重症手足口病患儿脑脊液改变与临床分析

目的 探讨重症手足口病患儿脑脊液变化及临床特点.方法 回顾性分析165例重症手足口病患儿脑脊液检查结果.结果 脑脊液压力正常者96例,脑脊液压力大于1.96 kPa 69例,占41.82％ (69/165).脑脊液细胞数升高者74例,占44.85％ (74/165).脑脊液蛋白增高者52例,占31.52％ (52/165).脑脊液糖升高者45例,占27.27％ (45/165).脑脊液氯下降者54例,占32.73％(54/165).结论 重症手足口病患儿脑脊液异常阳性率高,对有神经系统症状及体征患儿行脑脊液检查,有助于重症手足口病患儿早期诊断及指导临床用药.     

重症手足口病合并神经系统并发症七例临床分析

目的 探讨儿童重症手足口病合并神经系统并发症的临床特点.方法 对2008年4至11月辽西地区发生的7例重症手足口病合并神经系统并发症患儿的临床表现、治疗及转归资料进行回顾性分析.结果 重症手足口病合并神经系统并发症临床特点为发热、精神差、进食差及呕吐,可伴有抽搐或意识障碍,或并发肺水肿.结论 重症手足口病合并神经系统并发症起病急,病情进展迅速,部分病例可死亡,存活者多有神经系统后遗症.     

累及神经系统手足口病患儿临床特征及危重症危险因素分析

目的 探讨重症和危重症手足口病患儿典型的临床体征和辅助检查指标,丰富卫生部《手足口病诊疗指南》（2008年版）的内容。方法 以2008年5～12月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心儿童医院住院治疗的累及神经系统手足口病重症和危重症患儿为研究对象。对临床特征和辅助检查结果进行汇总分析,比较重症组和危重症组神经、呼吸和循环系统表现,以及辅助检查结果的差异,Logistic回归分析重症进展为危重症的危险因素。结果 142例患儿进入分析,其中男88例,女54例;<3岁110例（77.5％）。重症组75例,危重症组67例。①高热82例(57.7％),热程(5.68±3.19) d;典型皮疹88例（62.0％）;②神经系统主要表现：肢体震颤107例(75.4%)、精神差93例(65.5%)、烦躁86例(60.6%)、双膝反射活跃或亢进79例(55.6%)、惊跳78例(54.9%)、呕吐73例(51.4%);③循环和呼吸系统主要表现：心率增快35例(24.6%)、CRT 3~5 s 34例(23.9%)、呼吸浅快31例(21.8%)、呼吸节律不规则29例(20.4%)、血压升高21例(14.8%)、CRT>5 s 19例(13.4%)、肺出血9例(6.3%);④辅助检查：WBC>12×109·L-1 55例(38.7%)、血糖升高90例(63.4%)、胸部X线片提示肺部渗出性病变36例(25.4%);⑤危重症组颈抵抗、肌张力增高或减低、抽搐、肢体无力、眼球运动异常、心率增快、血压升高、CRT 3~5 s或>5 s、呼吸浅快、呼吸节律不规则和肺部渗出性病变发生率均显著高于重症组;⑥多因素Logistic回归分析显示,心率增快（OR=17.918,95%CI:4.634~69.284）、CRT>5 s(OR=8.985, 95%CI: 1.568~51.488)、颈抵抗(OR=8.467,95%CI: 1.964~36.513)和肺部渗出性病变(OR=7.692, 95%CI:2.345~25.235)是重症患儿进展为危重症的危险因素;⑦治疗和预后：6例死亡,136例治愈或好转出院,随访6～12个月,未发现明显的智力落后、继发性癫及肢体瘫痪。结论 肢体震颤、精神差、烦躁、惊跳、呕吐及膝反射活跃或亢进是神经系统病变的早期症状和体征;心率增快、CRT>5 s、颈抵抗及肺部渗出性病变是手足口病重症患儿进展为危重症的高危因素。     

神经系统疾病时脑脊液与血液电解质变化

电解质是生物电的物质基础,与神经系统功能状态有密切关系。因此,我院ICU于1988年9月至1991年6月对28例住院神经系统疾病患儿同步测定了血和脑脊液(CSF)钾、钠、氯、钙及镁,观察其与抽搐的关系,现将结果报告如下。     

合并神经系统症状的手足口病患儿133例临床分析

目的 探讨合并神经系统症状的手足口病患儿的临床特点.方法 对2008年5至8月于保定市手足口病定点医院住院治疗的133例合并神经系统症状的手足口病患儿的发病情况、临床表现、辅助检查、临床治疗及预后情况进行回顾性分析.结果 133例患儿发病年龄以≤3岁居多,男性多于女性,家居农村患儿占95%以上;临床表现除发热、疱疹外,以合并四肢反射性抖动、嗜睡、易惊等症状者居多,4例患儿发生肺水肿而危及生命.在辅助检查方面,91.6%的患儿脑脊液白细胞计数高于正常,50%患儿静脉血白细胞计数明显增高,38例危重患儿存在应激性高血糖及97例患儿有心肌细胞受损.在治疗方面,丙种球蛋白静脉输注及控制液体入量为预防肺水肿的有效措施;经积极干预后,90%的患儿临床痊愈出院.结论 手足口病为危害儿童健康及生命的传染病,可造成多脏器损害,极易合并中枢神经系统感染,临床表现多样,部分患儿合并肺水肿,预后差.临床应以预防为主,经限制液体入量及应用静脉丙种球蛋白等干预措施后,多数息儿预后良好.     

神经系统疾病患儿脑脊液NSE、NO和NOS改变的临床意义

神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (ＮＳＥ)是神经元损伤的敏感性标志 ,且具有高度特异性 ,在各种神经系统疾病时升高的程度与脑损伤程度及预后有密切关系[1] 。而一氧化氮 (ＮＯ)是兼有细胞内和细胞间的信使和神经递质作用的气体物质 ,它既具有通过多种途径传递神经元信息 ,调节脑血流 ,保护神经元的功能 ,在过量的情况下又有广泛的细胞毒性作用 ;而一氧化氮合成酶 (ＮＯＳ)是ＮＯ合成的关键因素[2 ] 。本研究目的在于探讨ＮＳＥ、ＮＯ和ＮＯＳ在神经系统疾病中变化规律、相互关系 ,对疾病发生、发展、转归的影响及其临床意义。对象和方法1.对象 :1997…     

累及神经系统的手足口病70例

目的探讨重症手足口病(HFMD)的临床特点和实验室检查指标,分析神经系统早期病变的特征及危重型病例的危险因素,以利于疾病早期诊断和治疗,降低病死率。方法对本院重症监护室2010年3月-2011年6月收治的70例重症HFMD患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据临床特征将70例患儿分为重型组和危重型组,比较2组神经系统、呼吸和循环系统的表现及实验室检查的差异。Logistic回归分析进展为危重型HFMD的危险因素。结果 70例重症HFMD患儿中,男43例,女27例;<3岁55例(78.6%);重型组41例(58.6%),危重型组29例(41.4%)。高热(≥39℃)38例(54.3%),典型皮疹50例(71.4%)。神经系统主要表现:精神差59例(84.3%),惊跳51例(72.9%),意识障碍38例(54.3%),肢体震颤31例(44.3%),呕吐24例(34.3%),膝反射异常41例(58.6%);呼吸和循环系统表现:呼吸浅快11例(15.7%),呼吸节律不规则15例(21.4%),肺水肿18例(25.7%),心率增快28例(40.0%),血压升高14例(20%),出汗8例(11.4%),毛细血管充盈时间(CRT)>5 s 11例(15.7%);血白细胞>12×109L-138例(54.3%),血糖>6 mmol.L-139例(55.7%)。危重型组在肢体无力、意识障碍、抽搐、膝反射减弱/消失、肌张力降低、呼吸浅快、呼吸节律不规则、心率增快、血压升高、出汗、CRT>5 s、高血糖、不典型皮疹的发生率方面明显高于重型组,差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,意识障碍、呼吸节律不规则、心率增快、高血糖、不典型皮疹是进展为危重型HFMD的危险因素。结论精神差、惊跳、意识障碍、肢体震颤、呕吐、膝反射异常是神经系统早期病变的表现;意识障碍、呼吸不规则、心率增快、高血糖、不典型皮疹是进展为危重型HFMD的危险因素。     

手足口病的临床特征及中枢神经系统并发症高危因素分析

目的 探讨不同肠道病毒所致手足口病的临床特征及发生中枢神经系统并发症(CNSC)的高危因素.方法 分析272例手足口病患儿,其中肠道病毒71型(EV71)感染92例、柯萨奇病毒组16型(CA16)感染31例、非EV71非CA16感染149例.有CNSC 42例,无CNSC 230例.比较分析不同肠道病毒感染患儿的临床特征,同时对伴有CNSC者进行多因素Logistic分析.结果 3组不同肠道病毒感染患儿的年龄、外周血自细胞计数(WBCC)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血糖(BG)水平差异无显著性(P＞0.05);而体温、热程、中性粒细胞百分比(NP)、肢体抖动(MJOL)及CNSC发生率3组间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).多因素Logistic分析发现,MJOL、WBCC＞1.2×109/L、EV71感染是CNSC的高危因素,而且MJOL具有最大相对危险度(OR=242.848,P=0.000).Logistic线性预测因子Z=-12.825+5.492(MJOL)+2.624(WBCC＞1.2×109/L)+1.900(FV71感染).结论 (1)EV71感染者比其他肠道病毒感染者有更高体温、NP、CNSC及MJOL发生率,热程比CA16感染者更长.(2)FV71感染、MJOL、WBCC＞1.2 x109/L是手足口病发生CNSC的高危因素,尤其MJOL对预测CNSC有重要意义.     

水痘合并神经系统损伤五例报道

目的 探讨水痘发生神经系统损伤的时间、类型及脑脊液的特点.方法 对5例水痘-带状病毒感染患儿的临床特点及影像学检查进行综合分析.结果 有1例发生在出疹后3～8 d,2例发生在出疹前2周,1例发生在出疹后3周.水痘合并神经系统损伤的5例患儿中脑炎1例、视神经炎1例、脊髓炎1例、面神经瘫痪1例及急性偏瘫1例.5例中仅3例行腰椎穿刺术检查,脑脊液所见均与其他病毒性脑炎相似,仅表现为压力、细胞数、蛋白正常或轻度升高.结论 水痘合并神经系统损伤发生的时间不定、类型多样,脑脊液表现不典型.     

Enzymatic changes in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with infections of the central nervous system

Enzymatic determinations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and creatine kinase BB (CK-BB) were performed in 16 patients with aseptic meningitis (AM), in 25 children with bacterial meningitis (BM) and in 15 patients with meningism. The activity of AST and GGT was significantly higher in patients with BM on admission compared with those with AM and meningism (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively) and decreased with therapy. The highest concentration of AST and LDH appeared in patients with poor outcome as well as in those with ventriculomegaly on neurosonography (p < 0.05). The concentration of CK-BB increased in all patient groups on admission and remained higher on termination of therapy. The present study confirms the high activity of AST and GGT in BM patients in the CSF whereas the increased activity of AST and LDH reflects the extent of brain injury. Nevertheless, the prognosis for individual patients cannot be established on the basis of enzyme activity alone, but depends on several factors.□     

Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid sialic acid concentration in children with central nervous system leukemia

We studied sialic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 52 children with leukemia and 51 children with non-leukemic diseases. The CSF sialic acid concentration in the children with central nervous system (CNS) leukemia was significantly higher than that in the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia without CNS involvement, acute non-lymphocytic leukemia without CNS involvement, non-hemopoietic diseases, non-suppurative meningitis, epilepsy, and other neurologic diseases. Serial determinations revealed a rapid decline in the CSF sialic acid concentrations in the patients with CNS leukemia who responded well to the therapy and who were free from relapse of CNS leukemia. The simultaneously determined CSF beta 2 microglobulin concentration did not show any significant changes. These results suggest that the CSF sialic acid may be a good indicator of CNS leukemia.     

Human herpes virus type 7 DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with central nervous system diseases

Human herpes virus type 7 (HHV-7) has been associated with unspecific febrile syndrome, exanthem subitum (ES), viral rashes and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) like syndrome. Neurological complications such as hemiplegia or seizures have been described in a few children with ES. Whether HHV-7 may also affect the CNS in the absence of ES is unknown. In this study, we investigated CSF samples from children with different neurological diseases for the presence of HHV-7 specific DNA. A HHV-7 specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was established amplifying a 478 bp DNA sequence of the glycoprotein U23 of HHV-7 strain SB. 68 children with CNS diseases with inflammatory CSF findings (n=24), CNS diseases without inflammatory CSF findings (n=18) and febrile seizures (n=26) were examined. A total of 26 children with infectious diseases in the absence of neurological disease and 11 children without signs of a peripheral infection and without neurological disease served as controls. The CSF samples of six children from the study groups were HHV-7 PCR positive, but none from the controls. These children were diagnosed with aseptic meningitis (n=1), viral encephalitis/meningoencephalitis (n=2), facial palsy (n=1), vestibular neuritis (n=1) and febrile seizure (n=1). Conclusion These results indicate that human herpes virus type 7 infection is associated with central nervous system disease in children and should be considered in children whether inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid is present or not. Received: 4 September 2000 and in revised form: 2 December and 23 December 2000 /  Accepted: 27 December 2000     

脑脊液细胞因子检测在小儿中枢神经系统感染鉴别诊断中的意义

目的　探讨脑脊液 (CSF)γ 干扰素 (IFN γ)、粒细胞集落刺激因子 (G CSF)、α肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)、白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )及白细胞介素 8(IL 8)的变化在小儿中枢神经系统感染 (CNSI)中的诊断价值。方法　采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测 14例化脓性脑膜炎 (PM)、30例病毒性脑膜炎 (VM)及2 2例非中枢神经系统感染患儿CSF中IFN γ、G CSF、TNF α、IL 6及IL 8水平。结果　PM组G CSF及IL 8[(132± 4 1)、(2 5 3± 0 5 6 ) μg/L]水平明显高于VM组 [(5 3± 2 2 )、(0 5 3± 0 4 6 ) μg/L](P <0 0 0 1) ;IFN γ在VM组 [(2 0± 0 4 ) μg/L]水平明显高于PM组 [(0 8± 0 5 ) μg/L](P <0 0 1) ;各脑膜炎组中TNF α及IL 6水平均高于对照组 (P <0 0 0 1) ,但各组间比较差异无显著性。G CSF及IL 8水平增高程度与CSF中性粒细胞计数呈正相关 ;IFN γ增高程度与CSF白细胞数及葡萄糖定量间无相关性。结论G CSF、INF γ及IL 8在CSF中显著增高有助于PM与非PM的鉴别诊断 ;TNF α、IL 6在感染性脑膜炎发病过程中的作用是非特异性的 ,其在CSF中的变化对感染性脑膜炎患儿鉴别诊断无临床意义     

中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液和血清胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ水平的变化及意义

目的　探讨中枢神经系统 (CNS)感染患儿脑脊液 (CSF)中胰岛素样生长因子 Ⅱ (IGF Ⅱ )水平的变化及其与CSF中葡萄糖浓度、蛋白质浓度和白细胞计数的关系。方法　 45例CNS感染患儿分为 2组 ,其中细菌性脑膜炎 (BM) 2 4例、病毒性脑炎 (VE) 2 1例 ,取 15例无神经系统疾病患儿的CSF作为对照组。用免疫放射分析法 (IRMA)测定CSF中IGF Ⅱ的浓度。结果　 1.BM组CSF中IGF Ⅱ浓度 64 .5 6± 49.61ng/ml显著高于VE组 3 1.41± 7.16ng/ml(P <0 .0 1)和对照组 2 7.19± 6.85ng/ml(P <0 .0 1) ;2 .CSF中IGF Ⅱ浓度与CSF中葡萄糖浓度呈负相关 (r =- 0 .5 61　P <0 .0 1) ,与CSF中蛋白浓度呈正相关 (r =0 .83 9　P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　1.IGF Ⅱ参与CNS感染的病理生理过程 ;2 .IGF Ⅱ可能参与CNS感染时CSF中葡萄糖和蛋白浓度变化的调节 ;3 .测定CSF中IGF Ⅱ浓度可对BM和VE的鉴别诊断提供帮助。     

Immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid in central nervous system disorders

Immunoglobulins were estimated in the cerebrospinal fluid from 70 cases of nervous system diseases. Thirty childern with evidence of C.N.S. irritation without infection served as controls. The immunoglobulins were higher in cases with C.N. S infections. Within this group meningeal involvement (tubercular and pyogenic) resulted in a significant rise in IgG compared to viral encephalitis. The proportion of immunoglobulin in the CSF protein can be helpful in distinguishing TBM from PM.     

Immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid in central nervous system disorders

Immunoglobulins were estimated in the cerebrospinal fluid from 70 cases of nervous system diseases. Thirty childern with evidence of C.N.S. irritation without infection served as controls. The immunoglobulins were higher in cases with C.N. S infections. Within this group meningeal involvement (tubercular and pyogenic) resulted in a significant rise in IgG compared to viral encephalitis. The proportion of immunoglobulin in the CSF protein can be helpful in distinguishing TBM from PM.     

中枢神经系统疾病患儿血清和脑脊液髓鞘碱性蛋白的定量分析

目的　探讨小儿中枢神经系统（ＣＮＳ） 疾病脑脊液（ＣＳＦ） 和血清髓鞘碱性蛋白（ ＭＢＰ） 水平的改变及临床意义,寻找反映小儿ＣＮＳ损伤的生化指标。方法　证实为ＣＮＳ疾病的患儿８５ 例,其中男５８ 例,女２７ 例,年龄１ 月～１３ 岁。采用ＥＬＩＳＡ 法对病例血清及部分病例ＣＳＦ标本作ＭＢＰ定量测定。结果　疾病组中ＣＮＳ感染、颅内出血、及颅内占位性病变等病例中ＣＳＦ和血清ＭＢＰ均值都明显高于正常对照组。结论　任何原因导致ＣＮＳ髓鞘结构的破坏时,其ＭＢＰ在ＣＳＦ的水平升高,当血清ＭＢＰ含量也升高时,提示血脑屏障（ＢＢＢ） 破坏,通透性升高。结果显示对ＣＳＦ和血清ＭＢＰ的检测,可作为一项反映ＣＮＳ损伤的生化指标。