血管闭合器研究进展

血管闭合器是用于经皮穿刺动脉后穿刺点止血的医疗器械,按照其原理主要分为主动血管闭合器和被动血管闭合器。本文针对常用血管闭合器的原理、适用范围及优缺点等进行综述。     

模拟器训练在实施股动脉穿刺点ExoSealTM封堵止血系统操作的多中心对照研究

背景与目的：介入手术已成为血管外科的主要治疗手段,对于手术直接相关的股动脉穿刺点封堵处理是手术操作收尾的一个重要环节。鉴于国内外目前尚缺乏关于封堵止血系统模拟器训练应用效果的高级别证据,本研究旨在评估模拟器训练在实施股动脉穿刺点ExoSealTM封堵止血系统操作的临床应用效果以及在血管介入操作基础教学培训中的应用价值。 方法：采用前瞻性对照设计,选择2020年5月—2020年10月7个中心的8名血管介入医师分别用两种不同方式进行封堵操作培训。4名血管介入医师通过阅读ExoSealTM说明书和观看视频进行培训（对照组）,另4名血管介入医师的培训方式为在前者基础上增加专业人员指导下的模拟器使用（研究组）。培训结束后,在主诊医师监管下,每名医师对接受血管介入手术,并在股总动脉使用6 F鞘管的患者,采用ExoSealTM封堵止血系统对穿刺点进行封堵。两组医师各操作50例患者,比较两组的操作时间、出血量、器械成功率、股动脉栓塞发生率、二次干预率、24 h内发生血肿率。 结果：研究组在ExoSealTM封堵止血系统操作中,所需的操作时间和出血量均少于对照组（24.50 s vs. 30.00 s,P=0.003;8.60 mL vs. 11.22 mL,P=0.019）。研究组的器械成功率（98.0%）高于对照组（96.0%）,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.558）。两组均无动脉栓塞、二次干预和24 h内发生血肿情况。 结论：ExoSealTM封堵止血系统模拟器的训练能够提高股动脉封堵的安全性和有效性。该模拟器的训练应常规用于血管介入操作的基础教学培训中。     

Alternative technique for laparoscopic port-site closure

Abstract 0-polyglactin suture into the abdomen via a puncture through the rectus fascia parallel to the fascia defect under visual guidance. Second, we perform a similar puncture with the tonsil forceps on the opposite side of the fascia defect under direct vision to grasp the suture. This cost-effective maneuver is safe and eliminates the need for ancillary port-site closure devices.     

Surgical device closure a new technique of ASD closure

Background Conventional approach of atrial septal defect (ASD) closure with cardio pulmonary bypass using mid sternotomy, minimally invasive or endoscopic technique is time tested. We decided to use custom made device with direct minimally invasive approach without cardio pulmonary bypass. Percutaneous transfemoral route using custom made device is a well established procedure performed by interventional cardiologist with occasional trauma and vessels. Method We performed the procedure in 3 patients of secundum ASD deemed adequate for device closure. We used a mini Right anterior thoracotomy approach using a double umbrella device which was implanted through direct Right Atrial puncture. Results In two patients we were successful in deploying the device. The proedure lasted 30 minutes with small infra Mammary scar and the post operative period was uneventful. In the third case where our attempt at surgical device closure failed the inferior margin was only one mm. The optimal size device kept slipping into the right atrium when the guide-wire was tugged after final deployment. The placement of an oversize device distorted the mitral valve, may causing regurgitation. Conclusion We think that this is a simple and safe technique of secundum ASD closure without cardio pulmonary bypass.     

Subcuticular skin closure using a 'blunt' needle.

Recognising the desirability of avoiding the use of sharp needles, especially for wound closure, this study was undertaken to determine whether it was technically feasible to perform a subcuticular skin closure with a ''blunt'' Ethiguard needle (Ethicon Ltd). A total of 108 skin incisions was closed in 40 patients. In each case it was found that the needle successfully penetrated the subcuticular layers allowing the use of a standard subcuticular closure technique with the advantage of reduced risk of skin or glove puncture.     

Acute claudication caused by Angio-Seal closure devices: a report of four cases

Femoral artery closure devices are increasingly used after percutaneous arterial interventions to obtain hemostasis at the puncture site. Their efficacy and advantages in patient comfort are established. Nevertheless they can cause their own specific complications. In a five month's period we had to treat four patients with sudden onset invalidating claudication after the use of an Angio-Seal closure device. Malpositioning of the device led to the ischemic complications. We describe and illustrate the pre- and peroperative findings and the treatment. Interventionalists should monitor and register ischemic complications following the use of puncture site closure devices in order to try and minimize these. The occurrence of few serious complications can outweigh the relative small benefits these devices offer.     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后血管缝合器 应用的方法学探讨

目的探讨缝合器止血的合理使用方法，提高操作成功率。方法使用美国ABOTT公司生产的percloser血管缝合器，对80例冠脉介入治疗后患者血管穿刺部位进行缝合止血，观察股动脉不同穿刺部位、多次介入治疗的股动脉以及股动脉造影的投照角度选择对缝合效果的影响。结果80例患者中76例缝合成功，成功率97．37％，2例失败，2例放弃缝合术。两种造影角度中，选择后前位法造影血管分支重叠64例(重叠率80％)，右前斜30。投照角度血管重叠8例(重叠率10％)。腹股沟上位点穿刺法50例，成功缝合49例，1例失败；腹股沟下位点缝合法30例，成功缝合27例，1例失败，2例放弃缝合术。结论应用percloser缝合器止血是一种安全有效的方法。观察穿刺部位的血管解剖关系时，右前斜30。可作为常规投照角度，穿刺点可优先选择腹股沟韧带上穿刺位点，其次选择腹股沟韧带下穿刺位点，对多次进行过介入治疗的股动脉不宜在重复部位行缝合治疗。     

Femoral artery occlusion with a percutaneous arterial closure device after a routine coronary angiogram: a case report and literature review

Groin vessels are most commonly used to obtain vascular access for angiography because of their size and accessibility. Haemostasis at the puncture site can be achieved with manual compression alone or by using a vascular closure device. We highlight the case of a 68-year-old woman who developed acute claudication in the right leg after a routine diagnostic coronary angiogram when an Angio-Seal(?) device had been employed to close a relatively low arterial puncture. On exploring the common femoral artery, fragments of the device were found occluding the bifurcation. A patch angioplasty was carried out and the patient's claudicant symptoms improved. The Angio-Seal(?) device has a polylactide and polyglycolide polymer anchor, a collagen plug and a suture contained within a carrier system. Haemostasis is achieved by compressing the arterial puncture site between the anchor and the collagen plug. The manufacturer's recommended criterion for using the device safely permits its use only for common femoral artery punctures with an internal vessel diameter of 4mm. Anatomical confirmation of the puncture site and evidence of any arterial disease or stenosis in the artery is detected on fluoroscopy during the procedure. Recent meta-analyses have cast doubt on the assumption that vascular closure devices are superior to mechanical compression alone and serious complications do occur occasionally but are under-reported. Clinicians should be aware of the potentially serious problems that may occur when deciding to employ vascular closure devices, especially with an anatomically low puncture site.     

Novel stapler-assisted technique for closure of persistent tracheoesophageal puncture fistula

Tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) is a reliable method to restore voice and is an important part of voice rehabilitation following laryngectomy. However, complications following this procedure, including peri-prosthetic leakage and resulting aspiration pneumonia, may necessitate surgical closure. In this study, we present an effective and reliable method for TEP closure using a stapler-assisted technique. Case series study for patients who underwent stapler-assisted TEP closure reviewed from 2017 to 2021. All five patients had successful closure of their TEP tract without further leakage. No postoperative bleeding, wound infection, or esophageal stenosis occurred. One patient had postoperative stomal stenosis. The stapler-assisted technique for TEP closure is easy, quick, and effective. The reliability and quick return to oral intake post-operatively make it a preferable option over previous techniques.     

The use of sterile adhesive tape in the closure of arthroscopic puncture wounds: a comparison with a single layer nylon closure.

A prospective trial was undertaken comparing the wound healing and infection rates in arthroscopic arthrotomy wounds closed by sterile adhesive tapes on interrupted Nylon skin sutures. Two hundred and thirty consecutive arthroscopic procedures had arthrotomy wounds closed by a single layer skin closure of either interrupted Nylon (n = 62) or sterile adhesive tapes (n = 168). All wounds healed by primary intention. Only one wound developed a superficial infection around a Nylon suture and no patient developed a synovial herniation. It is concluded that closure of arthroscopic puncture wounds with sterile adhesive tape is effective and convenient for wound management.     

The use of closure devices

The use of arterial closure devices offers significant benefits over manual compression in achieving groin hemostasis following catheter-based procedures. Several currently available devices provide rapid puncture site closure with complication rates similar to that of manual compression. Closure devices allow for early times to ambulation and hospital discharge, and have a high degree of patient satisfaction. Their use may be of particular benefit inpatients that are anticoagulated. We believe that their use should be strongly considered in all patients following femoral artery catheterization.     

Port closure techniques

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic trocars do create wounds. This article aims to review and list different techniques used for closure of the fascia incision at trocar sites. METHODS: A literature search was performed for articles dealing with closure techniques. The author searched this subject in English on Medline by combining the words "trocar" and "hernia," as well as "Deschamps" and "Reverdin." All articles reporting techniques with their references were reviewed. RESULTS: The articles described many techniques in addition to classical closure using curved needles, including Grice needle, Maciol needles, Endoclose device, Carter-Thomason device, Tahoe ligature device, Endo-Judge device, eXit puncture closure device, Lowsley retractor, spinal cord needles, dual hemostat, suture carrier, Riverdin and Deschamps needles, and Gore-Tex closure device. CONCLUSION: Three main groups of techniques were found with favor of extracorporeal manipulations under direct visualization. Old methods are sufficient and cost-effective.     

激光闭合在小腿交通支静脉功能不全治疗中的临床应用

目的评价经皮穿刺激光腔内闭合小腿交通支静脉治疗下肢大隐静脉曲张合并交通支静脉功能不全的临床疗效。方法全组36例(42条肢体)下肢大隐静脉曲张伴交通支静脉功能不全患者均行大隐静脉全程加下肢浅表曲张静脉穿刺激光烧灼闭合,同时在超声引导下经皮穿刺激光腔内闭合有病变交通支静脉。结果全组42条肢体术前检查有82支病变交通支静脉,术后随访1～18个月内彩超检查证实82支交通支静脉闭合。C6级的10条小腿溃疡肢体,于术后2～8周全部愈合。结论经皮穿刺激光腔内闭合小腿交通支静脉,是治疗下肢大隐静脉曲张合并交通支静脉病变可行的微创治疗方法,安全、有效、创伤小,对于合并有小腿溃疡的患者尤为适宜。     

The use of the Angioseal device for femoral artery closure

BACKGROUND: As vascular surgeons perform increasing numbers of percutaneous catheter-based procedures, they will need to become familiar with varying methods of femoral artery closure. Few studies on closure devices have included significant numbers of patients with peripheral arterial disease. It is the purpose of this study to determine whether the Angioseal device (St. Jude Medical) is a satisfactory method of achieving femoral artery puncture site hemostasis in these patients. METHODS: The records of all patients undergoing Angioseal closure of femoral artery puncture by a single vascular surgeon were reviewed. Indication, type of intervention, and size of the vascular sheath employed were recorded. Times to mobilization and discharge were determined. Patients were seen before discharge and 1, 4, and 12 weeks after the procedure, and at 3- month intervals thereafter. Complications including hemorrhage, pseudoaneurysm, infection, and vessel occlusion were noted. RESULTS: Between February 1, 2002, and August 31, 2003, 220 Angioseal collagen plugs were deployed in 188 patients. Attempts were made to deploy Angioseal devices in 92% of patients undergoing percutaneous procedures during this time period. One hundred forty-four procedures were diagnostic and 74 procedures included 76 therapeutic interventions. One hundred forty-four 5F sheaths, 47 6F sheaths, and 29 7F sheaths were employed during the procedures. Time to mobilization and discharge was 58 +/- 19 minutes and 102 +/- 31 minutes in patients undergoing diagnostic studies, 68 +/- 22 minutes and 146 +/- 42 minutes following interventions using 6F sheaths, and 127 +/- 18 minutes and 219 +/- 37 minutes when interventions were performed using 7F sheaths. No patient developed a major hematoma or infection following the use of an Angioseal. There were 2 complications related to device deployment. One patient developed a 1.4-cm false aneurysm at the femoral artery puncture site that resolved spontaneously. A second patient required operation for vessel occlusion when an Angioseal was deployed in a markedly diseased femoral artery. These adverse events occurred early in our experience. CONCLUSIONS: The Angioseal provides a secure method of achieving hemostasis following femoral artery puncture. It is easy to deploy, has a high level of patient satisfaction, and allows for early ambulation and hospital discharge. When simple guidelines are observed, the device can be safely used in the great majority of patients with peripheral vascular disease. It offers considerable advantages over the traditional method of manual compression.     

自制穿刺针微型腹腔镜小儿腹股沟斜疝疝囊高位结扎术

目的:探讨自制穿刺针行微型腹腔镜小儿腹股沟斜疝疝囊高位结扎术的手术效果。方法:应用注射针头代替腹壁穿刺针行微型腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术30例,其中单侧25例,双侧5例。结果:30例手术均获成功,平均住院3d,术后出现脐部切口疝1例,随访4～30个月无复发。结论:自制穿刺针微型腹腔镜小儿疝囊高位结扎术安全可靠,经济实用,操作简单,疗效满意。     

Tracheoesophageal puncture site closure with sternocleidomastoid musculocutaneous transposition flap

Introduction:Tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis is highly effective in providing speech after total laryngectomy. Although it is a safe method, in certain cases dilatation or leakage occurs around the prosthesis that needs closure of tracheoesophageal fistula. Both non-surgical and surgical methods for closure have been described. Surgical methods are used when non-surgical methods fail. We present the use of the sternocleidomastoid musculocutaneous (SCMMC) transposition flap for the closure of tracheoesophageal fistula.Results:This study was done prospectively over a period of 1 year from June 2012 to May 2013. This technique was used in patients with pliable neck skin. In nine patients, this procedure was done (inferior based flap in nine cases) and it was successful in eight patients. In one case, there was dehiscence at the leading edge of flap with oesophageal dehiscence, which required a second procedure. In two cases, there was marginal necrosis of flap, which healed without any intervention. Nine patients in this series were post-radiation.Conclusion:This method of closure is simple and effective for patients with pliable neck skin, who require permanent closure of the tracheoesophageal fistula.KEY WORDS: Sternocleidomastoid musculocutaneous flap, tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) closure, flap for Tracheoesophageal puncture site     

Complications associated with the arterial puncture closure device--Angio-Seal

BACKGROUND: Arterial puncture closure devices (APCD) are frequently used after cardiac catheterization. Here, the diagnosis and therapy of femoral artery complications after the use of the Angio-Seal APCD is reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Angio-Seal APCD was deployed in 1600 patients undergoing transfemoral catheterization. RESULTS: In 7 of 1600 cases (0.4%) vascular complications occurred following Angio-Seal deployment. Diagnosis was made by duplex sonography. Intraoperative findings consisted of a complete occlusion with dissection of the femoral artery in all patients. In 6 cases, the femoral bifurcation had to be reconstructed after endarterectomy. Follow-up is complete with a mean of 6 months. CONCLUSION: The Angio-Seal device should not be used for closure of the superficial femoral artery and in patients with severe arteriosclerosis. The application of arteriography as well as the use of ultrasound-guided puncture is advisable. In all cases, surgical intervention was successful and an adequate therapy for management of complications.     

New closure technique for lateral operative laparoscopic trocar sites

The reported frequency of incisional hernias, after operative gynecological laparoscopy, at extraumbilical trocar sites is one per 32 puncture sites created by a 12-mm trocar. A new closure technique of suturing with the Grice Needle (Ideas for Medicine, Inc., Clearwater, FL) before removing the trocars was utilized to close 80 lateral trocar sites (42 consecutive laparoscopic myomectomies). The trocar sizes in this study were 12 mm and 18 mm. This is the largest reported series of lateral trocar-site closures. No hematomas or bleeding or incisional hernias have resulted from use of this technique. This closure allows the surgeon to completely close both peritoneum and fascia, of the lateral trocar sites, under direct laparoscopic visualization without the loss of pneumoperitoneum or risk of inadvertent injury to the small bowel.     

Infection is an unusual but serious complication of a femoral artery catheterization site closure device

Percutaneous devices have been developed to close the femoral artery puncture site after catheterization. Because direct compression is not needed, the devices save time for the treating health-care provider, reduce patient discomfort, and obviate the need for post-catheterization bed rest. Reported complications with use of these devices are similar in nature and frequency to those accompanying direct compression. Complications of infection requiring surgical treatment are exceedingly rare with use of these devices. We describe a series of five catheterization site infections occurring among 1807 patients (0.3%) whose femoral artery puncture was closed with a percutaneous suture closure device. All patients required operative intervention and there was one late death. Physicians should be aware of this uncommon but serious complication to expedite evaluation and treatment of patients with suspected infections from these devices.     

Hermetic closure of liplike fistulas during laparoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy]

The author has elaborated the method of additional hermetical closing of labioid fistulas of the stomach and jejunum on the basis of creation of a fibrous ring in edges of an exterior fistular orifice. In case of impaired hermeticity this ring allows permanent bearing of a cannula and hermetic closure of the fistula again. Doubling of the methods of hermetical closure of fistulas provided an opportunity to facilitate the technic of their creation up to a simple bringing out of the visceral wall into the abdominal wall puncture. Thus, 26 fistulas were established in laparotomy, and 60 operations were performed without a wide exposure of the abdominal cavity, using laparoscopy.