蛋白酶体抑制剂PS-341靶向干预多发性骨髓瘤骨髓间充质干细胞的实验研究

目的:分析蛋白酶体抑制剂PS-341对多发性骨髓瘤(MM)骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)凋亡及其对IL-6、IL-1β、SCF细胞因子表达的影响。方法:含10?S的1640培养液培养得到MSCs,流式细胞术(FCM)鉴定所培养细胞的表型,以终浓度分别为0 nmol/L、50 nmol/L、100 nmol/L、150 nmol/L、200 nmol/L的PS-341作用MSCs 4 h,光学显微镜观察细胞形态改变,荧光显微镜下Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法观察细胞凋亡,反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测IL-6、IL-1β、SCF细胞因子表达的变化。结果:PS-341可诱导MSCs凋亡,与其浓度成正比;与对照组(0 nmol/L PS-341)比较,浓度分别为50 nmol/L、100 nmol/L、150 nmol/L、200 nmol/L的PS-341作用MSCs 4 h后明显抑制IL-6、IL-1β、SCF的表达(P<0.05);PS-341对IL-6和SCF的抑制与PS-341浓度成正相关(P<0.05),在初发/难治复发和完全缓解(CR)两组患者间均无显著差异;对IL-1β的抑制在CR组较初发/难治复发组更明显(P<0.05);PS-341作用后IL-1β表达的强弱对IL-6及SCF的表达无影响。结论:PS-341诱导MM患者MSCs凋亡和抑制其IL-6、IL-1β、SCF的表达,是PS-341有效治疗MM的靶点之一。     

蛋白酶体抑制剂PS—34——治疗骨髓瘤的新方法

多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是一种目前不能治愈的血液系统恶性肿瘤。一种蛋白酶体抑制剂PS-341提供了治疗MM的新方法。PS-341对MM有抑制增殖及信号传导,诱导凋亡,克服耐药,与地塞米松协同抗肿瘤作用,减少骨髓瘤细胞与骨髓基质细胞的粘附及后者分泌IL-6的水平,并能抵抗IL-6的抗凋亡作用。PS-341的作用机制目前研究较多的是其对NF-κB的抑制作用。     

蛋白酶体抑制剂PS-341--治疗骨髓瘤的新方法

多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是一种目前不能治愈的血液系统恶性肿瘤.一种蛋白酶体抑制剂PS-341提供了治疗MM的新方法.PS-341对MM有抑制增殖及信号传导,诱导凋亡,克服耐药,与地塞米松协同抗肿瘤作用,减少骨髓瘤细胞与骨髓基质细胞的粘附及后者分泌IL-6的水平,并能抵抗IL-6的抗凋亡作用.PS-341的作用机制目前研究较多的是其对NF-кB的抑制作用.     

多发性骨髓瘤患者血清中IL-6与IL-27水平监测的临床应用

目的 通过检测多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患者血清中IL-6与IL-27表达水平,探讨其在MM病情进展程度及疗效评价中的意义。方法 按照修订的R-ISS国际预后分期诊断标准,选择MM患者52例,其中Ⅰ期16例,Ⅱ期18例,Ⅲ期18例,选择同期正常对照组20例。用ELISA法检测各组血清中IL-6与IL-27表达水平,并随访观察其预后。结果 Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期MM患者血清中IL-6表达水平均明显高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(t=4.012,5.134,6.161,均P<0.01),Ⅲ期血清中IL-6的表达水平高于Ⅰ期,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.132,P<0.05)。而Ⅲ期IL-27表达水平显著低于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(t=3.831,P<0.01),Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期血清中IL-27表达水平也低于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.012,2.198,均P<0.05)。MM患者血清中IL-6表达水平与IL-27表达水平为负相关关系(r=-0.510,P<0.05)。MM患者初治组与复发组血清中IL-6的表达水平均明显高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(t=4.331,5.221,均P<0.01),而缓解组IL-6表达水平显著低于初治组,且差异有统计学意义(t=4.101,P<0.01)。初治组与复发组血清中IL-27的表达水平均明显低于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.133,2.521,均P<0.05),而缓解组IL-6表达水平高于初治组,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.001,P<0.05)。结论 多发性骨髓瘤的病情进展与患者血清中IL-6升高或IL-27降低有关,检测相关细胞因子IL-6和IL-27水平变化有助于判断病情严重程度及评估预后。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者血清IL-17水平及其临床意义

本研究旨在观察多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者血清中白介素-17(IL-17)的水平及其与MM活动期/稳定期、MM临床分期、血清β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)的关系,探讨IL-17在MM发病机制中的作用及其临床意义。采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测33例MM患者及20例对照者血清IL-17水平,应用放射免疫法检测血清β2-MG含量。结果表明,MM患者血清IL-17及β2-MG水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.001);活动期MM患者血清IL-17及β2-MG水平显著高于稳定期MM患者(P<0.05);按国际分期系统(ISS)分期,Ⅲ期MM患者血清IL-17及β2-MG水平明显高于Ⅱ期(P<0.05);血清IL-17与β2-MG水平呈显著正相关(r=0.690,P<0.05)。结论:血清IL-17水平与MM活动期/稳定期、MM分期相关,IL-17可能在疾病的发展过程及预后中有重要的作用。     

骨髓衰竭患者骨髓间充质干细胞细胞因子的表达变化及其意义

本研究旨在探索再生障碍性贫血（AA）、骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者骨髓间充质干细胞（MSC）多种细胞因子的表达及其意义。用半定量RT-PCR方法在mRNA水平上检测AA和MDS患者骨髓间充质干细胞IL-1β、SCF、G-CSF的表达;用实时定量PCR（RQ-PCR）在mRNA水平上检测AA和MDS患者骨髓间充质干细胞TPO的表达。结果表明,AA组SCF的表达明显低于正常对照组（p〈0.05）,TPO的表达较正常对照组明显升高（p〈0.05）,IL-1β的表达与正常对照组相比无明显差异（p〉0.05）。MDS组SCF的表达明显低于正常（p〈0.05）,而IL-1β、TPO的表达与正常对照组相比无统计学差别（p〉0.05）。AA和MDS两组之间IL-1β、SCF、TPO的表达均无明显差异（p〉0.05）。各组均未见G-CSF的表达。结论：AA患者骨髓间充质干细胞SCF和TPO的表达存在明显异常,MDS患者骨髓间充质干细胞SCF的表达也存在异常。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者血清IL-6与β2-MG水平的变化及临床意义

目的:探讨多发性骨髓瘤患者血清IL-6与β2-MG的变化及临床意义。方法:以本院2013年6月~2015年6月收治的60例多发性骨髓瘤患者为研究对象,以本院同期40例健康志愿者为对照组,用RIA法检测各组血清中IL-6与β2-MG表达水平,并随访观察。结果:MM组患者血清IL-6、β2-MG水平均显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。ISSⅢ期患者IL-6、β2-MG水平均高于ISSⅠ期和ISSⅡ期患者(P0.05)。MM患者初治组与复发难治组血清中IL-6、β2-MG的表达水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与初治组相比,MM患者治疗有效组IL-6、β2-MG表达水平显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。MM患者复发难治组血清中IL-6、β2-MG的表达水平均明显高于初治组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :IL-6、β2-MG在多发性骨髓瘤的发生发展中起着重要作用,IL-6、β2-MG水平的升高与患者预后密切相关,可将IL-6、β2-MG作为判断多发性骨髓瘤病情评估、治疗效果和预后监测的重要指标。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者血浆相关细胞因子水平及临床意义

目的：通过检测多发性骨髓瘤（multiple myeloma,MM）患者血浆中相关细胞因子的水平,探讨其在MM中的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析59例初诊MM患者（MM组）和30名健康体检者（对照组）血浆中IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)的水平以及免疫表型。流式微球技术定量检测血浆中6种细胞因子的水平。各组的细胞因子水平的差异采用Wilcoxon检验。结果：MM患者血浆中IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、IFN-γ的浓度均明显高于健康对照组（P<0.05）。根据ISS分期,不同分期的MM患者间细胞因子水平差异均无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。具有CD56高表达的MM患者血浆中IL-6水平明显高于CD56低表达组（41.74±62.73vs6.31±5.60 pg/ml）(P<0.05)。CD117高表达的MM患者血浆中IL-6水平高于CD117低表达组,但差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。MM患者化疗后,IL-6水平降低,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：IL-6在...     

多发性骨髓瘤患者转化生长因子-β1及IL-6的观察

目的研究多发性骨髓瘤患者(MM)血清中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)及白细胞介素6(IL-6)的含量与临床分期及预后的关系。方法用双抗体夹心ELISA方法,分别检测65例多发性骨髓瘤患者及65例对照组血浆中TGF-β1及IL-6含量,并观察其与MM的临床分期、肿瘤量分级的关系,及对病情预后判断的意义。结果 MM患者血清中的TGF-β1及IL-6含量较对照组均明显升高(P<0.01)。Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期MM患者的血清TGF-β1及IL-6明显低于Ⅲ期患者(P<0.01),Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期患者的血清TGF-β1及IL-6含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);随着临床分期增加含量呈递增趋势。TGF-β1及IL-6水平在临床参数Hb、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)异常组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 TGF-β1及骨髓基质细胞分泌的IL-6可能与MM的疾病进程有关,其水平升高是MM的预后不良的因素。     

特应性皮炎患者外周血Th17细胞比例及不同细胞因子微环境对其分化的影响

目的探讨Th17细胞在特应性皮炎(AD)发病机制中的作用。方法采用流式细胞术检测39例AD患者外周血单一核细胞(PBMC)中Th17细胞的比例,实时定量RT-PCR(real-timeRT-PCR)检测PB-MC中Th17细胞相关细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17、IL-23和TGF-βmRNA的表达水平,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中上述细胞因子的含量;同时以34例性别、年龄匹配的健康儿童做对照。分离AD患者PBMC体外培养,加入不同细胞因子微环境,观察其对Th17细胞数量及特异性转录因子RORγt表达的影响。结果 AD患者外周血Th17细胞比例(CD4+IL17+T细胞/CD4+T细胞%)显著高于正常对照者(P<0.01)。PBMC中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17和IL-23mRNA表达水平及血清中相应细胞因子含量均显著高于正常对照者(P<0.01),PBMC中TGF-βmRNA表达水平及其血清中含量与正常对照者比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AD患者PBMC在不同细胞因子微环境中培养,IL-1β+IL-23+IL-6处理组Th17细胞比例及RORγtmRNA表达最高,TGF-β处理组表达最低,与其余处理组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。IL-1β+IL-6、IL-1β+IL-23、IL-6+IL-23处理组Th17细胞比例及RORγtmRNA表达水平低于IL-1β+IL-23+IL-6处理组,高于TGF-β处理组和未处理组,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。IL-1β+IL-6、IL-1β+IL-23、IL-6+IL-23处理组间差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 AD患者外周血Th17细胞比例及相应促分化细胞因子表达水平升高,IL-1β+IL-23+IL-6对Th17细胞具有明显的促分化作用,Th17细胞在AD发病机制中发挥作用。     

多发性骨髓瘤骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性分析

为了研究多发性骨髓瘤（multiple myeloma，MM）病人骨髓间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells，MSC）的病理生物学特性，以探讨MSC在MM骨损伤发生中的作用，取11例初治MM病人和5例正常人骨髓，用贴壁法体外分离培养MSC。应用流式细胞术分析MM骨髓MSC表型，MTT法检测MSC增殖能力，组织化学染色测定细胞向成骨细胞和脂肪细胞分化能力。应用酶联免疫吸附实验（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）测定细胞培养上清液中白介素-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）和干细胞生长因子（stem cell factor，SCF）浓度。收集MSC培养上清作为条件培养液，按梯度浓度加入人SKO007骨髓瘤细胞系培养体系中，MTT法测定细胞增殖能力差异。结果表明：与正常人骨髓MSC比较，MM患者骨髓MSC的表型无改变，均一表达CD29、CD73、CD166和HLA-ABC，不表达CD45和CD31；MM患者骨髓MSC增殖和分化能力正常，且具有相似的成骨和成脂肪分化功能；MM骨髓MSC分泌IL-6和SCF的水平均明显高于正常；MM来源的MSC培养上清显著促进SKO007细胞的增殖。结论：MM患者骨髓MSC的增殖分化功能正常，MM时骨损伤可能与MSC分化功能无关，而IL-6和SCF高表达为骨髓瘤细胞提供了必要的生存信号。     

体外扩增脐血CD34+细胞的实验研究

目的 探讨体外扩增脐血干／祖细胞用于成人脐血移植的可能性。方法 从１０份新鲜的脐血标本中纯化的ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞接种于含体积分数为２０％的胎牛血清（ＦＢＳ）的ＩＭＤＭ培养基的悬 培养体系中,分别加入由ＳＣＦ、Ｆｌｔ－３Ｌｉｇａｎｄ（ＦＬ）与ＩＬ－１β、ＩＬ－３、ＩＬ－６、Ｇ－ＣＳＦ、Ｅｐｏ（合称１３６ＧＥ）组成的３组细胞因子（Ａ组：１３６ＧＥ＋ＦＬ;Ｂ组：ＳＣＦ＋１３６ＧＥ;Ｃ组：ＦＬ＋ＳＣＦ＋１３     

不同年龄段人骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性的研究

本研究通过对不同年龄段人骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymalstemcell,MSC)的研究探讨MSC生物学特点与年龄的关系,从而为临床寻找合适供体,迅速获取所需MSC提供实验依据。骨髓供体按年龄分为4组:A组(胚胎)、B组(0-20岁)、C组(20-40岁)和D组(40岁以上)。观察各组骨髓MSC的生长、增殖、分化特点;用流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志,用ELISA方法检测培养上清造血相关因子的水平;进行核型分析及成瘤试验;评价不同年龄段供体骨髓MSC在临床造血干细胞移植中的应用价值。结果显示:各组骨髓均可培养出MSC,各组MSC表面标志无显著差异;各组MSC均具有向脂肪细胞和成骨细胞分化的能力;原代培养B组骨髓MSC含量较多,贴壁时间早,传代时间短,P0至P1时间为5.5天,传至P10需33天,8×106MNC培养至P10时MSC数达(5.19±2.15)×1010;A、C、D组P0至P1时间分别为15、7和13天,传至P10分别需50、60和72天,8×106MNC培养传代至P10时MSC数分别为(4.98±2.08)×1010、(1.86±0.47)×1010、(0.64±0.22)×1010。A组MSC较细长,细胞融合后生长无接触抑制,P15增殖速度开始减缓;B、C、D组MSC形态相似,有生长接触抑制B组P10开始增殖减缓,C、D组P8开始增殖减缓;B组MSC培养上清中SCF、FLT3L、IL6及SDF1水平高于其它各组。各组间细胞的增殖指数无显著差异。核型分析均为正常核型,成瘤实验为阴性。结论:MSC增殖生长特性与年龄密切相关;根据临床造血干细胞移植的需要,0-20岁年龄组骨髓是短时间内获取足够细胞数的理想供体,分泌HGFs水平亦占优势;0-20岁组骨髓MSC的生物学特性优于其他各组,可以作为MSC的供源。     

Sensitization of DNA damage-induced apoptosis by the proteasome inhibitor PS-341 is p53 dependent and involves target proteins 14-3-3sigma and survivin

Proteasome inhibition following DNA damage results in the synergistic induction of apoptosis via a nuclear factor-kappaB-independent mechanism. In this study, we identify the role of p53 in mediating apoptosis by the sequence-specific treatment involving the DNA-damaging, topoisomerase I-targeting drug SN-38 followed by the proteasome inhibitor PS-341 (SN-38-->PS-341). The p53-dependent sensitization of DNA damage-induced apoptosis by PS-341 is accompanied by persistent inhibition of proteasome activity and increased cytosolic accumulation of p53, including higher molecular weight forms likely representing ubiquitinated species. In contrast, pretreatment with PS-341 followed by treatment with SN-38 (PS-341-->SN-38), which leads to an antagonistic interaction, results in transient inhibition of proteasome activity and accumulation of significantly lower levels of p53 localized primarily to the nucleus. Whereas cells treated with PS-341-->SN-38 undergo G2 + M cell cycle arrest, cells treated with SN-38-->PS-341 exhibit a decreased G2 + M block with a concomitant increase in the sub-G1 population. Decreased accumulation of cells in the G2 + M phase of the cell cycle in SN-38-->PS-341-treated cells compared with PS-341-->SN-38-treated cells correlates with enhanced apoptosis and reduced expression of two p53-modulated proteins, 14-3-3sigma and survivin, both of which play critical roles in regulating G2 + M progression and apoptosis. The functional role of 14-3-3sigma or survivin in regulating the divergent function of p53 in response to SN-38-->PS-341 and PS-341-->SN-38 treatment in inducing apoptosis versus G2 + M arrest/DNA repair, respectively, was confirmed by targeted down-regulation of these proteins. These results provide insights into the mechanisms by which inhibition of proteasome activity modulates DNA damage-induced apoptosis via a p53-dependent pathway.     

Proteasome inhibition measurements: clinical application

BACKGROUND: PS-341, a selective inhibitor of the proteasome, currently is under evaluation as an anticancer agent in multiple phase I clinical trials. In animal-model studies, PS-341 was rapidly removed from the vascular compartment and distributed widely, quickly approaching the limits of detection. An accurate pharmacodynamic assay has been developed as an alternative or complement to pharmacokinetic measurements. METHODS: Fluorogenic kinetic assays for both the chymotryptic and tryptic activities of the proteasome have been optimized for both whole blood and blood cells. Using the ratio of these activities and the catalytic mechanism of the proteasome, we developed a novel method of calculating percentage of inhibition, using two structurally unrelated inhibitors (PS-341 and lactacystin). RESULTS: This ratio method was demonstrated to be sensitive (detection limit of 13% inhibition with 10 microgram of cell lysate), specific to the proteasome (PS-341 provides >98% inhibition), accurate (112% analyte recovery), and precise (0% +/- 5% inhibition at 0 nmol/L PS-341 and 74.5% +/- 1.7% inhibition at 200 nmol/L PS-341). Using these assays, we found that both erythrocytes and leukocytes contain proteasome at 3 micromol/L. Pharmacodynamic results for PS-341 obtained from the whole-blood ratio method were comparable to those using leukocytes determined by another method. CONCLUSIONS: The described assay provides a reliable method for studying the pharmacodynamics of proteasome inhibitors and is now in use in concurrent phase I clinical trials with PS-341.     

Proteasome inhibitor PS-341 (VELCADE) induces stabilization of the TRAIL receptor DR5 mRNA through the 3'-untranslated region

Addition of proteasome inhibitor PS-341 (VELCADE, bortezomib) to prostate cancer cells enhances cell death mediated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). PS-341 sensitizes prostate cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by increasing TRAIL receptors (DR5), inhibiting protein degradation, and elevating DR5 mRNA. Investigations into how PS-341 regulates the stability of DR5 mRNA revealed that PS-341 increased DR5 mRNA by extending its half-life from 4 to 10 h. The 2.5-kb 3'-untranslated region of the DR5 gene stabilized a heterologous gene in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells, suggesting the importance of this mRNA sequence. In contrast, human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU145 do not show this stabilization, suggesting cell specificity. PS-341 treatment of LNCaP cells increases the level of specific cytoplasmic mRNA-binding proteins, including AUF-1 isoforms, hnRNP C1/C2, and HuR proteins. In UV cross-linking experiments, after PS-341 treatment, the HuR protein markedly increases binding to specific sequences in the DR5 3'-untranslated region. In LNCaP cells treated with PS-341, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of HuR markedly decreases the half-life of DR5 mRNA, indicating that HuR is essential for mRNA stabilization. HuR protein is ubiquitinated, suggesting that PS-341 increases this protein by preventing its degradation. These experiments implicate modulation of mRNA stability as a novel mechanism by which proteasome inhibitors function, sensitizing cancer cells to antineoplastic agents.     

多发性骨髓瘤患者外周血Th17细胞功能研究

本研究探讨Th17细胞及其分泌的细胞因子IL-17、IL-21在多发性骨髓瘤（MM）发生发展中所起的作用.将55例MM患者分为未缓解组（A组,30例）和缓解组（B组,25例）,健康自愿者作为对照组（C组,30例）.采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测外周血单个核细胞（PBMNC）刺激培养上清液中IL-17、IL-21和IL-6的水平,并用流式细胞术分析PBMNC中Th17细胞的比例.结果表明,A组IL-6、IL-17及IL-21的水平与Th17细胞比例均明显高于B组和C组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;B组与C组相比,IL-6、IL-17及IL-21的水平与Th17比例差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;未缓解组MM患者IL-17与IL-6的水平呈正相关（r=0.782,P＜0.05）,IL-21与IL-6的水平呈正相关（r =0.778,P＜0.05）.结论：Th17细胞可能作为启动因素参与了MM患者的免疫发病过程,并促进病情的进展.     

Tim-3在多发性骨髓瘤患者Th17/Treg细胞失衡中的意义

目的:探讨Tim-3在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者Th17/Treg失衡中的意义。方法:选取56例初诊MM患者及30例健康者,采用流式细胞术检测两组外周血CD4^+T细胞上Tim-3的表达、Th17和Treg细胞各占比例、Th17/Treg比值、Tim-3在Th17及Treg细胞上的表达、Tim-3^+Th17/Tim-3^+Treg比值。运用ELISA技术检测细胞因子IL-17和IL-10的水平。分析Tim-3^+Th17/Tim-3^+Treg平衡与临床指标的关系。结果:与对照组相比,MM患者外周血CD4^+T细胞上Tim-3表达明显增高(P<0.05)。MM患者组Th17细胞比例、Th17/Treg比值较对照组明显增高(P<0.05),MM患者Treg细胞比例较对照组低,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MM患者组细胞因子IL-17、IL-10及IL-17/IL-10比值均较对照组明显增高(P<0.05)。MM患者组Tim-3^+Th17细胞水平及Tim-3^+Th17/Tim-3^+Treg比例较对照组明显增高(P<0.05),MM患者Tim-3^+Treg细胞水平较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MM患者Tim-3^+Th17/Tim-3^+Treg比值与ISS分期、DS分期、染色体异常及sFLCR呈正相关(r=0.635、r=0.501、r=0.449、r=0.587)。结论:MM患者体内存在Th17/Treg、IL-17/IL-10及Tim-3^+Th17/Tim-3^+Treg比值增高,其中Tim-3^+Th17/Tim-3^+Treg比值与患者ISS分期、DS分期、染色体异常及sFLCR有关,提示Tim-3参与了MM患者Th17/Treg失衡。     

Human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) express hematopoietic cytokines and support long-term hematopoiesis when differentiated toward stromal and osteogenic lineages

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone marrow-derived pluripotent adherent cells of mesenchymal origin can differentiate along the osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and tendonogenic lineages. In this report we characterize cytokine and growth factor gene expression by MSCs and investigate the modulation of cytokine expression that occurs during osteogenic and stromal differentiation. MSCs constitutively expressed mRNA for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and stem cell factor (SCF). MSCs treated with IL-1alpha upregulated mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-11, and LIF, and began to express detectable levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). mRNA levels of M-CSF and SCF did not change. MSCs cultured in osteogenic medium differentiated along the osteogenic lineage and downregulated mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-11 and LIF whereas, M-CSF and SCF expression were unchanged and G-CSF and GM-CSF remained undetectable. IL-3 was not detected in MSC culture under any conditions. MSCs precultured in control medium, IL-1alpha, or osteogenic medium maintained similar capacity to support long-term culture initiating cell (LT-CIC). Thus, primary and osteogenic differentiated MSCs produce important hematopoietic cytokines and support hematopoiesis in long-term cultures, suggesting that these cells may provide an excellent ex vivo environment for hematopoiesis during progenitor cell expansion and may be important for in vivo cell therapy.     

膜联蛋白A2基因对多发性骨髓瘤细胞的诱导凋亡作用及相关机制研究

本研究探讨膜联蛋白A2（AnxA2）基因诱导骨髓瘤U266、RPMl8226细胞凋亡的作用及相关机制。采用AnxA2siRNA转染人骨髓瘤U266、RPMl8226细胞,应用实时PCR和Westernblot检测AnxA2基因和蛋白的表达。应用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,应用实时PCR检测凋亡相关基因的表达水平。结果表明,AnxA2siRNA转染U266和RPMl8226后,AnxA2基因和蛋白表达水平均明显下调;细胞凋亡率增高（P〈0．05）,同时降低凋亡相关基因p65NF-κB、儿_2、IL-6的表达（P〈0．05）,增强P53基因的表达（P〈0．05）。结论：AnxA2基因沉默在骨髓瘤细胞U266和RPMl8226凋亡中起促进作用。