子宫肌瘤发病危险因素1∶2配比病例对照研究

目的 探讨子宫肌瘤发病的危险因素.方法 采用1∶2配比病例对照研究的方法,对211例病例及422名对照的相关资料进行条件logistic回归分析.结果 宫颈糜烂、盆腔炎、附件炎、月经病、家族妇科肿瘤病史是子宫肌瘤发病的危险因素,其OR值分别为2.904、3.101、7.742、3.942、2.426;初潮年龄延迟是一个保护因素,其OR值为0.841.结论 子宫肌瘤发病与宫颈糜烂、盆腔炎、附件炎、月经病、家族妇科肿瘤病史有关.     

沿海人群非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病危险因素的病例对照研究

为了解沿海地区人群非胰依赖型糖尿病的危险因素,对１０１例ＮＩＤＤＭ患者进行了１：２配比病例对照研究。多因素条件Ｉｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析显示：糖尿病家族史,体重超重、高血压为该人群ＮＩＤＤＭ的危险因素,ＯＲ值分别为３．９２２、２．３９１、３．１６２;喜食素食为保护性因素,其ＯＲ值为０．４４５。     

部队肺结核发病因素的病例对照研究

目的　研究部队人员肺结核发病的危险因素。方法　采用１∶２ 配比的病例对照研究对８６ 个病例及１５３ 个对照的相关资料进行条件ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ 回归分析,计算比值比（ＯＲ） 。结果　单因素分析中,文化程度、肺结核病例接触史、卡介苗接种史及卡痕等因素的ＯＲ 值分别为２．１９ 、２ ．０３、０ ．３８和０ ．５４（Ｐ＜０ ．０５） 。多因素分析中卡痕、肺结核病例接触史和文化程度进入了最终模型,ＯＲ值分别为０ ．３６ 、１ ．９４和２ ．３３。结论　卡介苗接种对预防部队人员结核病有作用,肺结核病例接触史是一个潜在的危险因素。     

京、津、沪、渝四城市肺癌危险因素病例对照研究

目的 分析肺癌危险因素,探讨监测指标。方法 利用《常见恶性肿瘤发病,死亡及危险因素监测方法研究》课题第１次现场调查中京、津沪、渝四市城区病例对照调查资料,运用多因素条件ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析方法。结果 在调整年龄、受教育程度、人均月收入和控制其他因素作用的基础上,吸烟（ＯＲ＝３．４６）、体质指数小（ＯＲ＝１．１８）,长期精神压抑（ＯＲ＝２．６４）、情绪调节能力差（ＯＲ＝２．７１）,既住呼吸系疾病     

膀胱癌危险因素交叉配比病例对照研究

对１１２例膀胱癌病例进行与非肿瘤对照和胃癌对照交叉配比病例对照研究，结果相对于胃癌、膀胱癌的特异危险因素为危险职业作业史（ＯＲ＝２．０７）、泌尿道病史（ＯＲ＝２．８３）、憋尿（ＯＲ＝２．８７）、常服解热镇痛药（ＯＲ＝２．６７）；较特异危险因素为吸烟（ＯＲ＝２．７５）和食用糖精（≥１５次／年，ＯＲ＝４．００）；一般因素为精神创伤（ＯＲ＝２．１１）。遗传易感性似乎不明显。     

Graves病的危险因素分析

对大庆市龙凤地区１００例Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病采用１：１配比的病例对照研究，分析形成Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病的危险因素．结果表明其危险因素有家族遗传史（ＯＲ＝１４３３．６４４０）；个性不稳定（ＯＲ＝２５．１３５３）；感染（Ｏ＝１３．７７３０）；生活事件（２）（ＯＲ＝３．３０３９），生活事件（３）（ＯＲ＝１１．１４５３）；初次怀孕年龄（ＯＲ＝１．１０９６）．没有发现因素间存在交互作用。结果说明Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病是一种受遗传因素和环境因素共同作用的自身免疫性疾病．从模型拟合的顺位、ＯＲ值大小及标准化回归系数上看，Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病受遗传因素影响较大。     

职业因素与冠心病发病关系的病例对照研究

为了研究职业因素与冠心病发病的关系,本文应用１１配对病例对照研究方法对职业因素与冠心病之间关系进行了研究。共对１５０对资料进行了单因素分析、叉生分析、条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析。结果显示：（１）劳动类型中的脑力劳动（ＯＲ＝２．９３）、职业类型中的企事业管理人员（ＯＲ＝３．１０）、接触职业性有害因素种类中的工作紧张（ＯＲ＝２．４３）、有机溶剂（ＯＲ＝９．５０）与冠心病的发病密切相关,其中脑力劳动可能是冠心病的重要危险因素;（２）脑力劳动、企事业管理人员、工作紧张与高血压、高血脂之间存在明显的协同作用     

湖北省城区居民女性乳腺癌人群归因危险度的分析

应用１：２配比的病例对照研究方法对湖北省武汉、襄樊、随州、老河口、荆沙等５个城区的女性乳腺癌发病危险因素进行了研究。多元条件Ｌｏｇｉｃｔｉｃ回归模型分析表明，该人群乳腺癌主要的危险因素为乳腺良性病史（ＯＲ＝８．４７），生育胎次少（ＯＲ＝１．４８），初产年龄晚（ＯＲ＝１．１７）。将多元Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归模型有关参数值带入Ｂｒｕｚｚｉ公式，据病例的暴露分布估算出上述３个危险因素相应的调整人群归因危险     

肺癌危险因素配对分配中对照人群选择的探讨

目的 探讨肺 危险因素配对分析中人群对照的选择方法,为开展肺癌危险因素监测 提供依据。方法 利用《常见恶性肿瘤发病、死亡及危险因素监测方法研究》课题中北京、天津、上海、重庆４市城区的调查资料,运用条件ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析方法对３组１：１邻居,１：１正常人,１：２正常人匹配病例对照资料进行分析。结果 ３组资料肺癌主要危险因素的ＯＲ值一致,食物因素等的结果有一定差异;邻居对照和正常人对照因素暴露率     

2型糖尿病危险因素的非条件Logistic回归分析

采用频数匹配病例对照研究方法,随机选择徐州市２型糖尿病新诊断病例１８５例和人群对照１９７例,对研究因素进行单因素和多因素非条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析。结果表明,腰臂比大（ＯＲ＝３．０７）、糖尿病阳性家族史（ＯＲ＝２．６５）、主食摄入量大（ＯＲ＝３．４５）、经常性甜食摄入（ＯＲ＝２．７３）、肉类摄入量大（ＯＲ＝２．３０）、经常性牛奶摄入（ＯＲ＝２．１９）、Ａ型性格（ＯＲ＝２．６５）、高血压（ＯＲ＝     

Familial aggregation of uterine myomas in Japanese women

To assess the familial aggregation of uterine myomas in Japanese women with myomas, one hundred forty four women requiring surgery for myomas and 288 age-matched healthy controls were studied in Hokkaido, Japan. The incidence of positive first-degree family history of myomas among women aged 45-54 years with myomas was greater than that among controls (31.5% versus 15.2%, respectively, p < 0.01). Analyses categorized by the status of parity and familiality among subjects showed that the risk for myomas was the greatest in women who had both fewer births (parity = 0 or 1) and the positive family history of myomas as compared with those who had both more births (parity > or = 2) and the negative familiality of myomas (odds ratio = 5.8, 95% confidence interval = 2.3 - 14.6). The results of this study suggest that Japanese middle-aged women with myomas have the familial predisposition of uterine myomas. Furthermore, nulliparous women with the familial aggregation of myomas may be at increased risk of the disease.     

Case-control study of risk factors for cedar pollinosis among parents of 3-year-old children

PURPOSE: To identify risk factors associated with cedar pollinosis among parents of three-year-old children. METHODS: The subjects were parents whose children underwent health examination at the age of three years in September and October 1997 in Tochigi prefecture. We distributed questionnaires to the examinees beforehand with the request that they be filled in and brought to the examination site. Information on parents' environmental factors (place of residence, type and structure of housing, and distance from roads with heavy traffic), and mothers' past history and family history of allergic diseases was obtained. We defined cedar pollinosis in terms of three symptoms, sneezing, nasal discharge, and nasal obstruction, between February and May. Controls were those who did not have any of the three symptoms. Environmental factors were assessed with univariate and multivariate analyses using unconditional logistic models. Maternal genetic factors were also analyzed with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals calculated for each. We also compared odds ratios of environmental factors between groups with and without genetic factors. RESULTS: Of the parents of children taking the health examination, 90.2% took part (2,968 of 3,291 couples). Information was obtained from 2,846 mothers and 2,905 fathers. Mother and father cases were 312 and 229, and controls were 1,857 and 1,934, respectively. For the univariate analysis of environmental factors, place of residence (residential area/agricultural area), type of housing (apartment complex/solitary house), structure (reinforced concrete building/wooden house), and distance from heavy traffic (< 100 m/100 m+) were positively related to cedar pollinosis. For the multivariate analysis using unconditional logistic models, the odds ratio was significantly high for distance from heavy traffic (< 100 m/100 m+) among fathers. Mothers' past history and family history of allergic diseases showed high odds ratios for cedar pollinosis. We classified groups with and without past and family histories of allergic diseases (group with and without genetic factors) for assessment with multivariate analyses. Odds ratios for the group with an allergic history were higher than for those without such a history, but difference for factors such as, distance from heavy traffic type of housing, and structure were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Risk of cedar pollinosis increases with distance from heavy traffic among fathers. Mothers with histories of allergy show slightly elevated odds ratios for environmental factors, but without statistic significance.     

Interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: A reanalysis of case-control studies

To study the interaction among genetic and environmental risk factors, a reanalysis of case-control studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was conducted based on the original data of all studies carried out to January 1, 1990. Seven studies were included in the present analysis, comprising a total of 814 AD patients and 894 control subjects. When comparing those with a positive and negative family history of dementia, similar odds ratio were found for late maternal age [1.7; 95% confidence interval (0.6–4.8) vs. 2.0 (1.1–3.5)], head trauma [1.7 (0.7–4.2) vs. 1.9 (1.1–3.2)], and history of depression [2.0 (0.2–19.8) vs. 2.1 (0.8–1.7)]. This suggests a model in which these risk factors increase the risk for AD independent of family history of dementia. Among those with a positive family history of dementia, the odds ratios for family history of Down's syndrome [4.2 (0.9–20.0))] and of Parkinson's disease [3.3 (0.4–28.2)] tended to be higher than among those with a negative family history of dementia [2.6 (0.8–8.5) and 2.4 (0.8–7.0), respectively]. However, for both disorders the difference in odds ratio was not statistically significant. For history of cigarette smoking, there was no association to AD for those with no first degree relatives with dementia and an inverse relation with AD for those with a positive family history. Although in all analyses, family history of dementia remained significantly associated with AD in the absence of other factors, the odds ratio associated with family history of dementia tended to be lower for those with a positive smoking history, particularly for those with two or more affected relatives. These findings suggest that smoking may interact specifically with a genetically determined process. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

洛阳市肝癌危险因素的病例对照研究

目的：探讨中国肝癌低发区肝癌的危险因素，为肝癌的预防提供科学依据。方法：采用病例对照研究设计，以50例肝癌患者和73例健康对照作为研究对象，询问其暴露史，然后应用SAS软件进行单因素和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果：单因素非条件logistic回归分析表明，乙肝病史、亲属肿瘤史、疟疾、水果、吸烟是肝癌的危险因素，其比值比分别为９９．４３、７．４６、３．８０、２．９０和２．３５；月经异常是女性肝癌的危险因素，其比值比为4．25；蔬菜和自来水是肝癌的保护因素，其比值比分别为0．42和0．14。多因素非条件logistic回归分析表明，乙肝病史、亲属肿瘤史、疟疾、精神创伤、吸烟和油炸食品是肝癌的危险因素，其比值比分别为89．23、35．52、17．19、3．88、4．39和4．27；20年前生活水平是肝癌的保护因素，其比值比为0．23。讨论内容：肝癌是多因素所致的恶性肿瘤；水果成为肝癌的危险因素，可能是患乙肝后所致的偏倚；首次报告油炸食品和月经异常与肝癌的关联。     

乙肝病史、肿瘤家族史和心理因素对肝癌的交互作用

为探讨居民肝癌的主要危险因素以及各因素间的联合作用,采用病例对照研究方法,分析各因素的比值比以及因素之间的交互作用,归因交互百分比,结果显示乙肝病史,肿瘤家族史和易生气,有抑郁感,消极处世态度等因素可能是肝癌的危险因素。比值比（ＯＲ及９５％ＣＩ０分别为１８．２６（４．４０－７５．７７）,２．７５（１．２２－６．１２）,１．６７（０．９２－３．０６）,１．７０（１．０８－２．１７）和２．００（１．２     

北京地区已婚妇女子宫肌瘤患病状况及危险因素调查

目的 研究北京地区25 ～ 54岁已婚妇女子宫肌瘤患病率及其危险因素.方法 于2007年3月～2008年9月采用多阶段抽样方法,在北京地区抽取10个区县53个社区/村的2 378名25 ～ 54岁已婚妇女为研究对象,进行妇科体检和超声检查,并进行问卷调查.结果 北京地区25 ～ 54岁已婚妇女子宫肌瘤患病率为11.1％;25 ～34、35 ～ 39、40 ～54岁组已婚妇女子宫肌瘤患病率分别为2.9％、9.9％和17.3％;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄和一级血亲具恶性肿瘤史与子宫肌瘤有关.结论 40～ 54岁已婚妇女是子宫肌瘤的高发人群,一级血亲具恶性肿瘤史为子宫肌瘤的危险因素.     

鼻咽癌危险因子的危险度计算及其意义

目的 确定鼻咽癌主要危险因素及其综合危险度,用于估算个人患鼻咽癌的风险,为今后鼻咽癌的筛查和防治提供参考依据.方法 在电子数据库Pubmed和CBMDisc内中检索鼻咽癌相关文献,通过数据库检索和手工查阅纸质期刊的方式获取全文.通过综述性文献,结合鼻咽癌相关文献中的研究因素,确定鼻咽癌主要危险因素.筛选符合纳入标准的文...     

重庆社区居民糖尿病相关危险因素定量评价标准

目的 探讨重庆市16岁以上社区居民糖尿病相关危险因素,制定危险因素的定量评价模型,为预测个体糖尿病的患病危险奠定基础.方法 采用病例对照研究的方法,从重庆市沙坪坝、小龙坎、天星桥、渝碚路、磁器口5个社区中以1:2的比例抽取糖尿病患者1981例,健康人群3962例进行回顾性调查,利用logistic回归方法分析,得出各危险因素与糖尿病的OR值,运用统计模型将不同暴露水平的危险因素转化成危险分数.结果 得到不同性别、年龄、行为、疾病以及家族史的个体在不同情况下的危险分数,男性为高脂血症史(14.995)、冠心病(6.689)、高血压家族史(4.005)、吸烟(3.111)等13个危险因素进入主效应模型;女性为高脂血症史(12.426)、高血压家族史(3.986)、脑卒中史(2.714)、嗜甜食(1.244)等15个危险因素.根据个体情况得到组合危险分数,从而预测该个体的糖尿病发病危险.结论 改变不良的生活方式以及个人疾病的积极治疗和控制,能有效降低糖尿病的发病率;而根据危险因素建立的危险分数评估模型是健康教育的有力依据,也是当前开展社区卫生服务的重要方法.     

Association between adolescent pregnancy and a family history of teenage births

CONTEXT: The extent to which young women's risk of adolescent pregnancy is associated with having a mother who was a teenage parent, a sister who was a teenage parent or both is not known. METHODS: A sample of 127 Latina and black adolescent females completed in-depth surveys at three time points between 1994 and 2000. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine whether socioeconomic factors, mothers' parenting characteristics and certain sibling relationship qualities explain the association between a family history of teenage births and young women's risk of pregnancy. RESULTS: Compared with young women with no family history of teenage births, young women whose sister had had a teenage birth and those whose sister and mother both had had teenage births were significantly more likely to experience a teenage pregnancy (odds ratios, 4.8 and 5.1, respectively). Young women who had only a sister who had had a teenage birth had greater odds of pregnancy than young women who had only a mother who had had a teenage birth (4.5). Having both a mother and a sister who had had teenage births was independently associated with an elevated risk of pregnancy (3.7), even after controlling for socioeconomic and mothers' parenting characteristics. Frequent companionship with an older sister was associated with increased odds of teenage pregnancy (4.5); frequent conflict with an older sister who had had a teenage birth was marginally associated with decreased odds of the outcome (0.3). CONCLUSION: Pregnancy prevention interventions targeting young women according to maternal and sibling teenage birth histories may be effective.     

Potential errors resulting from sex and age difference in assessing family history of coronary heart disease

BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease occurs nearly exponentially with age and differently between men and women. Therefore, difference in sex and age of family members yields errors in assessing the family history as a risk factor. The influence of sex and age on the positivity of family history was assessed numerically. METHODS: Through questionnaires filled in by the parents of 2316 high school students, information was obtained on the past history of coronary heart disease among students' parents, grandparents, uncles, and aunts. The sex- and age-specific proportion of a positive history was calculated from the past history among the 24,071 family members. The influence of sex and age on a positive history was estimated as odds ratios by logistic regression analysis of the past history. RESULTS: The odds ratios obtained for sex and age difference were 1.61 (95% confidence interval: 1.42-1.83) and 1.07 (95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.07), respectively. This indicated that a positive history was 1.61 times higher among male members than among female members of the same age, and that a positive history increased by (1.07)y, where y was age difference by year. CONCLUSIONS: Potential errors resulting from disregarding the sex and age of family members can be substantial, judging from the above numerical figures. Some measures to control for the sex and age of family members are required in assessing family history of coronary heart disease.