非典型抗精神病药对血脂、血清催乳素的影响研究进展

非典型抗精神病药使用中的一个重要临床问题：代谢方面的异常表现，即代谢综合征，是近年来临床研究的焦点之一。本文主要对既往该方面的有关文献作一综述，试图发现其间的临床特征及相互关系，为今后基础研究或临床实践等提供帮助。     

抗精神病药对老年精神分裂症患者血清催乳素的影响

目的：探讨几种抗精神病药对老年精神分裂症患者血清催乳素（PRL）的影响。方法：随机选取抗精神病药治疗老年精神分裂症患者121例,分别在治疗前后测定血清PRL水平。结果：患者经舒必利、奋乃静、氟哌啶醇和利培酮治疗后血清PRL明显升高,各药物之间以及治疗前后比较差异均有显著性（F=15．95,P〈0．01）。PRL水平的升高与药物剂量呈正相关。氯氮平对PRL水平影响不明显。结论：典型和非典型抗精神病药对老年精神分裂症患者血清PRL水平的影响同样明显,强弱的顺序依次是舒必利、奋乃静、氟哌啶醇和利培酮。     

非典型抗精神病药的抗抑郁效应

非典型抗精神病药具有治疗抑郁和焦虑的作用 ,用于抑郁症的治疗 ,也取得很好的效果 [1] ,而且还对伴发的妄想、幻觉有效[2 ] ,因此 ,已用于难治性抑郁症的治疗。非典型抗精神病药用于双相情感性精神障碍不仅有利于抑郁、躁狂症状的消失 ,而且还可以预防发作、中断转相。1　精神分裂症的抑郁症状1 .1　氯氮平 :氯氮平治疗的精神分裂症 ,近期和远期的自杀率都明显少于典型抗精神病药物 ,这主要与氯氮平减少抑郁、明显缓解精神病理学和改善认知功能有关 [3 ]。Melzter的研究发现 ,自杀的成功率降低 85% ,提示氯氮平有显著的抗抑郁效果 [4 ]。1…     

抗精神病药对血脂的影响

了解病人服用抗精神病药后的血脂变化，以期阐明体重增加副反应的机理。给７０例分鲜明症病人在服药前后抽血测定血脂浓度。发现服药后表甘油三脂，胆固醇，及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度均有所升高。抗精神病药可能对血脂代谢有所影响，从而使病人日趋肥胖。     

非典型抗精神病药对精神分裂症认知功能影响的研究进展

认知功能障碍已成为精神分裂症的核心症状之一,非典型抗精神病药对认知功能均有一定的改善作用。     

非典型抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者血清甲状腺激素水平的影响

目的探讨非典型抗精神病药利培酮、奥氮平对精神分裂症患者甲状腺功能的影响。方法将符合《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(第3版)》(CCMD-3)的54例精神分裂症患者,采用随机数字表法分成服用利培酮和奥氮平两组,其中利培酮组29例,给药初始剂量为4 mg/d,2周内逐渐加至6 mg/d,观察至8周末;奥氮平组25例,给药初始剂量为10 mg/d,2周内逐渐加至15mg/d,观察至8周末。分别在治疗前、治疗第8周末测血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、血清总甲状腺素(TT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、血清游离甲状腺素(FT4)及促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平。结果利培酮组治疗前后血清TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TSH水平差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),奥氮平组治疗前后血清TT3、TT4、TSH水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗前后FT3、FT4差异有统计学意义[(3.01±0.28)pg/mlvs.(2.81±0.26)pg/ml,(0.91±0.2)pg/mlvs.(0.77±0.14)pg/ml,P0.05]。利培酮组治疗后血清TT3、FT3水平升高,较奥氮平组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论利培酮对精神分裂症患者甲状腺功能无实质影响,奥氮平能影响精神分裂症患者血清FT3、FT4的水平,在治疗中应注意监测服用奥氮平的精神分裂症患者的甲状腺激素水平。     

妊娠期服用非典型抗精神病药文献复习

就妊娠期服用非典型抗精神病药对胎儿影响进行综述。     

抗精神病药对血脂水平影响的研究

抗精神病药对血脂水平影响的研究翟正万，邬建民，王文玲精神分裂症患者在接受抗精神病药治疗过程中，常可出现体重增加或肥胖，其机制尚未阐明。本文对这些患者进行血脂变化的观察，以探讨其可能的联系。观察组５３例，其中男３３例，女２０例，平均年龄３９．３岁，平均...     

3种非典型抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者心电图的影响

目的:探讨3种非典型抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者心电图的影响。:方法:将270例精神分裂症患者随机分成3组,分别给予利培酮、阿立哌唑和齐拉西酮治疗,于治疗前和治疗2、4、8周进行心电图检查。结果:利培酮组、阿立哌唑组和齐拉西酮组的心电图异常率分别为27.8%、26.7%和22.2%。其中利培酮组与阿立派唑组女性异常率显著高于男性(P<0.05)。心电图改变主要为T波改变、窦性心动过速、窦性心动过缓、室性期前收缩、不完全右束支传导阻滞。结论:3种非典型抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者心电图均有影响,但轻而可逆。     

非典型抗精神病药对男性精神分裂症患者性功能影响的初步分析

目的 探讨喹硫平、利培酮、奥氮平及氯氮平对男性精神分裂症患者性功能影响的差异.方法 将门诊就诊的男性精神分裂症患者145例,分为喹硫平组 30 例、利培酮组 47 例、奥氮平组 31 例及氯氮平组 37 例.检测各组患者血清泌乳素水平.使用简明男性性功能量表、阳性与阴性综合征量表(PANSS)评估性功能及精神症状,用副反应量表(TESS)评估药物治疗的不良反应.共观察8周.结果 治疗第 8 周末,利培酮组的性功能量表总分及因子分均较治疗前降低,奥氮平组的性唤起因子及性功能因子得分有所下降,氯氮平组的性满意度因子及性功能因子得分有所下降.喹硫平组得分无明显变化.利培酮组和奥氮平组治疗第 8 周末的血清泌乳素水平高于基线水平[利培酮组:(12±5)ng/ml,(20±6)ng/ml,t=13.92,P＜0.01;奥氮平组:(13±6)ng/ml,(18±5)ng/ml,t=8.27,P＜0.01],喹硫平组和氯氮平组无明显变化.影响男性精神分裂症患者性功能的因素有泌乳素、年龄及TESS分.结论 常见非典型抗精神病药物对男性精神分裂症患者的性功能影响有所不同.     

Metabolic consequences of atypical antipsychotic drugs

Atypical antipsychotic drugs have become the treatment of choice for psychotic disorders. However, these medications, though certainly superior in many respects to the more traditional medications, have been shown to have a number of untoward consequences. Understanding of the metabolic consequences of these medications is essential for the psychiatrist. The possible development of diabetes, weight gain, and hypertriglyceridemia in patients taking atypical antipsychotics makes it imperative that the prescribing physician regularly monitor patients on these agents. One possible monitoring scheme is outlined and recommendations for treatment are discussed.     

Aripiprazole: a new atypical antipsychotic with a different pharmacological mechanism

Aripiprazole is a new atypical antipsychotic with a mode of action that is distinct from currently available antipsychotic drugs. In phase III comparative clinical studies, aripiprazole 15–30 mg/day was at least as effective as haloperidol and risperidone in short term treatment of acute exacerbation of schizophrenia but superior to haloperidol in long term maintenance therapy. Consistent with an atypical profile, aripiprazole is effective against positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and has a favourable side effect profile with the incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) comparable to placebo. It is also devoid of side effects such as clinically significant hyperprolactinaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and cardiotoxicity, and has a low propensity for weight gain. Symptom relief is achieved without significant sedation. These clinical data suggest its usefulness in psychosocial rehabilitation, as well as in long-term prevention of schizophrenic relapse. Recent results from a multicentre, open-label study in a general psychiatric setting provide the first evidence that aripiprazole is also effective under naturalistic conditions. However, only post-marketing experience will show whether the positive results of these controlled trials can be replicated in everyday practice.     

新型抗精神病药物对肝功能的影响及帕利哌酮的优势

目的探索新型抗精神病药对肝功能的影响,以及帕利哌酮与其他新型抗精神病药相比是否具有优势。方法采用病例回顾研究方法,收集2010年1月-2014年2月北京回龙观医院新入院精神分裂症患者91例,均符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)诊断标准。给予单一或联合新型抗精神病药系统治疗,于治疗前后检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、血清总胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆红素(T-BIL)、直接胆红素(D-BIL)、间接胆红素(I-BIL)、白蛋白/球蛋白(A/G)水平。结果使用新型抗精神病药物治疗后肝功能异常率为14.28%。用药后ALT、GGT、TBA水平增加,ALT、TBA异常率增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。T-BIL、D-BIL、I-BIL水平下降,I-BIL异常率下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。方差分析显示,帕利哌酮组、利培酮组和其他组三组间血清ALT水平差异有统计学意义(F=3.664,P=0.03),多重比较显示,帕利哌酮组分别与其他两组血清ALT水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论新型抗精神病药物对肝功能的影响主要体现在对肝细胞实质的影响。帕利哌酮与其他新型抗精神病药相比对肝脏的安全性更好。     

Insight in persons with schizophrenia: effects of switching from conventional neuroleptics to atypical antipsychotics

The primary aim of our study is to evaluate the level of insight during the switch from a classical antipsychotic drug to a atypical neuroleptic. Twenty-two schizophrenic patients were admitted to the study, 9 were male and 13 were female. Standardized questionnaire were: Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Schedule for Assessing the three components of Insight (SAI). All patients were receiving haloperidol at time of recruitment. Eight patients were switched to clozapine, 3 to risperidone and 11 to olanzapine. The global function, measured with BPRS, increased after administration of atypical antipsychotics. The positive and negative symptoms were reduced. The level of insight was increased after the administration of the atypical antipsychotics. The cognitive effect of the atypical antipsychotics changed the level of insight and augmented the compliance.     

阿立哌唑替换传统和其他非典型抗精神病药物的临床研究

目的 探讨用阿立哌唑替换传统和其他非典型抗精神病药物治疗的疗效、耐受性和安全性。方法 对118例使用传统和其他非典型抗精神病药治疗的精神分裂症患者换用阿立哌唑治疗8周,用PANSS、CGI—GI、TESS作为评估工具,于换药前及换药后的第1、2、4、8周进行评分,然后对换药前后的疗效、耐受性和安全性进行比较。结果 所有患者都顺利地从原来的药物换用了阿立哌唑治疗,换用阿立哌唑后PANSS总分、阴性症状以及CGI疾病严重程度均得到改善,P〈0．05或P〈0．01。嗜睡、EPS、体重增加、月经紊乱、静坐不能等副反应显著减少。结论 阿立哌唑替换传统和其他非典型抗精神病药物,可以提高疗效,减少副反应,显示了良好的疗效、耐受性和安全性,有利于长期服药维持治疗。     

Correlates of subjective well-being in schizophrenic patients treated with atypical antipsychotics

Objective

A growing body of research indicates that a low subjective well-being (SW) may be predictive of non-adherence and less favourable outcome. This study examined baseline variables and variables in the course of treatment hypothesised to be associated with later SW.

Methods

Sixty-three inpatients with schizophreniform disorder or schizophrenia were randomly assigned to treatment with various atypical antipsychotics after a wash-out phase of 2 days. Subjects were evaluated with a protocol that examined psychopathology (Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, PANSS), side effects (Scandinavian Society of Pharmacology, UKU), and subjective well-being (Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic treatment, SWN) at baseline and endpoint (mean duration of treatment 39.9 days). Two-thirds of subjects were multiple episode schizophrenic inpatients pre-treated with antipsychotics.

Results

Multiple regression analyses revealed that the PANSS negative score, neurological side effects, and SWN at baseline, as well as change of the PANSS positive score between baseline and endpoint, were associated independently with SW at endpoint (R²=0.55 after exclusion of two subjects).

Conclusions

Patients with low SW, severe negative symptoms, and neurological side effects, all at baseline, as well as those without improvement or deterioration of positive symptoms are at risk of low SW later in treatment and, most likely, of non-adherence.     

Tardive dyskinesia in children treated with atypical antipsychotic medications.

Recent years have witnessed increased antipsychotic treatment of children despite limited long‐term safety data in children. In this study, motor side effects associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs in children were examined in a sample of pediatric psychiatric patients. Child and adolescent psychiatric patients receiving antipsychotics (most were on atypicals) for 6 months or longer (n = 118) were compared with antipsychotic‐naïve patients (n = 80) with similar age, sex ratio, and diagnoses. Only 19% of patients on antipsychotics had ever experienced psychotic symptoms. Eleven children (9%) on antipsychotics exhibited dyskinesia, when compared with 0 in the naïve group (P = 0.003, Fisher's exact test). Nine of 62 African–American children (15%) on antipsychotics exhibited dyskinesia, when compared with only 4% (2 of 52) of European–American children (P = 0.003, Fisher's exact test). Children treated with antipsychotic drugs might experience a significant risk of dyskinesia even when treated only with atypical antipsychotics. Ethnicity might also be a risk factor for dyskinesia in children. Side‐effect profile of the atypical antipsychotic drugs in children may be much different than that in adults. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society     

Serum prolactin and smoking status in chronic antipsychotic-treated male patients with schizophrenia

We investigated the effects of smoking status on the serum prolactin levels in schizophrenia. The serum prolactin concentration was significantly higher in nonsmokers compared with smokers. Moreover, smoking was an independent predictor of prolactin concentration. These findings suggest that smoking has an impact on prolactin concentration in male schizophrenic patients.