自体心包材料二尖瓣环成形术的中期结果

目的 回顾性分析自体心包材料二尖瓣环成形术的中期效果.方法 采用自体心包材料行二尖瓣环成形术48例.Carpentier分型：Ⅰ型5例,Ⅱ型41例,Ⅲ型2例.瓣叶及瓣下结构成形包括后叶四边形切除30例,瓣叶修补7例,腱索转移4例,“缘对缘”技术2例,人工腱索3例.伴随手术包括主动脉瓣替换1例,三尖瓣成形11例,冠状动脉旁路移植术9例,冠状动脉肌桥松解1例,永久性起搏器植入1例.自体心包条的长度为（51.9 ±2.8）cm.术后随访15～96（62.2 ±21.3）个月.采用门诊随访及电话随访方式,随访内容包括临床症状、心功能、超声心动图检查等.结果 术后左心室舒张末期内径[（45.1±1.3） mm vs（58.6±1.7）mm,t=12.85,P＜0.01]、左心房内径[（38.0±1.4）mm vs （50.6±1.6） mm,t=9.58,P＜0.01]明显缩小.全组早期术后无明显反流.术后30 d内死亡1例.远期无死亡,术后发生脑梗死1例,远期出现中度反流1例.无溶血并发症,无再次手术.结论 自体心包材料二尖瓣环成形是一种抗凝并发症发生率低、耐久性可、心功能维护好、廉价的成形方法.     

“缘对缘”技术基础上的腱索转移法治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂

目的 介绍一种操作简单、效果可靠的矫治二尖瓣前叶脱垂的手术方法.方法 2004年1月至2010年10月,应用“缘对缘”技术基础上的腱索转移法治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂病例共18例,先行脱垂部位前叶与相应部位后叶的“缘对缘”缝合,矩形切下缝合处的后叶,连同相应的腱索、乳头肌,转移至前叶.再行后叶成形,完成瓣膜成形手术.所有患者出院前和半年后随访时再次行超声心动图检查.结果 手术无死亡病例,1例因术后第3天出现二尖瓣前叶穿孔再次行二尖瓣置换手术,血红蛋白尿1例,低心排血量综合征1例,给予对症处理,其余15例患者均顺利康复出院.术后远期随访无死亡,心功能全部恢复至Ⅰ级.复查超声心动图二尖瓣瓣口面积2.8～4.8(3.78±0.52) cm2,均无明显反流,反流面积(0.45±0.22) cm,左房径术前(48.26±11.12) mm,术后(37.57±9.56) mm(P＝ 0.028);左室舒张末径术前(61.43±8.24) mm,术后(42.35±10.79) mm(P＝0.008).结论 “缘对缘”技术基础上的腱索转移法治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂,操作简单,可以取得良好的成形效果.     

二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣关闭不全的疗效分析

目的分析二尖瓣瓣膜成形术(MVP)治疗中重度二尖瓣关闭不全(MR)患者的临床疗效。 方法以2013年6月至2017年6月徐州医科大学附属沭阳医院心胸外科收治的28例行MVP的MR患者为研究对象行回顾性分析,其中男性17例,女性11例;年龄50～72岁,平均(61.5±10.6)岁。所有患者术前均存在中重度MR。术前根据患者的合并症、病变部位的定位和合并腱索断裂与否,评估选择可行的MVP术式及合并手术：所有患者均采用正中切口、体外循环下手术治疗,术中行二尖瓣楔形切除、矩形切除及缘对缘缝合方法修补二尖瓣,合并腱索断裂或腱索冗长的行e-PTFE线人工腱索植入,常规行二尖瓣成型环植入,术中注水观察评估瓣膜成行效果。术中采取的二尖瓣成形方法统计：7例(25.0%)植入1～3根腱索,行二尖瓣矩切除术9例(32.1%),二尖瓣楔形切除术8例(28.6%),二尖瓣缘对缘缝合4例(14.3%),所有患者均置入鞍形二尖瓣成形环。对于合并心房颤动的患者同期行单纯左心耳切除术(LAA),或心房颤动射频消融术(AB)＋LAA;合并冠心病,则同期行冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG);合并中度及以上的三尖瓣关闭不全,则同期行三尖瓣成形环植入手术(TVP)。1例(3.6%)患者行MVP＋CABG,1例(3.6%)行MVP＋TVP＋LAA;3例(10.7%)行MVP＋TVP＋AB＋LAA;5例(17.9%)行MVP＋TVP;18例(64.3%)行单纯MVP。术后予华法林抗凝治疗3～6个月,合并心房颤动者终身抗凝治疗。统计所有患者采取的手术方式,包括合并手术、二尖瓣成形方法;对比患者术前及术后2年的返流、心功能改善情况以及LAD、左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)水平的差异。 结果所有患者术前均为中重度返流,术后2年复查心脏彩超：21例(75.0%)无明显二尖瓣返流,6例(21.4%)二尖瓣轻度返流,1例(3.6%)二尖瓣中度返流。且所有患者的心功能较术前均提升1 ～ 2级。术前LAD[(49.42±12.58)mm],术后2年LAD[(38.17±9.84)mm],术前LVEDD[(50.91±7.93)mm],术后LVEDD[(44.37±7.42)mm],术后均较术前明显缩小;术前LVEF(51.69±9.71)%,术后LVEF(62.79±8.53)%,术后LVEF较术前明显增加。 结论MVP治疗MR安全有效、疗效显著,但远期效果还待进一步研究随访。     

二尖瓣成形术在感染性心内膜炎二尖瓣关闭不全中的应用研究

目的评估二尖瓣成形术治疗自体感染性心内膜炎(infective endocarditis,IE)的可行性及中远期疗效。方法选取2011年1月-2015年6月医院收治的因感染性心内膜炎单纯累及二尖瓣并致二尖瓣关闭不全患者68例为研究对象,其中二尖瓣成形术(mitral valve plasty,MVP)19例为MVP组,二尖瓣置换术(mitral valve replacement,MVR)49例为MVR组。比较两组患者的一般资料及手术结局和随访情况。结果术前两组左心室舒张末内径(left ventricular diastolic diameter,LVDD)、射血分数(ejection fraction,EF)和心功能分级(New York Heart Association,NYHA)差异无统计学意义;MVP组手术方法采用彻底清除赘生物后,行瓣膜穿孔直接修补5例,心包修补5例,人工腱索5例(前叶3例,后叶2例),前叶三角形或楔形切除2例,后叶三角形或楔形切除9例,全组均植入二尖瓣成形环。MVR组植入机械瓣28例,生物瓣21例;手术后两组各死亡1例,MVP组死因呼吸衰竭,MVR组死因顽固性人工瓣心内膜炎;MVP组术中心脏复跳后经食道心脏超声(transesophageal echocardiography,TEE)显示15例无明显返流,3例轻度返流,1例轻中度返流,1例中度以上返流重新转流行MVR术;MVP组主动脉阻断时间长于MVR组(P<0.05);术后MVR组失访2例,共64例(MVP18例,MVR46例)进入随访,平均随访时间(41.5±25.6)个月,MVP组无二次手术,经胸超声心动图随访显示轻度返流4例,轻中度返流2例,中度返流1例;MVR组1例因瓣周漏二次手术,术后痊愈出院,余无死亡,无重大心血管事件。结论选择性应用MVP治疗IE所致的二尖瓣关闭不全手术安全可行,中远期疗效满意。     

同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术与瓣膜手术的临床研究

目的 介绍同期施行冠状动脉旁路移植术与瓣膜手术的体会.方法 选择48例患者同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术与瓣膜手术,术前心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ级15例,Ⅱ级13例,Ⅲ级15例,Ⅳ级5例.其中双支病变13例,多支病变35例,二尖瓣病变11例,主动脉病变10例,联合瓣膜病变27例.手术均在全身麻醉体外循环下进行,心脏停跳后先做静脉桥的远端吻合,然后置换瓣膜,静脉桥与升主动脉的近端吻合在主动脉一次阻断下或心脏复苏后完成.11例二尖瓣反流者均行二尖瓣成形术,37例患者行瓣膜替换术.其他同期手术:行室壁瘤切除术2例,左心房血栓清除术8例.结果 手术后发生低心排出量综合征2例,其中死亡1例.术后呼吸机使用时间21～282 h,平均(70.5±12.6)h.ICU停留时间4～42 d,平均(5.6±23)d.1例因Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞植入永久性起搏器.术后发生心房纤颤11例,院内肺部感染2例.术后心功能均明显改善.出院的47例患者全部获得随访,随访期间无心绞痛发作.随访中心功能Ⅰ级18例,Ⅱ级26例,Ⅲ级3例,而且随访中未发现瓣周漏等人工瓣相关并发症,亦未发生与抗凝相关的出血、血栓或栓塞等事件.结论 冠状动脉旁路移植术同时行瓣膜手术是安全、有效的.详细的术前检查、充分的心肌保护及术后预防并发症等皆是手术成功的关键.     

双孔成形术治疗二尖瓣前叶病变的临床研究

目的 探讨双孔成形术在治疗二尖瓣前叶病变中的临床可行性.方法 对35例二尖瓣前叶病变患者行双孔成形术,在术前、术中、术后利用超声心动图对瓣膜进行评价,并对手术患者进行随访观察.结果 术前瓣口面积为(5.41± 1.50) cm2,术后瓣口面积为(3.01±0.70) cm2,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后28例患者无明显反流,5例可探及轻度反流信号,2例中度反流信号.随访1～12个月,除1例失访外,所有患者随访期间美国纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)分级均为Ⅰ级;超声心动图显示双孔成形瓣膜活动良好,无瓣口狭窄.除1例发生心房颤动、1例发生胸腔积液、2例发生心包积液外,其余患者没有发生明显的并发症.结论 双孔成形术治疗二尖瓣前叶病变,疗效稳定,并发症少,早、中期疗效满意.     

经食道超声心动图在二尖瓣成形术中的应用

目的：评价经食道超声心动图（TEE）在二尖瓣瓣膜成形术中的应用价值。方法：选择二尖瓣脱垂并伴有中度以上的反流拟行二尖瓣成形术患者21例。术中应用经食道超声心动图评价二尖瓣病变部位,二尖瓣的解剖定位采用Carpentier命名法,将前叶分为A1、A2及A3,后叶分为P1、P2及P3,与术中所见进行对照,术后即刻评价成形效果。结果：本组21例共30处病变部位,28处病变部位与术中所见相符,2处为TEE未发现。18例1次性手术实施成功,2例术中监测发现反流2级,再次行成形术,最终获成功,1例术中监测发现反流3级,改行二尖瓣人工瓣置换术。结论：经食道超声心动图在二尖瓣成形术中判断病变部位、术后即刻评价成形效果具有重要的临床应用价值。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行心脏二尖瓣成形术的临床分析

目的 分析冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行心脏二尖瓣成形术的临床处理经验,提高治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行心脏二尖瓣成形术27例患者的临床资料.结果 27例患者共移植旁路血管42支,同期行二尖瓣成形27例.二尖瓣病变合并冠心病的冠状动脉受累以单支受累最多,为16例,双支次之,为8例,多支受累3例.单支受累以左前降支及右冠状动脉多见,左回旋支次之,主动脉阻断时间(112±21) min.围手术期死亡2例(7.4％).25例取得较好的临床效果,心脏功能明显改善.术后随访25例,随访时间6 ～ 72个月,平均16.5个月,随访期间死亡2例,为非心源性死亡.其余患者生活质量明显改善.结论 冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行心脏二尖瓣成形术,彻底解除瓣膜病变、充分的心肌再血管化使患者术后心功能得到较好的恢复,近期效果满意.     

重度三尖瓣病变行三尖瓣置换术27例临床应用

目的 探讨三尖瓣置换术(TVR)手术指征及方式,总结三尖瓣病变的手术治疗经验.方法 2005年9月至2010年5月共施行TVR 27例,其中置换生物瓣膜23例,机械瓣膜4例;同期行二尖瓣置换术8例,二尖瓣、主动脉瓣双瓣膜置换术4例,房间隔缺损修补术4例.结果 手术病死率为11.1％(3/27),其中2例术后死于重度低心排血量综合征,1例术后第7天死于多器官功能衰竭.术后二次开胸止血1例,经积极治疗后顺利康复出院.随访率91.7％(22/24),1例术后3年死于生物瓣膜毁损,1例术后19个月死于脑栓塞.随访期间心功能NYHA分级恢复至Ⅰ级6例,Ⅱ级14例.结论 行TVR的患者中、远期病死率均较高,对于严重的三尖瓣病变患者,正确的手术方式、合理的围手术期处理是手术成功的关键.对于年龄大于50岁、随访不便以及未生育适龄女性患者来说,优先考虑置换生物瓣膜.     

左肝外叶切除联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的临床观察

目的探讨左肝外叶切除联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的临床效果。方法将2009年1月～2010年1月间在我院手术治疗的肝内胆管结石患者30例给予左肝外叶切除联合胆道镜治疗,随访治疗效果。结果本组疗效评定为优者15例,评定为良者12例,效果差者3例,优良率为90.00%。术后l例发生膈下感染,l例发生肺部感染,2例发生切口感染,并经处理后痊愈。术后2个月胆道镜检查显示1例左肝内叶结石合并胆道狭窄者发现结石,其余病例均未发现结石残留。本组无死于胆管炎或发生与胆管炎有关的并发症者。结论左肝外叶切除联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的临床效果确切,临床应合理选择应用。     

Determining factors in mitral valve reconstructive surgery. Report of 150 cases

150 patients had mitral valve repair for mitral valve incompetence. There were 57 males and 93 females with a mean age of 22 years. 60% of the patients were in Class II NYHA and 40% in Class III and IV. Type I was present in 18 patients, type II in 98 and type III in 34 cases. Mitral repair included correction of valve prolapse, valvular enlargement with pericardial patch and annuloplasty with semi-rigid ring in 128 cases and PTFE patch along the posterior leaflet in 12 cases. The perioperative mortality rate was 2.6%. All patients had early post-operative echocardiography. According to this, mitral regurgitation was absent or tiny in 135 patients, grade II in 10 cases and grade III in 2 cases. It was moderate or important in twelve patients. In the late post-operative period. All the others patients were reoperated upon for mitral dysfunction in a mean time of 37 months. The reason for reoperation was in the majority of the cases the recurrence of mitral regurgitation related to increase of valvular and sub valvular disease. The late mortality rate is 7%. Out of 126 reviewed survivors on the long run, 71 patients are asymptomatic in class I, 53 patients in class II and 2 patients in class III NYHA. The estimated mitral regurgitation by echography in those patients is absent or trivial in 96 cases. grade II in 29 cases and grade III in one case. Mitral valvuloplasty is the preferred procedure in mitral insufficiency surgical management. It is associated to a low early mortality and morbidity rate. Despite the need for reoperation in about 10% of the cases in the long follow-up, mitral repair offers a good quality of life without anticoagulant treatment.     

Surgical treatment of mitral insufficiency using annuloplasty suture technic

In 1991 a simple and cheap technique was introduced for mitral valve repair at our department. After repairing the mitral leaflets, where indicated a posterior leaflet annuloplasty was performed with a semicircular suture and the annulus fixed for the appropriate size by tying the stitch. Between July 1991 and December 1995 86 patients underwent the above procedure (average age 56.8 +/- 10.4 years). 45 patients had primary mitral valve disease (myxomatous degeneration, rheumatoid disease, endocarditis), the other 41 had functional mitral regurgitation secondary to severe aortic valve or coronary artery disease. Echocardiography showed severe mitral regurgitation in 77% of the patients. In 45 cases the mitral valve itself was also repaired (valvotomy, quadrangular resection, wedge resection, etc.) in 29 cases the aortic valve was replaced as well, while 24 patients required additional revascularisation of the myocardium. The 30 day mortality was 3.5%. One week after surgery echocardiography was performed at all patients and showed acceptable mitral valve area (2.28 +/- 0.39 cm2). In 28 cases mild mitral regurgitation was found, the other valves were competent. All but 3 patients were followed up (96.4%). There were 6 late deaths (3 cardiac, 2 non cardiac, 1 embolic, 7.2% late mortality). During the follow up period (31.7 +/- 11.2 months) 5 patients required mitral valve replacement for severe recurrent mitral regurgitation (6.0%). In two cases new chorda rupture caused the recurrence, in an other case the suture had torn out of the annulus due to inadequate surgical technique. In the last two cases the annulus had dilated with intact Prolene annuloplasty stitch present, 86.8% of the survivors were in NYHA class I. or II. Our results suggest that mitral valve repair in selected cases can be performed without using expensive annuloplasty rings. The suture used for annuloplasty should be strong, non absorbable and non stretchable. Since 1994, when we started using GoreTex suture instead of Prolene no more patients required reoperation for annuloplasty failure.     

Relevant factors in mitral valve reconstructive surgery. Report of 150 cases

150 patients had mitral valve repair for mitral valve incompetence. There were 57 males and 93 females with a mean age of 22 years, 39% were less than 15 years of age. 60% of the patients were in Class II NYHA and 40% in Class III and IV. According to Carpentier's classification, isolated type I was present in 18 patients (12%), type II in 98 patients (64%) and type III in 34 cases (24%). Mitral repair included correction of valve prolapse, valvular enlargement with pericardial patch and annuloplasty with semi-rigid ring in 128 cases and PTFE patch along the posterior leaflet in 12 cases. The perioperative mortality rate was 2.6% (4 patients). All patients had early post-operative echocardiography. According to this, mitral regurgitation was absent or tiny in 135 patients (92%), grade II in 10 cases and grade III in 2 cases. It was moderate or important in twelve patients (8%). In the late post-operative period, three patients were lost to follow-up. All the others patients were reoperated upon for mitral dysfunction in a mean time of 37 months. The reason for reoperation was in the majority of the cases the recurrence of mitral regurgitation related to increase of valvular and sub valvular disease. The late mortality rate is 7% (10 patients). Out of 126 reviewed survivors on the long run, 71 patients (56%) are asymptomatic in class I, 53 patients (42%) in class II and 2 patients in class III NYHA. Mitral valvuloplasty is the preferred procedure in mitral insufficiency surgical management. It is associated to a low early mortality and morbidity rate. Despite the need for reoperation in about 10% of the cases in the long follow-up, mitral repair offers a good quality of life without anticoagulant treatment.     

自体心包与人工瓣环三尖瓣成形术治疗功能性三尖瓣反流的比较

目的比较自体心包条三尖瓣成形与人工瓣环三尖瓣成形治疗功能性三尖瓣反流的中期疗效。方法我科2005年至2008年间76例功能性三尖瓣反流患者随机分为两组,A组（n=46）以人工瓣环行三尖瓣成形,B组（n=30）以自体心包条环缩三尖瓣环行三尖瓣成形,分别于术后6个月、12个月、24个月及36个月对两组患者右心房内径、右心室内径,三尖瓣反流程度进行对比观察。结果两组均无死亡病例;术后心功能分级较术前提高Ⅰ～Ⅱ级;术后两组患者右心房内径、右心室内径、三尖瓣反流面积比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论自体心包三尖瓣环成形术是治疗功能性三尖瓣反流的有效方法,其中期疗效与人工瓣环三尖瓣成形术相似,但治疗费用明显降低。     

超声与手术结果诊断二尖瓣腱索断裂的临床对比研究

目的将超声诊断二尖瓣腱索断裂（MCTR）与手术结果进行对比。方法回顾性分析152例MCTR患者的超声心动图结果,并与手术结果进行对比。结果二尖瓣腱索断裂的特征较明显,对比结果发现本组152例中,145例术前超声与术后诊断结果相符,符合率为95.4%,准确判断前后叶脱垂和腱索断裂的符合率为92.8%（141/150）,判断完全和部分腱索断裂的符合率为88.2%（134/152）。结论超声心动图诊断二尖瓣腱索断裂准确率较高,可为手术治疗提供重要资料,值得在临床中推广应用。     

Surgery of the mitral valve--in the work of József Kudász

The author described his results of surgical treatment of mitral valve disease. Of 57 patients, the isolated mitral procedure was performed in 72%, and the combined (valve and coronary) in 28% of the cases. In 75% of the patients valve repair, and in 25% valve replacement were performed. There were 2 cases (3.5%) of early mortality after combined surgery where patients had also ischaemic heart disease. All the replaced valve prostheses and 84% of repaired mitral valve had a normal function. The mitral regurgitation was moderate in 14%, of cases and mild in 2% of cases at the follow up, but no reoperation was needed. After the surgery 85% of patients had sinus rhythm, 13% had atrial arrhythmia and in 2% the pacemaker was needed. Attempt of valve repair had to be made in all patients with mitral valve disease which can be performed in almost every case of degenerative valve prolapse and the rupture of chordae tendineae.