Adrenocortical adenoma containing a fat component: CT and MR image evaluation

A case of adrenocortical adenoma containing small adipose foci is presented. A small amount of fat within the mass led to an erroneous preoperative diagnosis of myelolipoma. Adrenal adenoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of adrenal mass containing fat.     

Hepatocellular carcinoma: Findings on spiral CT during arterial portography

Background To determine characteristic imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on spiral CT during arterial portography (SCTAP) and to correlate the presence or absence of spontaneous portosystemic shunts with the degree of hepatic parenchymal enhancement during SCTAP in patients with HCC.Methods SCTAP scans of 20 patients with HCC were retrospectively analyzed for tumor features, degree of hepatic parenchymal enhancement, and presence or absence of spontaneous portosystemic shunts.Results Nineteen tumors (95%) were hypoattenuating masses and one (5%) was isoattenuating compared with the liver on SCTAP. In seven patients (35%), the tumor was homogeneous in attenuation. Tumor margins were smooth and regular in 12 patients (60%). Vascular invasion and encapsulation were depicted in 10 patients (50%). A high degree of hepatic parenchymal enhancement was observed in 14 patients; one of them (7%) had spontaneous portosystemic shunts. Poor or moderate enhancement was observed in six patients; five of them (83%) had spontaneous portosystemic shunts (p <.001).Conclusion The presence of a low attenuated homogeneous intrahepatic mass with associated vascular invasion on SCTAP scans should raise the possibility of HCC. The presence of spontaneous portosystemic shunts is associated with poor or moderate parenchymal enhancement.     

CT demonstration of liquid intratumoral fat layering in a necrotic renal cell carcinoma

We describe a case of clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the kidney with CT evidence of fat that contradicts the rule that radiologically demonstrable fat is absent in renal carcinoma. The cyst-like appearance, egg-shell parietal calcifications, and extrarenal development of the mass suggested a preoperatively incorrect diagnosis of teratoma.     

Adrenocortical carcinoma with fat inclusion: case report

Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare tumor that arises from the adrenal cortex, with an estimated incidence of 0.5% to 2% per 1 million patients yearly. Although some fat content can be expected in hormonally active adrenocortical carcinomas, areas of 100% fat are extremely rare. We present a case of an adrenocortical carcinoma with a small focus of pure fat depicted on magnetic resonance imaging.     

肾上腺腺瘤与转移瘤的CT鉴别诊断

对38例肾上腺腺瘤及32例转移瘤共85个病灶的CT表现进行分析,应用ROC曲线比较病灶CT值及病灶大小对腺瘤与转移瘤的鉴别诊断价值。结果表明病灶CT值的诊断价值优于病灶大小,当病灶CT值大于20Hu时,诊断转移瘤的敏感性和特异性分别为87％和79％,准确性是84％。     

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the anus arising in condyloma acuminatum: CT demonstration

We present two cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the anus complicating long-standing anal condyloma acuminatum. The computed tomographic (CT) findings are reviewed, and the increasing importance of malignant transformation of anal condylomas is discussed.     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤3例诊断与治疗

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤是一种临床罕见的良性肿瘤,好发于交感神经节,而在肾上腺髓质发生较为少见。我院自2003年3月至2006年3月共收治3例,且瘤体均大于10cm,术后经病理证实。现总结如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料本组肾上腺节细胞神经瘤3例,均为女性,年龄38~42岁,平均年龄39.7岁,病     

MR imaging of adrenal lymphoma

A case of lymphoma of the adrenal glands is presented. Both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated large bilateral adrenal masses with no other associated abdominal abnormalities. MR was better able to demonstrate inferior vena caval patency than CT, and effectively exclude pheochromocytoma as a differential diagnostic consideration due to signal characteristics of the masses.     

CT staging of early rectal carcinoma

Of 43 rectal carcinomas, initially presumed to be modified Dukes' stage A or B-1, 42 were examined with computed tomography (CT) prior to endocavitary treatment or surgery in 40 cases. The CT correctly showed 28 patients to have early stages and incorrectly showed 2 to have perirectal extension. Three patients had anal neoplasms. The remaining 10 patients had disease stage B-2 or higher and CT was not good for staging them. A CT scan can fairly accurately stage rectal carcinomas stage A and B-l grouped together, and is doing better in predicting the prognosis than digital palpation when histologic sections show well or moderately well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum.     

Well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma: findings of US, CT, and MR imaging

Background: To elucidate the imaging characteristics of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) on ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Methods: Ultrasonograms, CTs, and MR images of 18 histopathologically proven well-differentiated HCCs in 15 patients were reviewed. The findings of these images were correlated with histopathologic findings. Results: On US, seven tumors were depicted as a hyperechoic area and eight as a hypoechoic area. Three tumors were not visualized. On precontrast CT, four tumors were depicted as a low-density area, but 14 were not visualized. On conventional contrast-enhanced CT, 12 tumors were depicted as a low-density area but six were not visualized. On T1-weighted MR images, 10 tumors had high signal intensity and two had low signal intensity. Six tumors were not visualized. On T2-weighted MR images, five tumors had high signal intensity and two had low signal intensity. Eleven tumors were not visualized. Tumors with fatty change and/or clear cell formation were frequently hyperechoic on US and hyperintense on T1-weighted MR images. Conclusions: Well-differentiated HCCs show different findings on US, CT, and MR imaging. Therefore, reliable diagnosis of well-differentiated HCCs by these imaging techniques may be difficult. Received: 29 April 1998/Revision accepted: 15 July 1998     

肾上腺钝性损伤的CT分析

目的：探讨腹部钝性伤所致肾上腺损伤的CT征象。方法：回顾分析15例因腹部钝伤而行CT检查示有肾上腺损伤的资料，其中男性13例，女性2例。9例行CT平扫及增强检查，6例平扫；11例行CT随访。结果：15例肾上腺损伤均为单侧性损伤并伴同侧胸腹部损伤，位于右侧11例（73％），左侧4例，1例伴肾上腺肿瘤。10例CT主要表现为肾上腺区类圆形或卵圆形血肿（67％），3例（20％）表现为伤侧肾上腺增粗，1例（7％）表现为肾上腺区较弥漫的出血，1例原有肾上腺肿瘤存在。10例（67％）肾上腺邻近脂肪内出血呈条束状或局限性密度增高影，3例（20％）后肾周间隙的出血表现为类似膈脚增厚改变。结论：肾上腺损伤右侧远多于左侧，常伴有同侧胸腹腔和腹膜后损伤，肾上腺血肿有时需与肾上腺原发肿瘤相鉴别，鉴别主要方法是随访及增强CT检查。     

Hepatic artery aneurysm: CT and MR features

The authors report a case of common hepatic artery aneurysm diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR). Features of both techniques are described and discussed. The surgical and radiologic literature is reviewed.     

Capsule and mosaic pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma: Correlation between CT and MR imaging

Computed tomography (CT) was compared with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in depicting the capsule and the mosaic pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma in 34 patients. The kappa statistic was used to compare results from both modalities. For the detection of the capsule, there was a substantial agreement beyond chance between late enhanced CT (more than 5 min after dynamic CT) and MR imaging (kappa=0.76). Late enhanced CT and MR imaging had almost perfect agreement for the demonstration of the mosaic pattern (kappa=0.85). These agreements were better than the agreements between unenhanced CT and MR imaging or between early enhanced CT and MR imaging. These results suggest that late enhanced CT compares favorably with MR imaging in depicting the capsule and the mosaic pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma.     

肾上腺皮质癌的CT表现

目的探讨肾上腺皮质癌(ACC)的CT表现以及其与病理组织学的关系。方法回顾性分析7例ACC患者的CT表现和病理资料。结果所有肿瘤均表现为占据肾上腺区的直径>4cm的巨大分叶状肿块,边缘清晰,具有明显的包膜结构,其中1例突破包膜侵犯肾静脉。肿瘤中央存在囊变结构和瘢痕组织,其中5例为星芒状,2为十字形。4例中心存在沙粒样钙化,所有肿瘤内部均有不同程度出血。结论 ACC具有特征性CT表现,与病理相结合有助于确诊。     

肾上腺髓样脂肪瘤的CT诊断

目的分析和探讨肾上腺髓样脂肪瘤的CT表现特征及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析21例经手术病理证实的肾上腺髓样脂肪瘤的CT表现。分析病变位置、形状、大小和病变内有无钙化、出血、脂肪和假包膜及增强后的表现特征等。结果本组共21例,均为单发,15例位于右侧。肾上腺,6例位于左侧。肿瘤最大径线为1．7—11cm,肿瘤多呈圆形或类圆形,病灶内部含有脂肪和髓样成分,CT表现因病灶内所含成分的比例不同而有所差异,其中16例呈脂肪与软组织混合密度,3例以脂肪密度为主,2例以软组织密度为主,无1例肿瘤内部有出血。3例肿瘤边缘可见钙化,所有病例假包膜完整,CT增强后脂肪成分未见明显强化,软组织成分轻度强化。结论肾上腺髓样脂肪瘤有比较典型的CT表现,通过CT平扫及增强扫描一般能做到术前诊断,部分不典型病变术前诊断比较困难,确诊仍依靠病理。     

肾上腺损伤的CT诊断(附9例报道)

目的探讨肾上腺损伤的CT表现特征。方法回顾性分析9例经临床或随访证实的肾上腺损伤患者的CT资料,其中男7例,女2例,9例均行CT平扫加增强检查。结果 9例损伤均为单侧,右侧8例,左侧1例。CT主要表现为肾上腺区类圆形或卵圆形血肿7例,肾上腺区弥漫出血2例,增强后未见强化。8例合并其他脏器损伤。结论 CT平扫和增强扫描表现具有一定特征性,结合临床病史能对肾上腺损伤做出正确的诊断。     

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma

The magnetic resonance (MR) appearance of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) on T1- and T2-weighted and dynamic serial postgadolinium-DTPA images is reported. Both tumors were large (>7 cm in shortest dimension) and had central regions of low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images. Diffuse heterogeneous enhancement of the tumors occurred on immediate postcontrast images. Lesions became more homogeneous in enhancement over time, but lack of enhancement of central portions of the tumor persisted. Although persistent lack of enhancement of the tumor scar on late postcontrast MR images may be characteristic of FL-HCC compared with delayed enhancement in focal nodular hyperplasia, the potential similarities between these tumors is stressed.     

肾上腺肿瘤的CT、MRI诊断

目的探讨和比较CT、MRI对肾上腺肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断价值.方法回顾性分析204例经手术病理及临床证实的肾上腺肿瘤的CT、MRI表现.结果 CT、MRI对肾上腺肿瘤定位、定性(区分良、恶性肿瘤)及判断肿瘤组织学类型的准确性分别为94.02%、91.85%、89.13%和98.15%、95.15%、90.74%.CT像素矩阵图上,25例(75.76%)肾上腺腺瘤内有轻度负CT值区域,非腺瘤无此征象.13例腺瘤在MRI反相位(OP)图像上的信号强度(SI)都有明显下降,SI指数平均(52.65±18.01)%;非腺瘤的信号强度无明显下降.结论结合临床表现和生化检查,CT、MRI能诊断大部分肾上腺肿瘤,两者的诊断价值相似,MRI对较大肿瘤的定位、定性及判断肿瘤组织学类型有优越性.     

能谱CT多参数鉴别诊断肾上腺乏脂性腺瘤与结节性增生

目的 观察能谱CT多参数鉴别诊断肾上腺乏脂性腺瘤(Lp-AA)与肾上腺结节性增生(ANH)的价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的Lp-AA(n= 24,Lp-AA组)和ANH(n = 20,ANH组)患者的常规CT平扫和动、静脉期能谱CT增强图像,比较组间动、静脉期标准化40～140 keV(间隔10 keV)单能量...     

外伤性肾上腺血肿的CT表现

目的:探讨外伤性肾上腺血肿的形成机制、CT诊断特征及临床应用价值。材料与方法:回顾分析19例经CT复查证实的外伤性肾上腺血肿CT扫描资料。结果:19例肾上腺血肿均发生在单侧,其中右侧16例、左侧3例。CT表现为肾上腺区域长椭圆形、类圆形肿块影,CT值50～69Hu,大多数血肿密度均匀、边缘清楚,长径2～4cm,长径与肾上腺前后径一致。合并肾上腺周围组织器官损伤15例,远离肾上腺的下腹部、盆腔损伤3例,单纯性右侧肾上腺血肿1例。本组19例均在外伤后5～192天内做了1～4次CT复查,其中11例从血肿中央开始密度减低,5例从血肿边缘开始密度减低,其余3例不具备上述特点。本组病例中只有2例追踪到6个月后复查血肿吸收消失,肾上腺形态逐渐恢复正常。结论:外伤性肾上腺血肿应首选CT检查,CT诊断具有特征性,有别于其它肾上腺占位,可避免不必要的腹部手术探查。