经颅显微切除眶内及眶颅沟通性肿瘤

目的 探讨眶内及眶颅沟通性肿瘤的显微外科治疗方法.方法 对32例眶内及眶颅沟通性肿瘤手术治疗患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.32例中眶内肿瘤21例,眶颅沟通性肿瘤11例,均出现与视器有关的症状.13例采用经额硬膜外入路,另19例采用经翼点入路.结果 肿瘤全切27例,大部切除4例,1例未切除.术中15例行颅底重建,均恢复良好.术后无死亡病例.结论 眶内及眶颅沟通性肿瘤目前以外科手术治疗为主,采用不同的手术人路及联合人路,在显微镜下切除肿瘤,可以增加肿瘤全切的可能性,能直接改善手术治疗效果;颅底重建对于预防脑脊液漏及颅内感染等并发症的发生有关键作用.     

颅眶联合入路显微切除眶内球后肿瘤

目的 探讨经颅眶联合人路显微切除眶内球后肿瘤的手术方法.方法 分析5例手术治疗的眶内球后肿瘤患者的临床资料.采用颅眶联合入路,将眉弓、部分眶上壁连同额骨骨瓣一起取下,咬除眶上壁达视神经管顶壁,经硬膜外显微切除眶内肿瘤.结果 5例患者肿瘤全部根治性切除,仅1例失明患者术后视力未恢复且伴眼球运动障碍,上睑下垂,无其他手术并发症,无手术死亡病例.结论 颅眶联合入路显微手术是眶内球后肿瘤行之有效的治疗方法.     

颅眶联合入路显微切除眶内球后肿瘤25例的手术配合

目的 探讨经颅眶联合入路显微切除眶内球后肿瘤的护理配合要点.方法 分析25例手术治疗的眶内球后肿瘤患者的临床资料.采用颅眶联合入路,将眉弓、部分眶上壁连同额骨骨瓣一起取下,咬除眶上壁达视神经管顶壁,经硬膜外显微切除眶内肿瘤.结果 25例患者肿瘤全部根治性切除,其中2例失明患者术后视力未恢复且伴有眼球运动障碍,上睑下垂,无其他手术并发症,无手术死亡病例.结论 颅眶联合入路显微手术是眶内球后肿瘤行之有效的治疗方法,能够直接改善治疗效果,手术护士术前备好显微器械,术中娴熟配合是手术得以顺利进行的必备条件.     

颅-眶-颧入路显微手术切除颅中窝底肿瘤

目的探讨经颅-眶-颧入路显微手术治疗颅中窝底肿瘤的经验.方法回顾性分析我科显微手术治疗的30例颅中窝底肿瘤的临床资料,重点分析总结经颅-眶-颧入路的优点、操作关键点及切除肿瘤的手术技巧.结果本组30例全部采用颅-眶-颧入路,发现该入路可缩短手术操作距离,深部病变的观察角度明显扩大,降低了颅中窝底肿瘤的手术难度,术后亦未见明显的脑牵拉性伤,未发生额肌麻痹、眼球内陷、视力损害等并发症.结论改善手术疗效的关键在于恰当的手术入路和精湛的显微外科技术.经颅-眶-颧入路显微手术治疗颅中窝底肿瘤,效果确切,值得推广.     

经颅显微切除眶内球后肿瘤八例临床体会

目的 探讨经颅显微切除眶内球后肿瘤的手术方法.方法 对8例经颅显微切除眶内球后肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 8例患者中有6例为全切,有2例为次全切,其中1例视力较差患者术后视力无恢复且伴有眼球运动障碍,上睑下垂,无其他手术并发症,无手术死亡病例.结论 经颅显微手术是眶内球后肿瘤行之有效的治疗方法,具有手术入路设计科学、定位准确、手术精度高、手术瘢痕隐蔽等诸多优势,术中可以直视切除范围,可以有效提高全切率.     

经颅入路切除颅眶和颅鼻沟通瘤的探讨

目的 探讨经颅入路切除前颅底--眶、副鼻窦沟通瘤的可行性及并发症。方法 对2000-07～2001-04，采用单纯经颅入路切除广泛累及前颅底眶内和副鼻窦肿瘤9例进行回顾性分析，其中颅底--眶内肿瘤4例，颅底--副鼻窦、眶内肿瘤5例。结果 所有病例均做到病变全切，术后发生脑脊液漏1例，上睑轻度下垂2例，随访20-29个月，1例术后1年死于复发，8例无瘤生存。结论 单纯经颅入路能切除累及前颅底、眶内、副鼻窦的广泛肿瘤；眶顶骨膜的剥离可致提上睑困难而影响关容。因此尽量不用扩展的入路；带蒂颅骨膜瓣修复颅底骨缺损为减少并发症的关键。     

颅眶联合入路显微切除眶内球后肿瘤

目的探讨经颅眶联合入路显微切除眶内球后肿瘤的手术方法。方法分析5例手术治疗的眶内球后肿瘤患者的临床资料。采用颅眶联合入路，将眉弓、部分眶上壁连同额骨骨瓣一起取下，咬除眶上壁达视神经管顶壁，经硬膜外显微切除眶内肿瘤。结果5例患者肿瘤全部根治性切除，仅1例失明患者术后视力未恢复且伴眼球运动障碍，上睑下垂，无其他手术并发症，无手术死亡病例。结论颅眶联合人路显微手术是眶内球后肿瘤行之有效的治疗方法。     

经眉弓眶上锁孔入路显微手术切除颅咽管瘤

目的探讨经眉弓眶上锁孔入路显微手术切除颅咽管瘤的方法及效果。方法回顾性分析18例经眉弓眶上锁孔入路颅咽管瘤显微手术及随诊结果。结果肿瘤全切16例,次全切2例,残余肿瘤予于立体定向放射外科治疗。术后出现或尿崩加重9例、高钠血症4例、嗜睡3例、视力下降2例、高热3例。随诊3个月至3．1年,术前症状均有好转,肿瘤复发3例。结论经眉弓眶上锁孔入路显微手术是切除颅咽管瘤的一种微创、安全及高效的手术方法。     

显微手术治疗颅咽管瘤的临床研究

目的　研究颅咽管瘤显微手术切除的方法、入路和疗效。方法　 86例经显微手术切除的颅咽管瘤中 ,囊性者 5 0例 ,有钙化者 4 2例 ,实质性 36例 ,肿瘤直径 2cm以下者 10例 ,2 .1～4 .0cm 4 1例 ,4 .1～ 6 .0cm 2 7例 ,>6 .0cm者 8例。 72例经右翼点入路 ,6例经胼胝体前入路 ,8例经胼胝体 -翼点联合入路切除肿瘤。结果　经术中观察和影像学资料证实 ,全切除 78例 ,次全切除 4例 ,大部切除 4例 ,随访 2个月～ 5年 ,能参加工作或学习者 75例 ,需生活照顾者 9例 ,死亡 2例。结论　颅咽管瘤早期诊断 ,争取早期显微手术全切除 ,效果理想 ;巨大、实质性肿瘤且伴有糖尿病者手术危险性较大 ;根据影像学特点选择合适的入路 ;翼点入路是鞍区颅咽管瘤显微手术切除的最佳入路。合理的围手术期治疗、防止并发症是取得良好效果的另一要点。     

前外侧硬脑膜外入路切除大型前床突脑膜瘤(附12例报告)

目的探讨前床突区手术临床应用解剖,提高前床突区肿瘤的治疗效果。方法12例前床突脑膜瘤患者采用眶上翼点联合入路,肿瘤累及海绵窦者采用额颞眶颧联合入路,磨除前床突,硬脑膜外阻断肿瘤基底部血供,硬脑膜下切除肿瘤。结果前床突脑膜瘤全切除8例,次全切除3例,部分切除1例。全组无手术死亡。术前视力明显减退的10例患者,术后6例明显好转,2例改善,1例无变化,1例较术前恶化。结论前床突脑膜瘤采用前外侧硬脑膜外入路,磨除前床突,有利于肿瘤基底部的血供阻断,有利于前床突下肿瘤与颈内动脉的分离。眶上翼点联合入路可明显减少手术对脑组织的牵拉,有利于大型肿瘤上极的显露。     

One-stage reconstruction of the eye socket with vascularized temporalis muscle flap in orbital exenteration

AIM: Two cases of one-stage reconstruction of exenterated orbit with vascularized temporalis muscle flap in oncological patients are presented. The anatomical characteristics of the temporalis muscle flap and the choice of one-stage or delayed reconstruction of the exenterated orbit are discussed. METHODS: Two patients were operated for malignancy recurrence during the period May-November 2000. One patient suffered recurrent squamous cell carcinoma in the left nasolabial region that infiltrated the lower eyelid and periorbit. The other patient had recurrence of previously operated primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit. Both patients underwent orbital exenteration. In the first patient it supplemented the tumor excision and partial maxillary excision resulting in large orbitomaxillary defect communicating with the nasal meatuses. RESULTS: In both patients good filling effect and isolation of the orbit from the neighbouring nasal meatuses and cranial cavity were obtained using vascularized temporalis muscle flap. CONCLUSION: The vascularized muscle flap appears a reliable technique and method of choice in one-stage as well as in delayed reconstruction in orbital exenteration.     

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for head and neck tumor: disease control and morbidity outcomes

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for patients with head and neck tumors. From April 2005 through April 2008, 34 patients with head and neck tumors were treated with CyberKnife SBRT. Twenty-one of them had prior radiotherapy. Treatment sites were orbit (n = 7), cervical lymph nodes (n = 6), nasopharynx (n = 5), oropharynx (n = 4) and others (n = 12). The prescribed dose ranged from 19.5 to 42 Gy (median, 30 Gy) in 3-8 fractions for consecutive days. The target volume ranged from 0.7 to 78.1 cm(3) (median, 11.6 cm(3)). The median follow-up was 16 months. Treatment was well tolerated without significant acute complications in any cases. Complete response rate and partial response rate were 32.4% and 38.6%, respectively. The overall survival rates were 70.6% and 58.3% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. The overall survival was better in patients without prior radiotherapy within the previous 24 months or in case of smaller target volume. Six patients suffered severe late complications. All these patients had prior radiotherapy, and 2 of them developed massive hemorrhage in the pharynx and both died of this complication 5 and 28 months, respectively, after SBRT. Our preliminary results suggest that SBRT is an effective treatment modality for head and neck tumors. However, re-irradiation has significant risk of severe and even fatal late complications in the form of necrosis and hemorrhage in re-irradiated areas.     

原发性眼眶肿瘤诊治策略分析

目的 探讨眼眶肿瘤的临床表现、影像学特点、病理分类、治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析26例眼眶肿瘤患者的临床资料和诊疗过程.结果 男16例,女10例.年龄15 ～ 72岁,平均46岁.住院时间9～21d,平均13d.26例均行手术治疗.术后病理组织学报告：海绵状血管瘤11例,炎性假瘤5例,眶内皮样囊肿3例,静脉性血管瘤2例,泪腺腺样囊性癌4例,横纹肌肉瘤1例.26例术后视力提高者9例,视力不变者11例,视力下降者6例,无视力意外丧失者.术后失访2例.24例术后随访18～48个月,平均25个月.4例恶性肿瘤患者术后6～ 20个月复发,均行眶内容物摘除术.术后随访临床表现及影像学检查均无肿瘤复发.结论 眼眶空间狭小,结构复杂,手术操作异常困难.结合临床表现、影像学检查和病理检查为患者选择个体化的治疗、随访方案尤为重要.     

CT扫描在眼眶骨折诊断中的价值

目的:探讨眼眶骨折的CT表现及其诊断价值.方法:对颌面部外伤伴眼眶骨折的86例患者的86只眼CT检查结果进行研究分析.结果:眼眶骨折以眶内壁、眶外壁骨折构成比最多,且以单壁为主,86只眼中发生单壁骨折77例(89.54%),双壁骨折8例(9.30%),三壁骨折1例(1.16%).结论:CT扫描对眼眶骨折的类型诊断与眼眶内容物的改变有重要价值.     

Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. conservative surgical management. Review of literature and report of a case

The present study presents a case of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia attenuating the orbit and the nasal airway, which was treated by conservative surgical approaches. Nasal and orbital decompression, and facial recontouring were performed simultaneously. This was done via a transconjunctival and transcaruncular approaches with a lateral canthotomy, which provided access to the four walls of the orbit, midface and the lateral nasal wall. The reduction of the turbinates was done through a standard turbinectomy approach and the nasal decompression was done via intercartilaginous access and a full transfixion incision and nasal degloving. The bulk of the lesion was removed with chisels, gauges, and rotary instruments. The orbital debulking extended to the orbital apex, which was not involved by the fibrous dysplasia. Approximately 200 mg of dysplastic bone was removed. The functional and aesthetic results were good. The symptoms of chronic conjunctivitis and nasal obstruction have been alleviated and there is no deterioration of his condition. The symptoms of anosmia have also disappeared. Conservative surgical treatment of craniofacial dysplasia in adults with stable disease is recommended.     

复发性椎管内肿瘤的显微外科治疗

目的探讨椎管内肿瘤术后复发的显微外科治疗体会。方法对1993—06～2002—06收治的16例复发性椎管内肿瘤的病例进行回顾性研究，分析其显微外科手术特点、手术方法、手术结果及手术并发症等。结果显微镜下全切除10例，近全切除4例，大部切除2例。出院时症状体征改善者10例，无变化3例，加重3例。随访5个月至8年，良好者11例，残废4例，死亡1例。结论椎管内肿瘤复发经确诊，再次手术效果良好，但术中须更加小心，注意脊髓功能的保护。对恶性肿瘤或切除不完全者应行放射治疗。     

22例儿童Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病临床分析

目的探讨分析不同部位神经纤维瘤患儿的临床特点。方法回顾性分析湖南省儿童医院2001-2010年收治入院的22例Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤患儿的诊断与治疗。结果在22例患儿中,21例表现为皮肤、腹腔、胸腔、颅脑及椎管内大小、数目不一的肿块;10例表现有范围及数量不同的色素斑。所有患儿中,有8例出生时既发现皮肤色素斑和单个、多个结节和/或肿块;12例为幼年出现皮肤色素斑或肿块。5例有不同程度的发育落后和智力低下;2例可询阳性家族史。所有患儿中,17例均通过手术切除或部分切除肿块,组织病理学符合诊断;术后1年进行随访,有3例患儿复发。结论Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病多于出生或幼年时发病,首发表现为皮肤色素斑和/或结节、肿块;同时某些肿块部位较隐蔽,皮肤色素斑缺如或不典型,在临床诊治中易被延误。因此应引起皮肤科医生的重视。     

内镜下双支架治疗肝移植术后胆管狭窄

目的：探讨内镜下胆道塑料双支架治疗肝移植术后胆管狭窄的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析2005年1月-2008年12月35例肝移植胆管狭窄经内镜胆道双支架治疗的临床资料。结果：全组35例均成功放置胆道塑料双支架。28例治疗有效;3例拔管后3月部分胆管再狭窄,再次内镜下置入胆道双支架;4例合并肝内胆管狭窄疗效不明显,长期置管。术后高淀粉酶血症5例,胆管炎7例,经保守治疗治愈。结论内镜下胆道塑料双支架治疗肝移植术后胆管吻合口狭窄是安全有效的治疗方法。     

29例子宫肌瘤的低场MRI表现分析

目的：探讨子宫肌瘤的低场MRI表现及诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析29例子宫肌瘤患者的低场MRI表现,并与手术病理结果作对照。结果：本组29例患者中,有22例多发肌瘤,7例单发肌瘤,MRI共检出60个病灶。所有病灶均呈圆形或类圆形,在T1WI上表现为等或低信号,在T2WI上表现为低信号或混杂信号。本组29例患者中,有27例患者的MRI诊断与手术病理结果相符,诊断符合率为93.1%。结论：低场强MRI对子宫肌瘤能作出正确诊断,可作为B超检查的重要补充手段。