别嘌呤醇对体外循环期间氧自由基及内毒素的影响

选取瓣膜置换术患者２２例分为两组；Ａ组（ｎ＝１０）术前３天口服ＡＬＬＯ每天１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ／；Ｂ组（ｎ＝１２）为对照组。结果表明 Ｂ组血 ＬＰＯ和 ＵＡ在 ＣＰＢ期间均明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）和（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ａ组血ＬＰＯ和ＵＡ也升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），但却显著低于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；同时Ｂ组血ＬＰＳ含量在开放主动脉及其后１０’明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．００１），而Ａ组血ＬＰＳ含量在ＣＰＢ期间无明显升高。提示ＣＰＢ期间ＯＦＲ及ＬＰＳ含量均升高，ＡＬＬＯ可抑制二者的上升。     

低蛋白饮食合并必需氨基酸及a酮酸治疗慢性肾衰的疗效评价

６例慢性肾功能衰竭患者均采用治疗前低蛋白饮食（ＬＰＤ）后及低蛋白饮食合并必需氨基酸及ａ－酮酸（ＬＰＤ－ＥＡＡ－ＫＡ）后自身对照的研究。结果显示：ＬＰＤ－ＥＡＡ－ＫＡ治疗后，ＳＣｒ明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＣＣｒ明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＢＵＮ未有变化，血浆总必需氨基酸与总非必需氨基酸比率、支链氨基酸浓度均升高，且机体由负氮转为正氮平衡（Ｐ＜０．００５），蛋白质合成与分解率明显提高（均Ｐ＜０．００１     

肾移植患者血浆一氧化氮浓度的观察

采用微盘比色法，通过对一氧化氮代谢产物亚硝酸盐的测定，对３２例尸体肾移植患者术前及术后３个月的血浆一氧化氮（ＮＯ）水平的变化进行了动态观察；同时，对血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）、环孢素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）、肌酐（Ｃｒ）、尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）及血压亦做了监测。结果：肾移植前血浆ＮＯ浓度为２４．０１±１．１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，显著高于术后３个月内各阶段（Ｐ＜０．０１），血浆ＥＴ、ＢＵＮ和血压亦呈相似的变化趋势，并与ＮＯ呈显著相关。作者认为肾移植后ＮＯ浓度测定不仅有助于了解肾移植后肾损伤的机理，亦可作为一项肾功能监测的参考指标。     

辽宁绝经妇女骨密度与绝经年限、体重关系研究

目的　研究绝经年限、体重对辽宁地区绝经后女性不同部位骨密度的影响。方法　测定共９６ 例绝经后妇女腰椎（Ｌ２～４）、股骨颈（Ｎｅｃｋ）、大转子（Ｔｒｏｃｈ）、Ｗａｒｄ＇ｓ 区的ＢＭＤ,同时测定了血ＡＬＰ、血尿钙、肌肝（Ｃｒ）等指标,分析其相互关系。结果　１． 绝经后妇女各部位的ＢＭＤ 不同。２．Ｌ２～４的ＢＭＤ与体重（Ｗ ）、血小板、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５、Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。与绝经年限的自然对数（ＰＦＮＬ）、ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。３．Ｎｅｃｋ 区ＢＭＤ 与体重、血小板呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＰＦＮＬ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。４．Ｗａｒｄ＇ｓ 区ＢＭＤ 与体重、血小板、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ 呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＰＦＮＬ及ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。５． 大转子区骨密度与体重、血小板、转氨酶呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论　体重、绝经年限、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ、血小板及血ＡＬＰ能影响骨密度。     

肾移植患者骨矿含量的测定及临床意义

测量了６４例肾移植患者移植前后的骨矿含量及骨钙素（ＢＧＰ）、甲状旁腺激素（ＰＴＨ）、血液生化的变化，以探讨它们的相互关系及临床意义。结果术前血肌酐（ＳＣｒ）、尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、磷（Ｐ）、ＰＴＨ、ＢＧＰ为高水平，血钙（Ｃａ）低，骨矿含量（０．７７７±０．０１５ｇ／ｃｍ２）明显低于对照组（０．８１１±０．０３５ｇ／ｃｍ２）。术后肾功能正常者，ＳＣｒ、ＢＵＮ、Ｃａ、Ｐ及ＰＴＨ、ＢＧＰ均恢复正常，骨矿含量半年后恢复至对照组水平。提示慢性肾功能衰竭及血液透析期间存在明显钙磷代谢异常，严重骨营养不良；肾移植成功后骨矿含量恢复，纠正了肾性骨病；肾移植后骨矿含量低者，往往提示预后不良。     

胫骨定量超声测量及临床应用探讨

用ＳｏｕｎｄＳｃａｎ２０００骨定量超声（ＱＵＳ）仪测量胫骨超声速度（ＳＯＳ），同时与单光子吸收法（ＳＰＡ）测量前臂１／３处骨矿密度（ＢＭＤ）比较。两方法测得２０８例患者和健康志愿者结果相关（ｒ＝０．６７８，Ｐ＜０．００１）。４２例健康绝经妇女ＳＯＳ和ＢＭＤ与绝经时间呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．４１７和－０．４７９，Ｐ＜０．０１），７３例＞４０岁的健康志愿者ＳＯＳ和ＢＭＤ与年龄呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．２９３和－０．３７３，Ｐ＜０．０５）。与性别和年龄相匹配的正常参考值比较，结果＜ｘ－２ｓ者ＱＵＳ检出３４例，占１６．３％；ＳＰＡ２３例，占１１．０％，ＱＵＳ的诊断敏感度约是ＳＰＡ的１．５倍。     

肾功能和原发性高血压与骨质疏松的关系

对１４８例原发性高血压（ＥＨ）病人进行了肾功能、骨矿物测量及血Ｃａ、Ｐ、ＡＬＰ、Ｓｃｒ、及尿Ｃｃｒ、Ｃａ、Ｐ的检测，同时与正常人进行对照研究。结果：ＥＨ组尿Ｃａ排泄量、血ＰＴＨ高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＥＨ组血Ｃａ、Ｐ、ＡＬＰ、Ｓｃｒ、尿Ｃｃｒ、Ｐ排泄量与对照组比较无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＥＨ组ＢＭＣ、ＢＭＣ／ＢＷ值低于正常对照组，并且ＢＭＣ、ＢＭＣ／ＢＷ值与尿Ｃａ排泄量、血ＰＴＨ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．２１３，Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＥＨ组ＯＰ的发生率为２０．９％，其中男性２０．６％，女性为２１．３％，男、女之间无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）     

胆道梗阻后肝细胞线粒体钙含量变化和肝脂质过氧化损害的实验研究

为了解胆道梗阻对肝脏的损害机理,在复制大鼠胆道梗阻模型基础上,分离肝细胞线粒体,动态检测肝细胞线粒体钙含量,肝组织ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ含量,血清ＴＢｉｌ、ＡＬＴ、ＡＬＰ及ＧＧＴ含量。结果：肝细胞线粒体钙含量、肝组织ＭＤＡ含量和血清ＴＢｉｌ、ＡＬＴ、ＡＬＰ及ＧＧＴ水平均随梗阻时间延长而逐渐升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,肝组织ＳＯＤ含量则逐渐减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）;肝细胞线粒体钙含量与肝组织ＭＤＡ含量、血清ＡＬＴ及ＡＬＰ含量变化呈明显正相关,ｒ分别为０．９６７、０．９２４和０．９１９（Ｐ＜０．０１）;肝组织ＭＤＡ含量与血清ＡＬＴ和ＡＬＰ含量变化呈明显正相关,ｒ分别为０．９４９和０．８４３（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：肝细胞线粒体钙超载和脂质过氧化损伤密切相关,在胆道梗阻所致肝损害过程中起重要作用。     

乳癌根治术皮瓣存活与红细胞SOD及血浆LPO水平的关系

对３０例乳癌根治术患者术前、术毕及术后６、１２、２４、４８、７２小时各时相红细胞中的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）及血浆过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）的水平进行了测定。结果显示：乳癌患者红细胞ＳＯＤ含量与血浆ＬＰＯ水平呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．９０６４，ｔ检验Ｐ＜０．０１），术后血浆ＬＰＯ波动幅度及持续时间均大于红细胞ＳＯＤ；术毕皮瓣组织的ＳＯＤ下降，而ＬＰＯ上升，其差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。推测其动态变化与血液中的变化相一致。此外，光镜见皮肤组织有嗜中性白细胞浸润，电镜观察显示皮肤微血管内皮损伤。作者认为，乳癌根治术后自由基产生增多导致微血管内膜损害是皮瓣坏死的重要原因。     

电子顺磁共振技术检测烧伤大鼠早期血浆NO变化的研究

为探讨烧伤早期（７２小时内）血浆ＮＯ含量变化，采用雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠ＴＢＳＡ３５％烫伤模型，分为正常组（Ａ组）、ＬＰＳ组（脂多糖注射组，Ｌ组）、单纯烧伤组（Ｂ组）、脂多糖＋烧伤组（ＬＢ组）。分别于伤后１，３，８，１２，２４，４８，７２小时应用Ｈｂ－ＮＯ自旋捕集技术，在７７Ｋ低温测试了血浆ＮＯ浓度的变化规律，及其所产生的ＮＯ量与波谱三重峰信号强度的关系。结果表明：①Ｂ组大鼠伤后不同的时间内血浆ＮＯ与伤前值比较有降低趋势，但除伤后１２小时组与伤前比较有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）外，其它各组均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。②ＬＰＳ组血浆ＮＯ的产生，与Ａ组比较有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＬＢ组与伤后同时间Ｂ组比较有显著或非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１）。提示大鼠早期烧伤后经ＬＰＳ攻击后可产生过量的ＮＯ，这对于研究烧伤感染、内毒素血症有着重要的现实意义。     

Evaluation of superoxide dismutase activity in dialyzed patients by electron spin resonance spectroscopy

BACKGROUND: The relationship between plasma SOD activity and remaining renal function in patients with renal insufficiency has been not elucidated. We attempted to investigate the degree of serum SOD activity among patients with various renal conditions. METHODS: Using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, plasma SOD activities were evaluated in 28 patients who underwent HD before and after procedure and in 15 controls. The patients were classified according to the condition of renal function; group A (n = 15) included patients whose plasma creatinine clearance levels were less than 10 ml/min, and group B (n = 13) included those whose plasma creatinine clearance levels were 10 ml/min or more but less than 20 ml/min. RESULTS: The plasma SOD activities of group A were significantly higher than those of group B (p < 0.005) and controls (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that in group A, the SOD activities in plasma before HD were significantly higher than those after HD (p < 0.001). However, in group B, there were no significant differences in the level of plasma SOD activities before and after HD. CONCLUSION: Production of superoxide anion is considered almost the similar in both groups, which suggests the SOD activity would depend on the degree of the remaining renal function of each patient.     

丹参对高能冲击波致肾损伤保护的实验研究

目的 :探讨丹参对高能冲击波致肾损伤的保护作用。方法 :将 30只家兔随机分为丹参组和生理盐水对照组 ,体外冲击波碎石 (ESWL)前 3d分别静脉注射丹参和生理盐水 ,测定ESWL前后不同时间血浆中内皮素 (ET 1)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、丙二醛 (MDA)水平 ,并观察肾组织病理变化。结果 :对照组ESWL在血浆中ET 1、MDA值较冲击前显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,SOD显著性降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;丹参组ESWL后血浆中ET 1、MDA显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,SOD值则显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且病理检查较对照组损伤轻。结论 :丹参对高能冲击波致肾损伤具有保护作用。     

Protective effects of ligustrazine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidneys

To investigate the protective effects of ligustrazine on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, the influence of ligustrazine injection on plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and endothelin-1 (ET-1), as well as changes of morphology of renal tubules, were studied in rat kidney models with ischemia-reperfusion injury. The results showed that in the group treated with ligustrazine, the plasma SOD level was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), but levels of plasma MDA and ET-1 and the pathological grading of injured renal tubules were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that ligustrazine has protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidneys.     

丹皮酚磺酸钠在动物肾缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的：了解丹皮酚磺的钠对肾缺血再灌注损伤模型肾组织病理改变及血浆丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响。方法：将雄性新西兰大白兔右肾切除,阻断左肾动脉,制成肾缺血再灌注模型。按100mg/kg在不同时间应用丹皮酚磺酸钠进行干预治疗,比较不同时间血浆MDA含量和SOD活性变化以及术后48h肾组织病理变化。结果：应用丹皮酚磺酸钠治疗的大白兔。缺血再灌注60min时血浆MDA含量低于对照组,SOD活性高于对照组,肾脏病理改变减轻。结论：丹皮酚磺酸钠可以降低血浆MDA含量,增加SOD活性,对肾缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用。     

氧自由基、炎症因子在结石患者肾小管损伤中的作用

目的探讨氧自由基和炎症因子共同作用促进肾结石形成。方珐选择40例肾结石患者（志愿者）和健康无结石志愿者30例，分别留尿生化分光光度法测NAG、7-GT、Cr、SOD、MDA和NO，放免法测Bz—MG和TNFa。结果结石组尿中反映肾脏损伤的特异性指标NAG、rGT和Bz—MG显著升高，两组之间存在统计学差异（P〈O．05）。结石组血中损伤相关因子TNF—a和MDA值高于健康对照组，两组之间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；血中保护相关因子SOD值显著低于健康对照组（P〈0．05）。培论尿路结石患者尿中Bz—MG、7-GT和NAG水平显著升高，表明尿路结石形成过程中的确导致肾小管功能损伤，而且其升高可能与氧化损伤和局部炎症反应有关。     

Oxidative-antioxidative system in peripartum acute renal failure and preeclampsia-eclampsia

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia-eclampsia and acute renal failure in peripartum women can be the cause of mortality and morbidity. There are many different reports about oxidative-antioxidative systems in preeclampsia-eclampsia. Until now, products of activated oxidative-antioxidative systems were not evaluated in peripartum women with acute renal failure. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the oxidative-antioxidative systems in peripartum women with acute renal failure and/or preeclampsia-eclampsia. METHODS: The study groups consisted of 17 peripartum women (first week of delivery) with acute renal failure (G I), 11 preeclamptic (G II), 11 healthy pregnancy (> or = 30 weeks of pregnancy) (G III), and 11 healthy women (G IV) aged between 18-38 years. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in erythrocytes, and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in all groups. SOD, GSHPx, and MDA levels were also measured at the onset of acute renal failure (G IA), regression of renal dysfunction (G IB) and recovery of renal functions (G IC). RESULTS: MDA levels were 11.95+/-4.25, 9.22+/-3.62, 5.10+/-3.65, 3.40+/-1.27, 4.91+/-2.06, 4.24+/-1.67 mmol/mL in G IA, G IB, G IC, G II, G III, and G IV, respectively. SOD activity in erythrocyte were 3269.23+/-1437.83, 2641.35+/-1411.13, 2056.35+/-1143.11, 924+/-160.04, 1057.91+/-257.03, 861.63+/-243.28 Ug/Hb in G IA, G IB, G IC, G II, G III, and G IV, respectively. GSHPx activity in erythrocyte was 70.17+/-23.52, 58.27+/-23.75, 45.44+/-17.60, 24.48+/-6.77, 26.28+/-7.27, 32.95+/-8.24 Ug/Hb in G IA, G IB, G IC, G II, G III, and G IV, respectively. MDA levels and activities of SOD, GSHPx in erythrocytes were highest in GIA The values of MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px in G IA, G IB, and G IC were significantly different from each other and decreased while regaining of renal functions. Preeclampsia-eclampsia or normal pregnancy did not cause elevation of plasma MDA levels and GSHPx, SOD in erythrocyte. CONCLUSION: Although SOD and GSHPx in erythrocytes and plasma MDA level were found to be similar in healthy women, pregnant women, and preeclamptic women; SOD, GSHPx, and MDA increased at the beginning and decreased during recovery of renal functions in peripartum women with acute renal failure.     

肾移植中丙二醛及超氧化物歧化酶的监测及临床意义

连续动态监测４５例肾移植患者手术前后血浆丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）及超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）水平变化，发现急性肾小管坏死（ＡＴＮ）组患者术后第１天血浆ＭＤＡ及ＳＯＤ水平较术前明显升高，分别在术后１０天及７天内维持较高水平；急性排斥（ＡＲ）及急性感染（ＡＩ）发生时，ＭＤＡ及ＳＯＤ水平亦升高，但不如ＡＴＮ组显著；术前ＭＤＡ及ＳＯＤ水平明显高于正常对照组；正常恢复组术后ＭＤＡ及ＳＯＤ水平则逐步下降，结果反映了ＡＴ     

Alteration in plasma antioxidant capacity in various degrees of chronic renal failure

AIM, PATIENTS AND METHODS: To obtain a more comprehensive profile of extracellular antioxidant capacity in chronic renal failure (CRF), markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, MDA and hydrogen peroxide), protein SH groups (as an important chain-breaking antioxidant) and activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, [GPX], catalase and superoxide dismutase, [SOD]) were studied in plasma of 36 non-dialyzed patients with various degrees of CRF and 10 hemodialyzed (HD) patients. RESULTS: The results show that plasma MDA concentrations significantly increase with the severity of kidney dysfunction (r = -0.543, p < 0.01). A marked and profound fall in plasma thiol group levels was observed in all groups tested, independent of the degree of renal failure (r = 0.082, p > 0.05). Plasma SOD activity increased in CRF patients with the progression of renal insufficiency (r = -0.370, p < 0.05). On the other hand, plasma GPX activity decreased progressively in strong correlation with endogenous CCr (r = 0.712, p < 0.001). However, despite this imbalance between extracellular SOD and GPX activities, plasma concentration of hydrogen peroxide remained unchanged in non-dialyzed CRF patients. Catalase activity in non-dialyzed CRF patients was increased, suggesting the significant involvement of catalase in the regulation of plasma hydrogen peroxide level. CONCLUSION: In hemodialyzed patients significantly lower plasma catalase activity, associated with higher hydrogen peroxide levels, was found. It seems reasonable to assume that the imbalance in the activity of extracellular antioxidant enzymes in chronic renal failure may result in accumulation of free radical species, and in unscheduled oxidation of susceptible molecules.     

IgA肾病患者血浆褪黑素水平与氧化应激的关系

目的：探讨 IgA 肾病肾功能正常患者血浆褪黑素水平与氧化应激的关系,为褪黑素用于治疗 IgA 肾病提供科学依据。方法：分为健康对照组（n =22）及 IgA 肾病肾功能正常组（n =48）。采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定各组血浆褪黑素水平及分光光度法测定各组血浆丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平。结果：与正常对照组相比,IgA 肾病肾功能正常组患者血浆褪黑素降低[（64．05±29．23）ng/ L vs．（80．54±35．12）ng/ L,P 〈0．05],而血浆 MDA 水平升高[（45．17±26．47）U/ ml vs．（31．14±26．00）U/ ml,P 〈0．05],血浆 SOD 水平下降[（76．25±19．34）U/ ml vs．（86．71±18．55）U/ ml,P 〈0．05）。进一步分析结果显示,IgA 肾病患者血浆褪黑素水平与 MDA 水平呈负相关（r =-0．308,P 〈0．05）,与 SOD 水平呈正相关（r =0．321,P 〈0．05）。结论：IgA 肾病肾功能正常患者血浆褪黑素水平较健康人降低,血浆 MDA 水平随血浆褪黑素水平降低而升高,血浆 SOD 水平随血浆褪黑素水平降低而降低。提示血浆褪黑素水平的降低引起机体抗氧化能力的下降,进而参与了 IgA 肾病的进展。补充外源性褪黑素可能为治疗 IgA 肾病具有潜力的方法。     

川芎嗪在大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的：探讨川芎嗪对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法：观察川芎嗪注射液对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤后血浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脂质过氧化物丙二醇（MDA）、内皮素－1（ET－1）的作用及肾小管损伤形态学的影响。结果：川芎嗪治疗组大鼠血浆SOD水平较缺血再灌注组显著升高（P＜0.05)，MDA和ET－1水平显著性下降（P＜0.05)，肾小管损伤的病理分级显著减轻（P＜0.05)。结论：川芎嗪对肾脏缺血再灌注性损伤具有保护作用。