超声显像诊断局灶性脂肪肝

目的：探讨超声诊断局灶性脂肪肝的临床意义。方法：用超声影像技术对门诊病人以及健康体检中发现的共25例局灶性脂肪肝患者进行分析。结果：其声像图可分为两类型，I型，叶段型脂肪肝22例；Ⅱ型，团块型脂肪肝3例。结论：局灶性脂肪肝的声像图特征与占位性病变的鉴别。     

超声造影鉴别诊断脂肪肝背景下肝内局灶性病变的意义

目的探讨脂肪肝背景下超声造影对肝脏局灶性病变的诊断意义。方法在常规体检中发现的脂肪肝背景下的肝脏局灶性病变进行灰阶超声、彩色多普勒超声、超声造影检查,对于结果进行比较分析。结果超声造影对于脂肪肝背景下的局灶性病变诊断准确率为97.14%。结论超声造影对于脂肪肝背景下的肝脏局灶性病变具有鉴别诊断意义。对于缺少特异性表现的部分病例,需要穿刺活检加以鉴别诊断。     

非均匀性脂肪肝的超声表现与分析

非均匀性脂肪肝是脂肪肝的一种特殊类型,又称为肝脏局灶性脂肪浸润或局灶性脂肪肝.虽然该种表现形式较常见,但由于这类病变声像图特殊,超声极易误诊.本文对67例非均匀性脂肪肝声像图进行系统、全面的回顾性分析,旨在提高对该病变的认识和诊断水平.     

超声造影与常规超声诊断肝脏局灶性病变的对比研究

目的 探究与分析超声造影与常规超声诊断肝脏局灶性病变的临床效果.方法 整群选取并回顾性分析该院自2012年9月—2014年9月收治的298例肝脏局灶性病变患者的临床资料,该组患者均给予常规超声与超声造影检查,对比两种方法 诊断肝脏局灶性病变的准确性.结果 超声造影诊断血管癌、硬化结节、局灶性结节增生、肝内胆管癌、不均匀脂肪肝及其他病变时的诊断准确率分别为:90.70%、72.22%、71.43%、58.33%、80.00%、50.00%,彩色多普勒诊断血管癌、硬化结节、局灶性结节增生、肝内胆管癌、不均匀脂肪肝及其他病变时的诊断准确率分别为:69.77%、55.56%、50.00%、33.33%、60.00%、25.00%,超声造影较常规超声诊断血管癌、硬化结节、局灶性结节增生、肝内胆管癌、不均匀脂肪肝及其他病变准确率明显升高,差异有统计学意义(x2=4.11、6.74、5.90、4.56、7.11、6.34,P<0.05).结论 在诊断肝细胞性肝癌、转移性肝癌常规超声与造影超声的诊断率无明显差异,但在诊断血管癌、硬化结节、局灶性结节增生、肝内胆管癌、不均匀脂肪肝及其他病变时,则需给予超声造影检查以确保结果 的准确性,同时需要临床医生结合临床症状及其他实验室检查最终确诊.     

超声造影在脂肪肝背景下肝脏良性局灶性病变中的应用

目的 探讨超声造影在脂肪肝背景下肝脏良性局灶性病变诊断中的应用.方法 对脂肪肝背景下的159个肝脏局灶性病变进行了超声造影检查,将超声造影检查结果 同增强CT,增强MRI及病理诊断进行对比,其中良性局灶性病变126例(血管瘤61例,局灶性脂肪缺失30例,局灶性增生结节(Focal nodular hyperplasia,FNH)19例,孤立性坏死结节10例,炎性假瘤3例,肝脓肿3例),分析良性局灶性病变的超声造影特征.结果 超声造影检查后,61例血管瘤中的48例表现为动脉期的周边高回声结节或高回声环,进而造影剂向病灶中心进展,其余13例血管瘤表现为动脉期的快速灌注.30例局灶性脂肪缺失表现为造影三期等增强.19例FNH表现为动脉期的离心性放射状增强或整体快速增强,门脉期及实质期为高回声或等回声.3例炎性假瘤均表现为动脉期快速增强,但门脉期及实质期为低回声.10例孤立性坏死结节均表现为造影三期无增强.3例肝脓肿均表现为动脉期快速增强,其中2例为蜂窝状增强,3例实质期均表现为低回声.结论 超声造影可显示脂肪肝背景上肝脏良性病灶的血流灌注特征,因此可用于脂肪肝基础上肝脏良性局灶性病变的鉴别诊断.     

声晕及血管分布对脂肪肝局灶性脂肪缺失与肝脏恶性病变鉴别的价值

目的 探讨声晕、血供特征的多普勒超声特征对非均匀性脂肪肝局灶性脂肪缺失与类似于局灶性脂肪缺失的肝脏恶性病变的鉴别价值.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年8月期间在我院超声科检查的47例肝脏局灶性恶性病变患者的58个类似于局灶性脂肪缺失肝脏恶性病变病灶和52例脂肪肝患者的52个非典型非均匀性脂肪肝局灶性脂肪缺失的多普勒超声特征.以声晕、内部血供和血流速度为参数评价其在分析非均匀性脂肪肝局灶性脂肪缺失中的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值.结果 肝脏恶性病变的声像特征有声晕、较多血管和血流信号较丰富,脉冲多普勒检测有动脉血流,而非均匀性脂肪肝局灶性脂肪缺失很少探及动脉血流,二者静脉分布数都少.区分二者时,以有声晕、有较多血管和探及动脉血流为肝脏恶性病变判断标准,无声晕、有较少血管或无血管、探及不到动脉血流为肝局灶性脂肪缺失(良性病变)判断标准.结果显示,58个肝脏恶性病变病灶中有13个符合良性或良性可能,45个符合恶性或恶性病变可能;52个非典型非均匀性脂肪肝局灶性脂肪缺失中13个符合占位性病变或占位性病变可能,36个符合脂肪肝局灶性脂肪缺失.以有声晕、有较多血管和有动脉血流存在为恶性病变参照标准鉴别恶性与良性(低脂肪灶)病变,则其敏感性为81.69%、特异性为79.03%、准确性为80.45%、阳性预测值为81.69%、阴性预测值为79.03%.结论 出现于无恶性病变危险因素的脂肪肝患者肝脏中无声晕及无动脉血流的可疑病变可能是不典型局灶性脂肪缺失或其他病变,为肝癌或转移癌的可能性较小.有无声晕及有无动脉血流对不典型局灶性脂肪缺失与恶性病变鉴别有一定价值.     

102例局灶性脂肪肝超声声像图分析

目的探讨局灶性脂肪肝超声声像图特点。方法2007年1月～2009年12月应用Aloka-3500超声成像仪（探头2．6～5．0MHz）和Philips飞凡超声成像仪,探头3．5MHz,对102例局灶性脂肪肝患者的肝脏作多个方位的断面扫查,在病灶区切面内记录其病灶的大小、位置、形态、内部回声性质及血流情况等。结果102例均为相对独立的异常回声区,根据声像图表现可分为3型：局限浸润型14例;叶段浸润型31例;弥漫非均匀浸润型57例。结论应用超声对局灶性脂肪肝检查能做出较明确的诊断和鉴别诊断,是诊断脂肪肝的首选方法之一。     

超声造影对肝脏局灶性结节的诊断价值

目的探讨超声造影对肝脏局灶性结节的鉴别诊断价值。方法使用超声遣影荆sonovu检查肝脏局灶性结节46例,共57个结节,根据造影增强模式及时相进行羹别诊断,与临床及病例结果对照。结果全部原发性及转移性肝癌结节,肝血管瘸、不均质脂肪肝结节、3例肝硬化非典型增生结节、3倒肝脏局灶性结节增生,1例肝脓肿均通过造影得到诊断,1倒巨大腺瘤造影未确诊,手术病理证实。结论 超声造影可实时显示肝脏局灶性结节微血管灌注信息,从而较敏感的进行鉴别诊断。     

非均匀性脂肪肝的超声诊断

非均匀性脂肪肝也称局灶性脂肪肝或肝脏局灶性脂肪浸润,是脂肪肝的一种特殊类型和常见表现形式.在日常工作中由于部分特殊病例,不易做出明确诊断.本文对78例较典型的非均匀性脂肪肝的声像图进行了分析总结.     

实时超声造影与编码相位反转技术在肝脏局灶性病变鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:探讨实时超声造影技术在肝脏局灶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:70例肝脏局灶性病变患者,先行二维与彩色多普勒超声检查,后用编码相位反转技术(CPI)与造影剂SonoVue对局灶性病变(共89个)进行实时造影检查,完全记录整个造影过程,分析造影前后的图像特点。结果:70例肝脏局灶性病变患者,其中原发性肝癌18例、转移性肝癌12例、血管瘤20例、肝局灶性结节样增生5例、非均质脂肪肝8例、肝硬化结节7例。超声造影显示不同病变具有不同的造影增强特点,而且病灶图像清晰。超声造影前30例恶性病变仅20例被明确,经造影后明确诊断达28例。结论:实时超声造影技术对肝脏局灶性病变的鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.