥＤ的价值及可能发生的误差进行讨论。     

彩色多普勒超声在血管性阴茎勃起功能障碍诊断中的应用

目的评估阴茎海绵体注射后彩色多普勒超声对男性血管性阴茎勃起功能障碍（ED）患者诊断作用。方法47例ED患者经阴茎海绵体注射PGE1 30μg诱导勃起后行彩色超声多普勒检查左、右海绵体动脉血流指标,包括收缩期最大流速（PSV）,动脉舒张末期血流速度（EDV）,阻力指数（RI）。结果非血管性ED组41例（87.2%）,其中左、右海绵体动脉PSV分别〉25 cm/s者33例,左右海绵体动脉PSV相加〉50 cm/s者8例。动脉性ED组2例（4.25%）,左右海绵体动脉PSV均〈25 cm/s,背深静脉未见血流。静脉性ED组4例（8.51%）。结论阴茎海绵体注射血管活性药物后多普勒彩色超声对男性血管性ED检查是一种微创而准确的方法。     

前列腺素E1乳膏对勃起功能障碍患者阴茎血流的影响

我院于2001年11月至2005年1月采用前列腺素E1（PGE1）乳膏经尿道内给药，使用彩色多普勒超声波显像仪观察了109例勃起功能障碍（ED）患者用药前后阴茎背动脉，左、右海绵体动脉峰值血流速度（PSV）和海绵体周径变化，报告如下。     

阴茎海绵体造影诊断静脉性阳萎

阴茎海绵体造影诊断静脉性阳萎安徽省蚌埠市第三人民医院放射科（蚌埠２３３０００）刘浩冀荣俊李尚前静脉性阳萎是指阴茎海绵体静脉异常回流而引起的勃起功能障碍，在血管性阳萎中占７２％［１］。笔者１９８８年８月～１９９２年６月行药物诱导阴茎海绵体造影２４例，...     

海绵体动脉的流速及血流容量梯度:双联及彩色多普勒超声研究

双联及彩色多普勒用于评价130名阳萎病人及8例正常对照者在阴茎海绵体脚部及阴茎冠近端1cm处测定海绵体动脉的直径、峰流速度及容量流率。正常对照者及非血管性阳萎病人在海绵体动脉树的     

彩色双功超声检查对阳萎的评估

作者应用彩色双功超声检查对海绵体内注射罂粟碱的反应进行估测,并同临床检查、选择性动脉造影和其它阴茎血流动力测定方法作了对照。研究对象为83例阳萎病人。采用电算机超声仪,成象频率为10MHz,脉冲多普勒为5MHZ,彩色多普勒选用能提供血管内血流速率实时空间显示的成像技术。罂粟碱试验时阴茎勃起分为四级,都由同一个医生进行评定。在弛缓状态测量出双侧海绵体动脉的直径和血流速率。然后用一胶带捆扎阴茎根部,将罂粟碱30mg注入两侧海绵体。2分钟后剪断胶     

630例阳萎的病因分析

目的探讨国人成年男性阳萎患者的病因。方法对６３０例阳萎病人进行了详细病史询问,进行夜间阴茎肿胀试验（ＮＰＴ）,阴茎／肱动脉血压指数测定（ＰＢＩ）,性激素测定,彩色多普勒检查及球海绵体肌反射潜伏时间测定等,进行综合分析。结果心理性阳萎者５０２例（７９７％）,器质性阳萎者１２８例（２０３％）。器质性阳萎中,以血管性最多见,占７１９％（９２／１２８）,其中动脉性８０例,静脉性１２例。另有内分泌异常引起者２０例,神经性６例,药源性５例,单纯老年性血睾酮低下引起者５例。结论国人心理性原因引起的阳萎多见,器质性阳萎发生率虽低,但绝对数字大,亦应引起重视。     

罂粟碱阴茎海绵体注射治疗神经性阳萎（附32例报告）

罂粟碱阴茎海绵体注射治疗神经性阳萎（附３２例报告）郭丰富，金光庭，顾润国，宋伟，张淑建关键词罂粟碱；阴茎海绵体；阳萎阴茎勃起是受中枢和周围神经调控的，故神经系统疾患会影响阴茎勃起功能。罂粟碱是一种平滑肌松弛剂，直接注射到阴茎海绵体内可扩张血管，增加动...     

前列腺素E1乳膏对89例ED患者阴茎血流变化的观察

阴茎勃起功能障碍(简称ED)的病因非常复杂,其基本病机是由于阴茎海绵体平滑肌不能松弛,不足以使阴茎海绵窦血流增加,致海绵窦间隙增大而阴茎疲软,不能胀大。我院于2001年11月至2003年2月采用前列腺素E1乳膏经尿道内用药法,使用美国彩色多普勒超声显像仪观察了89例ED患者用药前后阴茎背动脉,左右海绵体动脉收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)和海绵体周径变化。现报告如下。     

Does the type of the Peyronie's curvature effect penile vascular parameters in normopotent men?

The aim of this study is to assess whether the type of penile curvature in normopotent men with Peyronie's disease affects the penile vascular doppler ultrasound parameters. Fifty-three normopotent patients within the stabilization phase of Peyronie's disease were evaluated retrospectively by means of color doppler ultrasonography. Bilateral cavernosal artery diameters before and after intracavernous papaverine injections, peak systolic and end diastolic velocities and the amount of leakage in the deep dorsal penile vein were compared in dorsal and ventral curvature groups of Peyronie's disease. 61% of the patients in dorsal and 59% in ventral Peyronie's curvature group have normal ultrasonographic penile vascular system. 35% and 3.3% in dorsal curvature group and 36.4% and 4.5% in ventral curvature group have venoocclusive dysfunction and mixed vascular pathologies, respectively, having no statistical correlation between them (p > 0.05). No arterial pathology was observed in any group. There was no correlation between the type of Peyronie's curvature and the penile doppler ultrasonographic findings in normopotent patients.     

Comparison of penile duplex ultrasonography with nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring for the evaluation of erectile impotence

A total of 50 patients with erectile dysfunction underwent comprehensive evaluation, including vascular evaluation with penile duplex ultrasonography and papaverine injection, as well as nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring. The latter was performed in a sleep laboratory setting in all patients. The results of penile duplex ultrasonography with papaverine injection were classified as 18 patients with normal vascular findings, 22 with arterial insufficiency, 3 with the pelvic steal syndrome and 7 with isolated venous leakage. Of the patients 15 had normal ultrasonographic and nocturnal penile tumescence findings, 29 had abnormal ultrasonographic vascular and nocturnal penile tumescence findings, 3 had abnormal ultrasonographic vascular findings and normal nocturnal penile tumescence (including 1 with the pelvic steal syndrome as evidenced by penile brachial index) and 3 had normal ultrasonographic vascular findings and abnormal nocturnal penile tumescence (including 2 with neurogenic erectile dysfunction). Penile duplex ultrasonography with papaverine injection appears to be a useful objective method to evaluate vasculogenic impotence and to correlate favorably with nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring. It also may have a higher yield than nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring in patients with the pelvic steal syndrome. While nocturnal penile tumescence is impaired in patients with neurogenic impotence, penile duplex ultrasonography with papaverine injection reveals, as expected, normal findings in patients with neurogenic impotence and normal vascular systems.     

Evaluation of vasculogenic erectile impotence using penile duplex ultrasonography

A total of 140 patients underwent penile vascular evaluation with intracavernous papaverine injection combined with duplex ultrasonography. Of these patients 8 were potent men who were evaluated for reasons other than erectile failure. These potent men were used as controls to obtain normal values. The remaining 132 patients had erectile impotence of various etiologies. Real-time imaging with high resolution, high frequency probes allowed for visualization of the cavernous arteries along the entire length in addition to accurate measurement of the diameter. Simultaneous selectively focused Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure the blood velocity and other vascular parameters in the cavernous and dorsal arteries. Comparison of measurements before and after papaverine injection allowed for objective interpretation of the injection results. The results were analyzed and compared to other data available on the same patients, such as history and physical examination, nocturnal penile tumescence, penile blood pressures, selective arteriography and dynamic cavernosography. In addition to the 8 potent men, there were 35 patients (27% of the impotent patients) whose vascular findings were normal. A total of 78 patients (59% of the impotent patients) had arterial insufficiency; a subgroup of 13 patients had the pelvic arterial steal syndrome. Dynamic cavernosography confirmed venous leak in all 19 patients (14% of the impotent patients) whose penile duplex ultrasonography suggested the possibility of a venous leak. Ten patients (7%) had prolonged erection after papaverine injection and they were managed without consequences. One patient had a small hematoma that resolved uneventfully. Penile duplex ultrasonography was a helpful and objective method to evaluate vasculogenic impotence.     

Is sildenafil failure in men after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) due to arterial disease? Penile duplex Doppler findings in 174 men after RRP

Sildenafil is frequently the first-line treatment for post-radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) erectile dysfunction (ED) with maximum treatment satisfaction rates of 43%-80%. The etiology of erectile dysfunction after RRP has been attributed to psychogenic, vascular, veno- occlusive or nerve injury causes. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the penile duplex Doppler arterial parameters in men with ED after RRP who failed sildenafil. The purpose was to assess whether sildenafil failure after RRP is associated with underlying corporal arterial disease. A total of 174 consecutive men presenting with sildenafil refractory ED after nerve-sparing RRP underwent color duplex penile Doppler evaluation with vasoactive injection. Mean age was 59.6 y and mean time from surgery was 11.6 months. Some 81% (141/174) of the men had no pre-operative ED (PED). Significant differences in penile duplex Doppler parameters for arterial disease were seen between men with and without PED. In men without PED, 19% (27/141) manifested arterial insufficiency. However, in men with PED, 50% (16/33) demonstrated arterial disease. Nerve sparing status did not affect the presence of arterial disease. Sildenafil refractory erectile dysfunction after RRP in men without PED is not predominantly associated with penile Doppler parameters consistent with arterial insufficiency.     

血管性勃起功能障碍病人阴茎血流动力学的变化

目的分析血管性勃起功能障碍(ED)病人阴茎血流动力学的变化,提高对该病的诊断和治疗水平.方法对52例血管性ED病人分别采取海绵体内注射试验和阴茎彩色双功能超声等检查,分析其血流动力学变化.结果52例血管性ED(动脉性ED 14例,静脉性ED 26例,混合血管性ED 12例)病人在阴茎勃起的充盈、勃起、充分勃起和强直勃起期均有明显不同的血流动力学变化,表现为充盈、勃起期延长,充分勃起和强直勃起减少等.结论血管性ED会发生明显的阴茎血流动力学变化,了解该变化有助于其正确诊断和采取适当的治疗方法.     

Bulbocavernosus-reflex latencies and pudendal nerve SSEP compared to penile vascular testing in 669 patients with erectile failure and other sexual dysfunction.

The purpose of this current study was to find out the coincidence of pathological penile vascular supply with pathological data in Bulbocavernosusreflex latency (BCR-L) measurements and Pudendal Nerve SSEP (PudSSEP) recordings. Six hundred and sixty-nine males (642 with erectile dysfunction, 27 with different sexual disturbances) (mean age 49.3 y, range 17-76 y) underwent consecutively a battery of neurophysiological investigations together with pharmacotesting of cavernous bodies combined with duplex sonography of penile arteries. Pathological vascular findings were indicated in 286 men (43%), pathological neurophysiological findings in 264 men (39%). Normal findings in both investigations (vascular and neurophysiological) were encountered in 252 men (38%); 131 men (19%) revealed pathological data exclusively in the neurophysiological parameters, 153 (23%) exclusively in the vascular parameters and 133 (20%) in both. The highest percentages of pathological findings were observed in patients with diabetes mellitus (110 out of 131, 88%) and patients who had sustained pelvic trauma or surgery (36 out of 44, 82%), in contrast to the lowest percentage in patients with a proven psychogenic etiology (10 out of 38, 26%). Somewhat surprising was the rather high proportion of vascular impairment in patients with defined neurological diseases such as alcohol abuse (20 out of 51, 43%), polyneuropathy (PNP) of various etiology (9 out of 19, 47%), lumbosacral radiculopathies (26 out of 65, 40%), and CNS diseases (24 out of 52, 46%), about half of them coinciding with pathological neurophysiological findings. Even if the validity of BCR-L measurement and PudSSEP recordings in the assessment of neurogenic impotence was controversely discussed, we conclude that in a large number of impotent males both neurogenic and vascular factors are responsible for the onset of erectile dysfunction.     

Penile Vascular Assessment Using Color Duplex Sonography in Men with Peyronie's Disease

Purpose

We assessed penile vasculature in men with Peyronie's disease using color duplex ultrasound.

Materials and Methods

A total of 99 consecutive men with Peyronie's disease underwent duplex ultrasound with 60 mg. intracavernous papaverine to gain an understanding of penile vasculature and its correlation to erectile rigidity. Patients were stratified into groups according to duplex ultrasound vascular parameters and the presence or absence of impotence (that is rigidity adequate for intromission).

Results

Of 97 men 31 (32 percent) complained of impotence, 8 of 99 (8 percent) had evidence of corporeal veno-occlusive dysfunction on duplex ultrasound (defined as end diastolic flow velocity greater than 4.5 cm. per second) and 43 percent had a history of vascular risk factors that may have contributed to erectile insufficiency. Impotent patients had decreased peak systolic flow velocity, increased end diastolic flow velocity and a higher percent of vascular risk factors (p = 0.0006, 0.027 and 0.0004, respectively) compared to potent patients.

Conclusions

Duplex ultrasound provides a dynamic noninvasive functional assessment of penile vasculature in Peyronie's disease. Although corporeal veno-occlusive dysfunction has been considered the primary vascular etiology of erectile dysfunction associated with Peyronie's disease, arterial insufficiency is a major contributor, which is best detected before definitive therapy.     

勃起功能障碍诊断方法探讨

目的:探讨ED的诊断方法。方法:对365例11个民族拟诊为血管性ED的患者分别采用阴茎海绵体注射试验、阴茎-肱动脉血压指数测定、阴茎彩色双功能超声、阴茎海绵体造影、阴茎数字减影血管造影及阴茎动、静脉血池显像等检查。结果:有365、204、168、228、142、136例患者分别接受了上述6种检查。诊断动脉性ED82例,静脉性ED132例,混合性ED57例,原因不明ED94例。不同民族间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:ED是高度个性化疾病,针对ED患者不同情况采取相应的诊断方法有利于选择高效、经济、安全的治疗方法。     

The relationship between the type of penile abnormality and penile vascular status in patients with peyronie's disease

PURPOSE: We evaluated penile vascular status using penile duplex Doppler ultrasound (PDDU) according to the type of abnormality in men with Peyronie's disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 523 patients with PD were evaluated retrospectively. Each patient underwent PDDU following injections of 10 to 15 mug prostaglandin E1 intracavernously with accompanying visual sexual stimulation to evaluate penile blood flow. Abnormalities were divided into 7 groups. Objective evaluation of penile curvature was done with a protractor during maximum erection. Specific criteria were used to categorize patients into varying definitions of vascular status. The results were compared statistically among groups. RESULTS: Mean patient age +/- SEM was 54.2 +/- 1.5 years. The most frequently noted type of curvature was dorsal (43.5% of cases), followed by lateral (24.8%). Mean peak systolic velocity in the ventrolateral group was the highest, while the lowest peak systolic velocity was noted in the hourglass abnormality group. The hourglass group had the highest rate of pure arterial insufficiency, while veno-occlusive dysfunction was seen most commonly in the ventral curvature group. The ventrolateral group showed the most normal vascular status parameters. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates there is a relationship between the type of curvature and penile hemodynamics. Although patients with PD in the hourglass abnormality group were the youngest, this abnormality was associated with the poorest penile vascular status. Patients with ventrolateral curvature had the best penile hemodynamics in our series. PDDU findings may direct the treating physician to different treatment options.     

Comparison of the effects of papaverine versus prostaglandin E1 on penile blood flow by color duplex sonography

To compare the effects of papaverine (60 mg) and prostaglandin E1 (20 microgram: PGE1) on penile blood flow, the vascular response detected with color duplex ultrasound scanning and the clinical response in 34 impotent men were observed and recorded after they had received an intracorporeal injection of the respective drugs on separate days. The results demonstrate that PGE1 has the advantage of a slower onset, longer maintenance, less chance of priapism and is at least as effective as papaverine in inducing an increment of penile blood flow. In conclusion, PGE1 may be a better alternative to papaverine in the diagnosis and treatment of impotence.