以毛细血管内皮细胞弥漫增生为主要表现的IgA肾病的临床病理特点及其预后

目的 探讨以毛细血管内皮细胞弥漫性增生为主要表现的IgA肾病（EPIgAN）的临床、病理特点和预后。方法 分析北京大学第一医院近15年来IgA肾病（IgAN）的临床和病理资料，比较EPIgAN与非EPIgAN临床病理特点和肾脏存活率；分析EPIgAN预后及其影响因素；观察激素治疗对EPIgAN预后的影响。结果 920例IgAN中符合EPIgAN47例，占5．1％：EPIgAN与非EPIgAN相比，肾穿时尿蛋白升高、高血压和水肿多见，细胞新月体明显，而肾小球硬化和肾间质纤维化则较轻；对所有研究对象进行随访，其中36例EPIgAN患者完成随访，平均随访62个月。100例非EPIgAN患者完成随访，平均随访时间64个月。两组共7例到达随访终点。Kaplan—Meier分析两组自然预后差异无显著性（Log Rank，P=0．52）；Cox回归分析内皮弥漫增生不是影响IgAN预后的危险因素（P=0．27）；激素治疗能降低EPIgAN尿蛋白，但随访期内肾脏存活率与对照组差异无显著性。结论 EPIgAN肾穿时临床表现重、组织活动性病变多而慢性化指标少，内皮弥漫增生不是影响IgAN预后的危险因素。     

高尿酸血症对IgA肾病临床病理特征和疾病进展的影响

目的分析IgA肾病(IgA nephropathy, IgAN)伴高尿酸血症的临床和病理特征,并探讨高尿酸血症对IgAN进展的影响。方法以2006年1月至2016年12月福建医科大学附属第一医院行肾组织活检确诊为IgAN的患者为研究对象,根据血尿酸水平分为高尿酸血症组和尿酸正常组,比较分析两组患者临床和病理特征。以血肌酐倍增或进入终末期肾病(ESRD)或进入肾脏替代治疗为观察终点,用Kaplan-Meier法比较两组患者的肾脏生存率,并用逐步Cox回归模型分析影响IgAN进展的危险因素。结果进入终点事件或未进入观察终点但随访时间2年的231例IgAN患者纳入研究,其中伴高尿酸血症组92例(39.8%),血尿酸正常组139例(60.2%)。两组在性别、血压、血肌酐、血尿素氮、24 h尿蛋白、估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、病理分级、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。29例进入终点事件,单因素COX回归分析显示肾小球硬化、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化、24h尿蛋白定量、高尿酸血症、贫血、高血压病、血肌酐、血尿素氮在进展组与非进展组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Kaplan-Meier生存曲线提示,IgAN伴高尿酸血症组肾脏存活率较低。逐步校正的多因素COX回归分析显示贫血、24 h尿蛋白、肾小球硬化、血肌酐是IgAN进展的独立危险因素。结论伴高尿酸血症的IgAN患者临床表现和肾脏病理损害更重,肾小管萎缩/肾间质纤维化程度更高,肾脏存活率更低。     

肾移植术后IgA肾病复发

IgA肾病(IgAN)是最常见的原发性肾小球疾病。肾移植术后IgAN复发率从4.5%~70.5%不等,其复发的危险因素包括供肾IgA沉积、亲属供者、受者年龄较小、原发病病程短、蛋白尿多、具有IgAN代表性的发病基因、术后过早停用激素、与供者HLA错配位点多等。随着近年来研究深入,人们认识到IgAN复发是影响移植肾长期存活的重要因素,新月体形成、肾小球硬化、间质纤维化、肾小球系膜区弥漫增生伴节段硬化或新月体形成等病理改变都是影响其预后的重要因素。复发性IgAN的治疗仍采用原发性IgAN的治疗方案,效果不佳者可给予大剂量激素和环磷酰胺治疗,但目前仍然需要研究新的治疗方法来进一步提高其移植肾的存活率。     

影响IgA肾病预后的危险因素分析

目的通过分析IgA肾病患者的临床资料及病理特征,探讨影响IgA肾病患者长期肾存活率的危险因素。方法分析724例肾活检确诊为IgA肾病患者肾活检时的临床资料及病理特征。对所有患者进行随访,每3~6个月检测尿蛋白、血肌酐(Scr)等指标,以Scr值比基础值升高1倍以上为观察终点。随访时间>6个月者才纳入成功随访病例。用非参数乘积限估计法(Kaplan-Meier法)分析生存率,用Cox回归模型分析影响预后的危险因素。结果共有317例IgA肾病患者成功随访,肾活检后平均随访时间为(43·5±32·2)个月。有39例(12·3%)患者进入随访终点,其1、3、5、10年肾存活率分别为99·5%、93·1%、84·5%和60·1%。Cox比例风险模型单因素分析发现病程长、肾活检时血Scr>115μmol/L、尿蛋白>1·0g/24h、高血压、Lee氏分级Ⅳ级或Ⅳ级以上、中重度肾小球硬化、新月体形成、中重度肾间质纤维化和肾小血管损害是影响IgA肾病预后的危险因素;多因素分析结果显示,蛋白尿、血Scr水平、肾小球硬化、新月体形成、肾间质纤维化是影响IgA肾病预后的独立危险因素。结论蛋白尿、肾功能不全、肾小球硬化、新月体形成和肾间质纤维化是影响IgA肾病预后的独立危险因素。     

老年IgA肾病患者的临床病理特点和长期预后的相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨老年IgA肾病(IgAN)患者的临床病理特点、长期预后及其相关危险因素. 方法:选取2003年1月至2012年12月在南京军区南京总医院肾脏科经肾活检确诊为IgAN且年龄≥65岁的患者82例,随机选取同期经肾活检确诊为IgAN且年龄在18～64岁的患者328例作为对照组,回顾性分析这些患者的临床及随访资料. 结果:老年IgAN患者与对照组相比,肾活检时平均动脉压(MAP) (P=0.001)、24h尿蛋白定量(P=0.011)、血清肌酐(P＜0.001)、估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)(P＜0.001)、血尿酸(P=0.012)、总胆固醇水平(P＜0.001)均存在统计学差异.老年IgAN肾小球硬化比例(P=0.001)及肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化(P=0.009)、肾小球节段硬化(P＜0.001)和动脉硬化(P＜0.001)等慢性化病变的发生率均明显高于对照组.老年IgAN患者3年和8年累计肾脏存活率分别为(89.6％和37.7％,P=0.000 2),显著低于对照组(96.5％和79.4％,P=0.000 2).多因素COX回归分析结果表明,肾活检时蛋白尿(HR 1.847;P=0.011)、eGFR(HR 1.080;P=0.006)水平及存在肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化(HR 5.850; P=0.007)是老年IgAN患者肾脏预后的独立危险因素. 结论:本研究表明,老年IgAN患者高血压、血清肌酐升高及肾病范围蛋白尿的发生率均高于同期行肾活检的非老年IgAN患者,肾脏组织的慢性化病变突出.肾活检时蛋白尿、eGFR水平及存在肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化是影响老年IgAN患者预后的独立危险因素.     

1126例中国汉族成人IgA肾病患者的长期预后及危险因素分析

目的:阐明我国汉族成人IgA肾病(IgA nephropathy,IgAN)患者的长期预后及其相关危险因素,并明确IgAN患者尿蛋白的控制目标值。方法:利用南京军区南京总医院全军肾脏病研究所IgAN随访登记数据库,分析1989年～2005年期间经肾活检确诊IgAN患者的随访资料。利用Kaplan-Meier法计算患者的累计肾脏生存率,并利用COX回归模型分析相关危险因素。结果:共1126例患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为5.5年,88例患者(7.8%)在随访期间进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD),144例患者在随访中发生终点事件(eGFR下降50%或进入ESRD)。患者肾活检后10年、15年、20年累积肾脏生存率分别为:85%、74%、67%。多因素COX回归分析结果表明,肾活检时尿蛋白定量>1.0g/d(HR3.3,P<0.001)、血压>140/90mmHg(HR2.0,P<0.001)、eGFR<60ml/min·1.73m2(HR2.2,P<0.001)、以及高尿酸血症(血尿酸>420μmol/L,HR1.8,P=0.002)是肾脏预后的独立危险因素。随访中患者尿蛋白、血压及镜下血尿程度也与其肾脏长期预后独立相关,其中以随访中平均尿蛋白定量(time-average proteinuria,TA-P)最为重要。TA-P预测患者进入终点事件的ROC曲线下面积高达0.9,最佳截点约为1.0g/d(敏感性81%,特异性85%)。校正其他影响因素后,TA-P>1.0g/d者进入终点事件的风险较<1.0g/d者增加9.8倍(P<0.001),较<0.5g/d者增加67.7倍(P<0.001),而且TA-P介于0.5～1.0g/d者进入终点事件的风险仍较<0.5g/d者增加13.1倍(P<0.001)。结论:本研究结果表明我国成人IgAN患者10年、20年肾脏累计生存率分别为85%、67%。尿蛋白、肾功能受损程度、血压状态、高尿酸血症是患者进展至ESRD的独立危险因素。随访过程中蛋白尿持续不缓解是患者进入ESRD最主要的危险因素。中国成人IgAN患者的尿蛋白基本控制目标值为<1.0g/d,理想控制目标值为<0.5g/d。     

IgA肾病预后不良因素与肾血管病变相关性分析

目的：探讨IgA肾病（IgAN）肾血管病变的危险因素。方法选择宁夏人民医院肾脏内科2010年10月至2013年7月经肾活检确诊的原发性IgAN患者100例,并将其分为肾血管病变组和无肾血管病变组,进行对照研究,比较肾血管病变与各项临床指标、病理改变之间的关系。结果100例IgAN患者中有肾血管病变者70例（70%）,无肾血管病变者30例（30%）。单因素分析结果表明,肾血管病变组24h尿蛋白、血尿酸、血肌酐均高于无肾血管病变组（P＜0.05）,血清白蛋白低于无肾血管病变组（P＜0.05）;病理学检查显示肾小球硬化、肾间质纤维化、新月体形成、炎性细胞浸润、肾小管萎缩严重病理表现发生率,肾血管病变组明显高于无肾血管病变组（P＜0.05）。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果表明,高血压（OR＝7.728,95%CI 1.708～34.964）、24h尿蛋白定量（OR＝20.022,95%CI 3.869～103.623）、肾小球硬化（OR＝12.093,95%CI 2.431～60.149）、肾间质纤维化（OR＝8.511,95%CI 1.332～54.396）是IgAN肾血管病变加重的危险因素。结论 IgAN预后不良因素为高血压、24h尿蛋白定量、肾小球硬化、肾间质纤维化,上述指标与IgAN肾血管病变密切相关,进一步证实了肾血管病变可作为判断预后的一项重要病理指标。     

肾病综合征合并肉眼血尿42例临床病理分析

目的 了解原发性肾病综合征合并肉眼血尿临床和病理特点,以指导临床实践.方法 对本院自2002年至今收治的42例原发性肾病综合征合并肉眼血尿患者的临床及病理特点进行回顾性分析.结果 肾穿病理结果显示,IgA肾病29例,局灶节段性肾小球硬化症2例,系膜增生性肾小球病变7例,毛细血管内皮细胞增生性肾小球肾炎1例.除2例特殊患者外,其余患者均应用足量激素治疗,如有新月体存在则行激素冲击治疗,其中34例根据病例特点应用不同种类免疫抑制剂,预后良好.结论 原发性肾病综合征合并肉眼血尿以男性儿童为主,肉眼血尿持续时间一般较短,肾穿病理以IgA肾病为主,多数存在内皮细胞增生及新月体,需用足量激素,应根据病例特点应用免疫抑制剂治疗,预后良好.     

表现为肾病综合征的IgA肾病病理特征及其与预后的关系

目的探讨表现为肾病综合征(肾综)的IgA肾病病理特性及其与预后关系。方法分析1987~2002年中山大学附属第一医院肾内科确诊的IgA肾病723例,表现为肾综的IgA肾病的临床、病理特征及疗效,与非肾综IgA肾病进行比较并长期随访。结果7.1%(51/723)IgA肾病表现为肾综。肾综组高血压和肾功能不全发生率显著高于非肾综组(35.3%对13.8%和47.1%对19.2%,P<0.05);而肾小球指数和新月体指数均显著高于非肾综组(P<0.05)。IgA肾综组存活率显著低于无肾综组(P<0.01),1、3、5年肾存活率分别为100.0%、84.9%、68.6%和100.0%、95.9%、91.9%(P<0.05)。64%(7/11)Lee氏Ⅰ~Ⅱ级的肾综对激素敏感。结论呈肾综的IgA肾病病理损害较重,预后差,但有少数病理病变轻微,可能对激素敏感。     

原发性慢性肾小球肾炎彩色多普勒成像特点与肾穿病理分型结果对比分析

目的探讨原发性慢性小球肾炎(CGN)多普勒成像(CDFI)特征与肾穿病理分型的关系。方法回顾性分析212例原发性慢性肾炎患者彩色多普勒成像特征与肾穿病理结果。结果 212例原发性慢性肾炎患者中,彩色多普勒检查未见异常者59例,肾穿病理分型为微小病变性肾炎41例,IgA肾病8例,系膜增生性。肾炎4例,膜性肾病3例,多种病理分型同时存在者3例;彩色多普勒诊断为双肾实质损害者98例,肾穿病理分型为IgA肾病41例,膜性肾病14例,系膜增生性肾小球肾炎12例,多种病理分型同时存在者31例;彩色多普勒诊断为双肾慢性损害或伴萎缩者55例,病理分型均为硬化性肾炎。结论观察肾脏的二维图像及CDFI情况,有助于对慢性肾炎的肾穿病理分型进行间接判断,从而判断预后情况。     

Interaction between ACE and ADD1 gene polymorphisms in the progression of IgA nephropathy in Japanese patients

An interaction effect between the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) and alpha-adducin (ADD1) Gly460Trp polymorphisms (G460W) on blood pressure regulation has recently been suggested, although its significance in the prognosis of renal function in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has not been fully investigated. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical manifestations and renal prognosis in 276 Japanese patients with histologically proven IgAN with respect to their ACE I/D and ADD1 G460W polymorphisms. The prognosis of renal function was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression models. Baseline data, including blood pressures, proteinuria, renal function, and incidence of hypertension, were similar for the different genotypes of ACE and ADD1. The individual genotypes taken alone were not associated with the progression of renal dysfunction. However, renal survival of patients with the 460WW polymorphism of ADD1 was significantly worse within the group with the II genotype of ACE (Kaplan-Meier, log rank test; chi2=6.062, P=0.0138) but not for those with other ACE genotypes. In the Cox proportional-hazards regression model with adjustment for clinical risk factors, including hypertension, proteinuria, and no administration of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, the 460WW variant of ADD1 was a highly significant and independent risk factor only for patients with the ACE II genotype, with a hazard ratio of 3.65 (P=0.0016), but not for those with other ACE genotypes (hazard ratio=0.65, P=0.2902). These findings suggest an interaction between ACE and ADD1 polymorphisms not only on blood pressure regulation but also on the progression of renal dysfunction in patients with IgAN.     

蛋白尿在IgA肾病小管间质损害中的意义

目的探讨蛋白尿对IgA肾病（IgAN）小管间质病理变化的影响.方法对68例IgA肾病患者临床病理资料进行回顾性分析.根据24小时尿蛋白排泄量将68例患者分为A组（21例,＜1 g/24 h）、B组（33例,1.0～3.0 g/24 h）和C组（14例,＞3.0 g/24 h）.小管间质病理损害按Katafuchi R的半定量标准评分.结果蛋白尿程度增加,肾小管间质病理损害明显,组间比较有显著性差异（P＜0.05）.蛋白尿程度与尿视黄醇结合蛋白含量及血清C反应蛋白水平呈显著正相关（r=015302,P＜0102）.结论蛋白尿可能通过促进小管间质的免疫炎症反应,加重小管间质的损伤,是IgA肾病慢性进展的重要影响因子之一.对IgA肾病蛋白尿进行早期干预治疗有重要临床意义.     

Pathologic Predictors of Renal Outcome and Therapeutic Efficacy in IgA Nephropathy: Validation of the Oxford Classification

Summary

Background and objectives

The Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) may aid in predicting prognosis and providing therapeutic strategy but must be validated in different ancestry.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A total of 410 patients with IgAN, enrolled from one of the largest renal centers in China, were evaluated for the predictive value of the Oxford classification to prognosis defined as end stage renal disease. A total of 294 of these patients were prospectively treated with renin-angiotensin system blockade and immunosuppressants sequentially and were evaluated separately to assess the predictive value to therapeutic efficacy (defined as time-averaged proteinuria <1 g/d). Three pathologists reviewed specimens independently according to the Oxford classification and were blinded to clinical data.

Results

Segmental glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis were independent predictive factors of end stage renal disease. Patients who had >25% of glomeruli with endocapillary hypercellularity showed higher proteinuria, lower estimated GFR, and higher mean BP than patients with less endocapillary hypercellularity. Immunosuppressive therapy showed a protective effect to prognosis of endocapillary hypercellularity in patients with endoncapillary hypercellularity could benefit from immunosuppressive therapy. Mesangial hypercellularity and tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis were independent factors of inefficiency of renin-angiotensin system blockade alone. Crescents were not significant in predicting prognosis or in therapeutic efficacy.

Conclusions

The Oxford classification may aid in predicting prognosis and providing a therapeutic strategy in Chinese patients with IgAN.     

Heterogeneity of prognosis in adult IgA nephropathy, especially with mild proteinuria or mild histological features

OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to clarify the clinical course and prognosis of adult patients with primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN), especially with mild proteinuria or mild histological alternations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A population of 735 IgAN patients whom we were able to observe for more than two years was examined. RESULTS: A total of 115 patients (15.6%) was on dialysis during the observation period. The overall 5-year renal survival rate was 92.0%. On the other hand, 166 patients (22.6%) were in clinical remission. A group with mild proteinuria included 197 patients (26.8%). Forty-seven patients of this group showed minor glomerular abnormalities, whereas 12 patients with mild proteinuria showed severe mesangial involvement. Three patients with mild proteinuria were on dialysis during the observation period, whose proteinuria was increased during the clinical course. A group with minor glomerular abnormalities included 82 patients (11.2%). Forty-seven patients of this group showed mild proteinuria, of whom 12 patients showed moderate proteinuria. However, three patients with minor glomerular abnormalities who were not on dialysis showed loss of renal function. CONCLUSION: These results indicated the heterogeneity of the course and prognosis in IgAN. Even if a patient's initial clinical or histological findings are comparatively mild, strict follow-up management is needed.     

Relationship between serum IgA/C3 ratio and progression of IgA nephropathy

OBJECTIVE: The serum IgA/C3 ratio might be considered to serve as a diagnostic marker for patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), but its value as a marker of the severity of histological lesions or prognosis is unknown. METHODS: We studied the serum IgA/C3 ratio, using standardized reference material, in 86 patients with IgAN and in 32 with non-IgAN. The patients with IgAN were divided according to the severity of histological lesions (mild IgAN, n=29 and severe IgAN, n=57) based on Japanese clinical guidelines. RESULTS: The serum IgA level was significantly higher, while its C3 level was lower in patients with severe IgAN compared to those with non-IgAN. However, these levels were not different between patients with mild IgAN and non-IgAN. In contrast, the serum IgA/C3 ratio obviously differed among the three groups (2.47+/-0.96 vs. 3.63+/-1.44 vs. 4.72+/-1.86; p<0.01, ANOVA). Kaplan-Meier analysis of the patients with IgAN classified according to the mean serum IgA/C3 ratio revealed that the group with high serum IgA/C3 (4.5 and above) had a significantly poorer renal outcome (p<0.05, log-rank test), since the cumulative renal survival rate at 5 years was 84.4% vs. 100%. The ratio (%) of patients with severe IgAN in whom hematuria disappeared, was significantly higher in the low, than in the high serum IgA/C3 group (41.9% vs. 15.4%; p<0.05, t-test). CONCLUSION: The serum IgA/C3 ratio appears to reflect the histological severity of IgAN and could serve as a marker of the progression of IgAN.     

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂对IgA肾病的疗效及影响因素分析

目的 观察血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）对IgA肾病（IgAN）的疗效及其影响因素。方法 131例IgAN患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组应用ACEI（苯那普利10mg/d)治疗;对照组为非ACEI治疗组;对肾脏病理改变进行Lee氏分级并对各种病变进行半定量分析。结果 治疗组的显效率和总有效率均明显高于对照组（P均＜0.05),治疗1个月后治疗组尿蛋白即有显著下降,3个月时较1个月时仍有明显下降（P＜0.05),6、18个月与3个月时相比差异无显著性;血肌酐和肌酐清除率治疗前后比较无明显变化;对照组尿蛋白1个月时有升高趋势,3个月后较治疗前升高且有显著性（P均＜0.05）;肌酐清除率1个月时略有下降,3个月后与治疗前比较有显著下降（P均＜0.01)。单因素分析显示高血压、肾功能不全、Lee氏Ⅴ级、间质病变Ⅳ级、重度血管病变及肾小球硬化超过75％的患者,应用ACEI的疗效不如无高血压、肾功能正常、Lee氏Ⅰ-Ⅱ级、间质病变Ⅰ级、轻度血管病变和肾小球硬化小于25％的患者。多因素分析显示疗效与系膜增生程度呈正相关,与病程、肾小球硬化率及肾小动脉病变程度呈负相关。结论 应用ACEI治疗IgAN有明显降低蛋白尿和保护肾功能作用,影响疗效的主要因素为系膜增生程度、肾小球硬化率、肾小动脉病变程度及病程。     

肾小管间质损害在IgA肾病中的临床意义

目的：探讨肾小管间质损（TIL）在IgA肾病（IgAN）中的临床意义。方法：分析609例IgAN患者的临床与病理资料。结果：肾小管间质损害情况,肾小管间质损害轻度占47．1％,中度者占21．7％,重度者占16．6％,无肾小管间质损害者仅占14．6％。肾小管间质损害与临床指标的关系;随着肾小管间质损害程度的加重。IgAN患者的病情亦逐渐加重,表现为知血压升高,尿蛋白定量增加,血清白蛋白下降及肾功能减退。肾小管间质损害与病理参数的关系。血管损害、肾小球总体损害、系膜增殖程度及球性硬化的积分随着肾小管间质损害程度的加重逐渐增高,反之,随着肾小球和血管病变的加重,肾小管间质损害程度亦相应加重,结论：肾小管间质损害在IgAN患者病理改变中广泛存在,并随其损害程度的加重,IgAN患者的病情亦逐渐加重,肾小管间质损害可能是决定IgAN预后不良的关键因素之,且其与肾小球及血管病程度均呈平行关系,从而提示肾小管间质害与肾小球和血管的病变有直接的关系。     

Renal vascular lesions and the occurrence of hypertension in patients with IgA nephropathy

Worse prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is associated to hypertension, high proteinuria, glomerular and vascular sclerosis. A family story of hypertension (FHT) in relatives could be a strong predictor of the occurrence of hypertension (HT) in children. Renal vascular lesions (RVL) are often observed in normotensive patients with IgAN. In order to evaluate a possible association between FHT and LVR in patients with IgAN, we investigated two groups of 73 IgAN patients, sex (56 males and 17 females) and age matched, according to the presence or not of FHT. FHT was diagnosed if relatives and/or at least one child under 60 years of age had treatment for HT or systolic and diastolic BP over 140/90 mmHg at the time of the survey. Patients entering into the study were followed during an average period of 5 to 8 years. At the end of the study, all patients were explored for HT and renal function. Creatinine clearance (CrCl) was evaluated by Cockcroft and Gault formula and renal failure was defined as CrCl<60mL/min. The results were as follow: at the time of renal biopsy, RVL were observed in 73% of males with FHT vs 16% of males without FHT (p<0.0001) and 70.6% of females with FHT vs 29.4% of females without FHT (p<0.001); at the end of the study period, HT was significantly associated to FHT in 89.6% of patients group with FHT vs 22.6% of HT patients in the group without FHT (p<.0001). Renal failure was present in 45.2% of patients with FHT vs 4.1% of patients without FHT (p<0.0001). These data suggest: VRL could be dependent of genetic factors; FHT should be an early predictor of VRL in patients with IgAN; FHT might be a risk factor for renal failure in patients with this renal disease.