双氯芬酸钠人体内的药代动力学

目的 :研究双氯芬酸钠卵磷脂微乳在人体内的药代动力学。 方法 :10例健康男性志愿者单剂量口服双氯芬酸钠微乳和肠溶衣片 ,以吲哚美辛为内标 ,用反相 HPL C法 ,紫外 2 80 nm处测定血清中双氯芬酸钠浓度。数据用 3P87程序处理。结果 :双氯芬酸钠质量浓度在 5 0～ 80 0 0μg/ L范围内线性关系良好 (r=0 .9996 ) ,最低检测浓度为 30μg/ L ,平均空白回收率为(10 0 .5 5± 1.5 6 ) %。双氯芬酸钠微乳和肠溶衣片 AU C0～∞ 分别为 5 .5 6 3、7.891μg· h/ ml,MRT分别为 5 .489、5 .387h。结论 :双氯芬酸钠微乳具有特殊的吸收机制。     

离子导入与促渗剂对双氯芬酸钠凝胶经皮吸收的影响

目的 :考察离子导入和经皮渗透促渗剂月桂氮酮对双氯芬酸钠凝胶经皮吸收的促渗透作用。方法 :以聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基甲基纤维素等高分子材料制备双氯芬酸钠凝胶 ,通过家兔在体被动扩散、月桂氮酮预处理、离子导入、月桂氮酮预处理加离子导入 4种方法 ,考察其血药浓度变化 ,并用扫描电镜观察不同处理对皮肤的影响。结果 :双氯芬酸钠凝胶在家兔体内被动扩散其血药浓度无法测得 ,月桂氮酮预处理后血药浓度时间曲线下面积 (0 h～ 7h)是 8.4μg· ml- 1 · h- 1 ,而离子导入、月桂氮酮预处理加离子导入后双氯芬酸钠血药浓度时间曲线下面积分别为 2 .7和 15 .4μg· ml- 1 · h- 1 。扫描电镜结果显示 ,电场及月桂氮酮对皮肤角质层并未引起明显的损伤。结论 :双氯芬酸钠凝胶家兔在体实验结果表明 ,月桂氮酮预处理和离子导入对促进双氯芬酸钠的经皮渗透有协同作用 ,且对皮肤不产生明显的损伤作用     

双氯芬酸钠肠溶片的血药浓度测定及人体药代动力学研究

目的 :研究双氯芬酸在正常志愿者的血药浓度及体内的药代动力学 ,为临床用药提供依据。方法 :16名健康男性志愿者 ,单剂量口服双氯芬酸钠肠溶片 10 0 mg,在不同时间点取静脉血 ,血药浓度采用高效液相色谱法 (HPL C)测定。由血药浓度数据获得各自的主要药动力学参数。结果 :志愿者单次服用 10 0 mg双氯芬酸钠肠溶片后的药代动力学参数 AUC0→∞ 、AU C0→ 8、Cmax、Tmax分别为 (5 .98± 1.4 7) mg.h/ L、(6 .15± 1.5 2 ) mg.h/ L、(2 .96± 0 .84 ) m g.h/ L、(2 .2 5± 0 .32 ) h。结论 :双氯芬酸钠肠溶片在我国正常志愿者的药代动力学参数与国外的相似。     

注射用阿莫西林钠细菌内毒素检查方法的探讨

注射用阿莫西林钠为中国药典 2 0 0 0年版收载品种 ,热原检查方法为家兔法 ,笔者对该品进行了细菌内毒素的方法研究。1　材　料注射用阿莫西林钠 (5 0 0mg/瓶 ,批号 :C2 0 0 10 4 36 ,C2 0 0 10 835 ,C2 0 0 110 0 2 ,哈尔滨制药总厂 ) ,鲎试剂 (灵敏度为 0 .5EU·ml- 1,批号为 0 10 72 6 ;灵敏度为 0 .2 5EU·ml- 1,批号为 0 10 70 9,湛江海洋生物制品厂 ) ,细菌内毒素工作标准品 (10 0EU/支 ,批号 :2 0 0 0 - 7,中国药品生物制品检定所 ) ,细菌内毒素检查用水 (批号 :0 0 0 32 0 ,湛江海洋生物制品厂 )。2　方　法2 .1　供试品细菌内…     

布洛芬分散片的制备及其在家兔体内的生物利用度研究

目的 :制备布洛芬分散片并与市售片剂比较在家兔体内的药代动力学和生物利用度。方法 :通过因素考察和正交设计制定处方 ,并采用 HPL C法测定血药浓度。结果 :优化处方符合设计要求 ,其药代动力学符合一室开放模型。布洛芬分散片和对照药品布洛芬普通片的 cmax分别为 ( 9.79± 2 .2 5 )和 ( 4.5 4± 1.5 0 ) μg/ ml;tmax分别为 ( 0 .2 7± 0 .0 7)和 ( 2 .0 3± 0 .5 3) h;t1 /2分别为 ( 6 .6 5± 2 .14)和 ( 9.17± 4.38) h;AU C0 -∞ 分别为 ( 94.11± 2 8.38)和 ( 6 5 .2 0± 18.38) μg· h· m l- 1。布洛芬分散片对普通片的相对生物利用度为 16 4.11%。 结论 :布洛芬分散片服用方便 ,吸收迅速 ,其生物利用度显著优于普通片。     

左旋氨氯地平的RP-HPLC法分析及其在家兔体内药代动力学研究

建立测定家兔血浆中左旋氨氯地平浓度的 RP- HPL C分析方法 ,并对其在家兔体内的药代动力学进行研究。将血浆样品在碱化条件下经乙醚提取 ,用 Kromasil C1 8(15 0 mm× 4 .6 mm,5 μm)反相柱 ,甲醇 -水 (42∶ 5 8,内含三乙胺 0 .1% )为流动相 ,流速为 1.0 ml/ m in,检测波长 2 38nm等条件下 ,分析测定。结果发现 :平均回收率为 94 .32 %～ 98.4 6 % ,RSD<7.0 % ,线性范围 :1.0～ 5 0 .0 ng/ ml (r=0 .9992 ) ,最低检测限可达 0 .1ng。结果提示 :RP- HPL C法操作简便、准确灵敏、重现性好 ,可用于左旋氨氯地平的药代动力学研究。     

超细粉体技术对二妙丸体内吸收、分布的影响

目的　探讨超细粉体技术对二妙丸中指标成分小檗碱在动物体内吸收、分布的影响。方法　采用高效液相色谱法测定服用普通粉或超细粉二妙丸后的家兔血浆和小鼠组织中小檗碱的浓度 ,并用 3P97软件计算相应药动学参数。结果家兔分别给药 2种二妙丸后 ,药物动力学过程均符合二室模型 ,主要参数普通二妙丸组为 :t1/ 2 (Ka) =0 .5 6 6 9h ,C(max)=187.72 6 9ng/mL ,T(peak) =1.4 185h ,AUC =6 897.870 1(ng/mL)·h ;超细粉二妙丸组为 :t1/ 2 (Ka) =0 .5 0 2 3h ,C(max) =2 5 1.6 2 0 8ng/mL ,T(peak) =1.0 70 1h ,AUC =5 4 33.6 2 0 6 (ng/mL)·h。小檗碱在小鼠体内各脏器中分布 ,超细粉组均高于普通粉组。结论　经超细粉碎技术处理的二妙丸在体内吸收、分布明显优于普通二妙丸 ,消除也较普通二妙丸快。     

糖芥苷G在家兔体内药动学研究

目的 :研究糖芥苷G在家兔体内药动学的特征。方法 :6只家兔静脉注射糖芥苷G ,以咖啡因为内标物 ,采用高效液相色谱法测定血中药物含量 ,通过药动学程序软件进行数据处理。结果 :糖芥苷G在家兔体内的动力学特征符合二室模型 ,其动力学方程 :C =10 3.0 3e-1.2 71t 6 .5 44e-0 .172t。主要药动学参数为Vd :0 .16 72L ;AUC :2 992 .76 (ug ml) .mint1 2 (1) :7.38min .;t1 2 (2 ) :2 0 0 .79min .。结论 :该研究为糖芥苷G今后的进一步研究和应用奠定了基础     

血浆中双氯芬酸钾含量测定方法学研究

目的 :为了测定血浆双氯芬酸钾特建立反相高效液相色谱测定法。方法 :反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱 :HypcrsilODSC18柱 ,5μm( 2 50× 4 .6)mmI .D ;流动相 :甲醇— 2 0mmol/L磷酸二氢钾液 ,用磷酸调至 pH 2 .5;流速 :1ml/min ;柱温 :4 3℃ ;检测波长 :2 82nm。结果 :线性方程为As/Ai=2 .881× 1 0 -3C -0 .0 0 2 1 ,r =0 .9998,线性范围为 ( 1 6～ 1 2 80 0 ) μg/L ,高、中、低三种浓度的双氯芬酸钾测得的日内精密度小于 2 .99% ,日间精密度小于 6.67% ,平均回收率为 ( 99.58± 1 .0 9) %。血浆最低检测浓度为 5μg/L。 结论 :该方法简便、准确、稳定 ,可用于测定血浆双氯芬酸钾浓度和该药药代动力学研究。     

吲哚美辛口服自微乳化给药系统的大鼠体内药动学研究

目的 研究吲哚美辛口服自微乳化给药系统(IDM-SMEDDS)在大鼠体内的药动学特征.方法 大鼠灌胃给予IDM-SMEDDS(给药剂量按IDM计为8.0 mg/kg),采用HPLC法测定IDM在大鼠血浆中的药物浓度,以IDM原料药制备混悬液作为参比,绘制两者血药浓度-时间曲线,DAS Ver2.0药动学软件计算药动学参数.结果 IDM-SMEDDS的药动学过程符合二室模型,权重因子为1/C2,IDM混悬液的药动学过程符合一室模型,权重因子为1/C2;大鼠口服IDM-SMEDDS的Cmax为42.56 μg/mL、Tmax为1h、AUC0-48h为814.25(μg·h)/mL,口服IDM混悬液的Cmax为9.72 μg/mL、Tmax为6h、AUC0-48 h为134.57(μg·h)/mL.结论 自微乳化给药系统可以提高吲哚美辛的口服生物利用度.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.