肝门部胆管癌手术方式的正确选择

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis.Due to advances in preoperative imaging and enhanced comprehension of tumor biological behavior,surgical management of hilar cholangiocarc...     

肝门部胆管癌的手术治疗

肝门部胆管癌或称高位胆管癌.是指发生于左右肝管及其汇合部的恶性肿瘤.左右肝管汇合部的恶性肿瘤又称为Klastin瘤,占肝外胆管癌的58%～75%.     

肝门部胆管癌的手术治疗

Despite recent advances in preoperative diagnostic imaging and operative techniques for hilar cholangio-carcinoma, postoperative mid-or long-term survival has not improved. Moreover, it remains difficult to achieve curative resection with a negative resection margin for complicated hilar cholangiocarcinoma of Bismuth type ⅢorⅣ. Although it is questionable whether hepatic artery resection can improve the prognosis, combined vascular resection of the portal vein and hepatic artery for treatment of the tumor extending along the bile duct may be one of the key factors to achieve a negative resection margin. Further investigation is required to determine whether radical resection of the remaining liver parenchyma and limiting the amount of resection as much as possible, as well as the no-touch isolation technique, can improve the prognosis of patients.     

肝门部胆管癌的手术治疗

目的:探讨肝门部胆管癌的各种手术方式.方法:回顾分析21例肝门部胆管癌的手术方式及治疗效果.结果:根治性切除7例(其中合并肝叶切除2例,胰十二指肠切除1例),姑息性切除11例(其中内引流8例,外引流3例),单纯剖腹探查3例.随访14例,随访率达66.7%,根治性切除组存活时间为8~33个月,平均为16个月,现仍存活1例;姑息性手术组存活时间为2.5~20个月,平均8个月;单纯剖腹探查组均在术后3个月内死亡.结论:对肝门部胆管癌应尽量行根治性切除或扩大切除术,对不能切除者应争取行内、外引流术.     

肝门部胆管癌的手术治疗

近年来,肝门部胆管癌的术前影像学诊断和手术技巧有了很大的进步,肿瘤的切除率有了较大的提高.根治性切除被认为是对肝门部胆管癌患者最有效的处理方式并可带来较好的预后.     

肝门部胆管癌的手术治疗

近年来,肝门部胆管癌的术前影像学诊断和手术技巧有了很大的进步,肿瘤的切除率有了较大的提高.根治性切除被认为是对肝门部胆管癌患者最有效的处理方式并可带来较好的预后.     

手术切除治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的 总结肝门部胆管癌手术治疗的经验.方法 回顾性分析本院9年因肝门部胆管癌行手术切除的83例病人的临床资料和随访结果.结果 83例手术切除病人中行根治性切除（R0）31例,非根治切除52例（R1,R2）,术后出现并发症29例,死亡5例.根治性切除组中位生存期21.5个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为79.6%,43.3%和25.9%,明显优于非根治性切除组（P＜0.05），近5年本院根治性切除率达44.8%,中位生存期18.7个月,疗效明显提高（P＜0.05），结论 加强围手术期处理、术中行切缘冰冻病理检查、联合肝切除等可提高肝门部胆管癌根治性切除率、减少并发症和死亡率;根治性切除可更好延长病人生存期,使手术治疗肝门部胆管癌获得良好的疗效.     

肝门部胆管癌的手术治疗

目的 总结肝门部胆管癌的手术治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2011年12月哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院同一医疗组手术治疗的88例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料.所有患者术前经影像学检查确诊,并根据黄疸程度及剩余肝脏体积进行术前辅助治疗,行PTCD 19例、门静脉栓塞4例.基本手术方式为肝门部胆管癌切除+肝十二指肠韧带骨骼化+胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,并常规放置支撑管引流6个月.计数资料采用x2检验,以Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,生存分析采用Log-rank检验.结果 88例手术治疗的患者中,58例(含11例PTCD治疗者)行肝门部胆管癌切除术,其中43例(含4例术前门静脉栓塞者)为R0切除,15例为姑息性切除;30例行内和(或)外引流术.联合肝切除22例(包括左半肝切除9例、扩大左半肝切除2例、左半肝联合尾状叶切除7例、右半肝切除4例),联合胰头十二指肠切除7例,联合肝固有动脉切除3例(重建2例),联合门静脉管壁部分切除2例.按改良Bismuth-Corlette分型,88例患者中Ⅰ型17例、Ⅱ型19例、Ⅲa型21例、Ⅲb型20例、Ⅳ型11例.58例肝门部胆管癌切除术患者中,19例出现各种术后并发症,2例术后30 d内死亡.本组共73例患者获得随访,总体1、3、5年生存率分别为68.5％、28.8％、11.0％.37例R0切除患者、14例姑息性切除患者及22例引流患者1年生存率分别为94.6％、78.6％、18.2％;3年生存率分别为43.2％、35.7％、0;5年生存率分别为18.9％、7.1％、0.R0切除患者生存率高于姑息性切除患者(x2=4.77,P＜0.05);姑息性切除患者生存率高于内和(或)外引流患者(x2=13.26,P＜0.05).结论 手术治疗肝门部胆管癌,应力求R0切除,尽量避免单纯性胆汁引流;术前充分而高效的肝功能恢复与储备能确保手术的疗效.     

肝门部胆管癌

肝门部胆管癌是指位于胆囊管开口以上的肝总管,左、右肝管汇合部和左、右肝管的胆管黏膜上皮癌.由于肝门部特殊的解剖学位置及肝门部胆管癌生物学特性,其极易早期侵犯肝门区血管、神经、淋巴结组织及邻近肝组织,因此,手术难度大,患者预后差.在现代影像学指导下的扩大肝切除术可能给这个凶险的疾病予以希望.但国内外学者就扩大肝切除术存在诸多争议,目前尚无统一的标准.因此,肝门部胆管癌外科治疗亟待规范化,以提高其根治性切除率,减少手术相关并发症发生率和病死率.     

Resection of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Objective: Morbidity and mortality involved in the resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. The clinicopathologic and laboratory parameters that might influence the patient''s survival also were re-evaluated.Summary Background Data: Although much progress has been made in the diagnosis and management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, long-term outlook for most patients remains poor. Surgical resection is usually prohibited because of its local invasiveness, and most patients can only be managed by palliative drainage. Recently, many surgeons have adopted a more aggressive resection with varying degrees of success. Several prognostic factors in bile duct carcinoma have been proposed; however, no reports have specifically focused on resected hilar cholangiocarcinoma and its prognostic survival factors using multivariate analysis.Methods: The clinical records and pathologic slides of 49 cases with resected hilar cholangiocarcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated for their correlation with postoperative morbidity and mortality, whereas 31 variables were evaluated for their significance with postoperative survival. Variables showing statistical significance in the first univariate analysis were included in the following multivariate analysis using stepwise logistic regression test for factors affecting morbidity and mortality and Cox stepwise proportional hazard model for factors influencing survival.Results: There were 5 in-hospital deaths, and the cumulative 5-year survival rate in 44 patients who survived was 14.9%, with a median survival of 14.0 months. Multivariate analysis disclosed that coexistent hepatolithiasis and lower serum asparate aminotransferase levels (90 U/L) had a significant low incidence of postoperative morbidity, whereas a serum albumin of less than 3 g/dL was the only significant factor affecting mortality. Regarding survival, univariate analysis identified eight significant factors: 1) total bilirubin 10 mg/dL, 2) curative resection, 3) histologic type, 4) perineural invasion, 5) liver invasion, 6) depth of cancer invasion, 7) positive proximal resected margin, and 8) positive surgical margin. However, multivariate analysis disclosed total bilirubin ≥ 10 mg/dL, curative resection, and histologic type as the three most significant independent variables.Conclusions: Surgical resection provides the best survival for bilar cholangiocarcinoma. An adequate nutritional support to increase serum albumin over 3g/dL is the most important factor to decrease postoperative mortality. Moreover, preoperative biliary drainage to decrease jaundice and a curative resection with adequate surgical margin are recommended if longer survival is anticipated. Patients with well differentiated adenocarcinoma seem to survive longer compared to those with moderately or poorly differentiated tumors.     

肝门部胆管癌外科治疗的几个问题

肝门部胆管癌是指发生于胆囊管开口以上的肝总管和左右肝管的黏膜上皮癌,亦称为高位胆管癌或Klatskin肿瘤。根治性切除是目前患者获得长期生存的最有效手段。然而,手术复杂、切除率低是长期以来困扰外科界的一大难题。随着近年来肝脏切除尤其是精准肝脏切除技术的出现和提高,越来越多的中心对60%以上的肝门部肿瘤可以达     

Surgical Resection and Prognostic Analysis of 142 Cases of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Surgical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma is the only curative option, but low resectability rate and poor survival outcomes remain a challenge. This study was to assess the surgical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma and analyze the prognostic factors influencing postoperative survival. One hundred forty-two patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection between January 2006 and December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively based on clinicopathological and demographic data. Univariate and multivariate analysis against outcome were employed to identify potential factors affecting prognosis. Ninety-five patients were performed with R0 resection with median survival time of 22 months; whereas, 47 patients underwent non-R0 resection (R1 = 20, R2 = 27) with that of 10 months. Of these 95 patients, 19 underwent concomitant with vascular resection and reconstruction and 2 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. 64.8% patients (n = 92) underwent combined with hepatectomy. The one-year, three-year, and five-year survival rates after R0 resection were 76.3, 27.8, 11.3%, respectively, which was significantly better than that after non-curative resection (P = 0.000). Multivariate analysis revealed that non-curative resection (RR: 2.414, 95% CI 1.586–3.676, P = 0.000), pathological differentiation (P = 0.015) and preoperative serum total bilirubin above 10 mg/dL (RR: 1.844, 95% CI 1.235–2.752, P = 0.003) were independent prognostic factors. Aggressive curative resection remains to be the optimal option for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Non-curative resection, pathological differentiation, and preoperative serum total bilirubin above 10 mg/ dL were associated with dismal prognosis.     

Prognostic Factors After Surgical Resection for Intrahepatic, Hilar, and Distal Cholangiocarcinoma

Background

The prognosis of patients with cholangiocarcinoma is unsatisfactory. Therefore, evaluation of prognostic factors and establishment of new therapeutic strategies are needed to improve their long-term survival. The aim of this study was to identify useful prognostic factors for patients with intrahepatic, hilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma.

Materials and Methods

Records of 127 patients with cholangiocarcinoma (21 with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, 50 with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and 56 with distal cholangiocarcinoma) who underwent surgical resection were reviewed retrospectively. Relationships between survival and clinicopathological factors including patient demographics and tumor characteristics were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

For all 127 patients, overall 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 80, 51, and 40%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy (P = .049), tumor differentiation (P = .014), lymph node metastasis (P < .001), surgical margin status (P < .001), UICC pT factor (P < .001), and UICC stage (P < .001) were associated significantly with survival. UICC pT factor (P = .007), adjuvant chemotherapy (P = .009), surgical margin status (P = .012), and lymph node metastasis (P = .014) remained independently associated with long-term survival by multivariate analysis. The 5-year survival rates of patients with or without positive surgical margins were 13 and 49%, respectively. The 5-year survival rates of patients treated with or without adjuvant chemotherapy were 47 and 36%, respectively.

Conclusions

R0 resection and adjuvant chemotherapy may be mandatory to achieve long-term survival for patients with cholangiocarcinoma.     

肝门部胆管癌的手术治疗

目的探讨肝门部胆管癌2种手术方法的疗效。方法回顾性分析我院1998～2006年期间收治的37例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料。结果37例患者中13例行根治性手术切除,其1年与3年的生存率分别为100%（13/13）和76.92%（10/13）,中位生存期为22.43个月;另24例行姑息性手术（均为肝内胆管内引流术）,其1年与3年生存率分别为54.55%（12/22）和9.09%（2/22）,中位生存期为15.42个月。结论根治性手术是治疗肝门部胆管癌的主要手段;姑息性手术,如合理的肝内胆管内引流能改善患者的生存质量。     

Surgical Resection of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Analysis of Survival and Postoperative Complications

Background Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment for hilar bile duct cancer. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of surgical management of hilar bile duct carcinoma, including radical hepatectomy, at a single institution. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 49 consecutive patients who underwent surgery at our hospital between 1990 and 2003. Results Altogether, 44 of 49 patients underwent radical hepatectomy combined with caudate lobectomy and lymphadenectomy. One and four patients underwent partial hepatectomy or bile duct resection, respectively. No patients underwent preoperative portal vein embolization. The 5-year survival rate was 39.7%, with a median survival time of 3.75 years. The postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 46.8% and 2.0%, respectively. Cox’s proportional hazard model revealed that lymph node status and the residual tumor factor were independent prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative hyperbilirubinemia, postoperative complications, and extended surgical procedures were independently associated with postoperative hyperbilirubinemia. After potentially curative resection, 39.4% of patients suffered from disease recurrence. In 60% of the total cases, the sites of recurrence were distant metastases. Conclusion Surgery, including radical hepatectomy combined with caudate lobectomy and lymph node dissection, is a feasible, effective treatment for hilar bile duct cancer.     

92例肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗分析

目的：探讨肝门部胆管癌的外科手术治疗方法及其疗效。方法：对舞钢市人民医院及郑州大学第一附属医院收治的92例肝门部胆管患者的病历资料及随访结果进行分析。92例患者中手术治疗79例,包括根治性性切除28例、姑息性切除18例、内引流或外引流术33例。另有7例行PTCD置管,6例放弃治疗。结果：手术病死率1.1%,根治性切除率35.4%,根治性切除的患者1、3和5年存活率分别为78.6%、50%和28.6%。姑息性切除的切除率22.8%,姑息性切除的患者1、3和5年存活率分别为55.6%、22.2%和11.1%。根治性切除和姑息性切除两组患者生存期差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。手术切除的生存率则明显高于各种引流术和介入手术,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：根治性手术目前仍是肝门部胆管癌的主要治疗方式,肝门部胆管癌的预后与组织学分化程度、手术治疗方式等多种因素相关。     

Oncological Superiority of Hilar En Bloc Resection for the Treatment of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Purpose

Long-term results after liver resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma are still not satisfactory. Previously, we described a survival advantage of patients who undergo combined right trisectionectomy and portal vein resection, a procedure termed “hilar en bloc resection.” The present study was conducted to analyze its oncological effectiveness compared to conventional hepatectomy.

Patients

During hilar en bloc resection, the extrahepatic bile ducts were resected en bloc with the portal vein bifurcation, the right hepatic artery, and liver segments 1 and 4 to 8. With this “no-touch” technique, preparation of the hilar vessels in the vicinity of the tumor was avoided. The long-term outcome of 50 consecutive patients who underwent curative (R0) hilar en bloc resection between 1990 and 2004 was compared to that of 50 consecutive patients who received curative conventional major hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (perioperative deaths excluded).

Results

The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates after hilar en bloc resection were 87%, 70%, and 58%, respectively, which was significantly higher than after conventional major hepatectomy. In the latter group, 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 79%, 40%, and 29%, respectively (P = 0.021). Tumor characteristics were comparable in both groups. A high number of pT3 and pT4 tumors and patients with positive regional lymph nodes were present in both groups. Multivariate analysis identified hilar en bloc resection as an independent prognostic factor for long-term survival (P = 0.036).

Conclusions

In patients with central bile duct carcinomas, hilar en bloc resection is oncologically superior to conventional major hepatectomy, providing a chance of long-term survival even in advanced tumors.

     

肝门胆管癌切除的处理体会

目的：总结肝门胆管癌手术处理的临床经验与体会。方法：采用肝门上入路法切除Bismuth Ⅲ-Ⅳ型肝门胆管癌。结果：在23例肝门胆管癌中：属I型者1例，Ⅱ型6例，Ⅲ型11例，Ⅳ型5例。行根治性切除者18例（78．26％）。结论：肝门上入路是肝门被肿瘤禁锢时的唯一人肝路径，肝正中裂路径由于没有主要的胆管成功脉通过，出血少，暴露清楚。方叶切除可帮助完成肝门部胆管癌（距肿瘤边缘1．0cm)的切除。     

重视肝门部胆管癌的手术治疗

1965年，Klatskin[1]在《美国医学杂志》上发表了l篇题为“肝门部胆管分叉处腺癌”的文章，其目的在于提醒人们需对该病的独有特点引起重视。随后，人们将肝门分叉处肿瘤称为肝门部胆管癌（hilar cholangiocarcinoma）。该病早期诊断困难，多数患者发现时已处中晚期，手术切除的难度大，术后并发症发生率高，5年生存率低[2]。近20年来，随着影像学和分子生物学技术的进步、外科医疗器械设备的更新和医生手术技术的提高，该病的诊断和治疗取得了很大进步，肿瘤R0切除率逐步提高，术后生存率也有所改善。然而，对于该病的早期诊断和科学规范化治疗，仍然是我们所面临的挑战和难题。