孕妇血清维生素A、维生素E、25-羟基维生素D与 子痫前期的相关性研究

目的 探讨孕妇血清维生素A、维生素E、25-羟基维生素D水平与子痫前期的相关性。方法 选择2016年3月~2017年10月在我院产检的单胎孕妇为研究对象,其中子痫前期组72例,健康对照组30例。分析血清维生素A、维生素E、25-羟基维生素D水平与子痫前期的相关性及其诊断价值。结果 在孕10~14周时,两组孕妇孕血清维生素A、维生素E 、25-羟基维生素D水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;孕24~28周时,子痫前期组血清维生素A、维生素E 、25-羟基维生素D水平低于对照组水平（P＜0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,孕24~28周血清维生素A、维生素E、25-羟基维生素D水平与子痫前期发病具有显著的相关性;回归模型显示,血清维生素A诊断子痫前期的AUC为0.976,95%CI为0.931~1.000,当界值为0.46时,预测子痫前期发病的灵敏度为95.70%,特异度为72.50%;维生素E诊断子痫前期的AUC为0.820,95%CI为0.725~0.914,当界值为0.28时,预测子痫前期发病的灵敏度为76.70%,特异度为77.80%;25-羟基维生素D诊断子痫前期的AUC为0.789,95%CI为0.681~0.898,当界值为0.33时,预测子痫前期发病的灵敏度为73.30%,特异度为81.90%;血清维生素A+维生素E+25-羟基维生素D诊断子痫前期的AUC为0.988,95%CI为0.966~1.000。当界值为0.55时,预测子痫前期发病的灵敏度为96.70%,特异度为95.80%。结论 在孕10~14周时,血清维生素A、维生素E、25-羟基维生素D水平下降与子痫前期发病无关;在孕24~28周时,血清维生素A、维生素E、25-羟基维生素D水平下降与子痫前期发病显著相关,孕晚期血清维生素A、维生素E、25-羟基维生素D可作为子痫前期的关键指标。     

25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human cerebrospinal fluid

Summary Samples of CSF and plasma were obtained simultaneously from 46 adult patients who had no endocrine disorders and were undergoing routine diagnostic lumbar puncture because of suspected or proved prolapse of a disc. Concentrations of 25-OHD, 24,25(OH)₂D and 1,25(OH)₂D were measured. The samples were purified by column chromatography and fractionated by HPLC. In the appropriate fractions the vitamin D metabolites were measured by PBA, and cytoreceptor assay. The results were as follows (median, range in brackets): 25-OHD in CSF 8.3 ng/ml (2.0–24.8), in plasma 14.5 ng/ml (7.0–36.0). 24,25(OH)₂D in CSF 1.8 ng/ml (0.3–4.6) and 2.5 ng/ml (0.4–4.7) in plasma. 1.25(OH)₂ D in CSF 25.0 pg/ml (2.2–39.0) and 31.0 pg/ml (10.1–55.0) in plasma. The correlations between plasma and CSF concentrations were as follows: 25-OHDr=0.479 (P<0.001); 24,25(OH)₂Dr=0.815 (P<0.001) and for 1.25(OH)₂Dr=0.497 (P<0.001).Our findings showed vitamin D metabolites to be present in human CSF.Abbreviations Ca Calcium - CSF Cerebrospinal fluid - Vitamin D₃ Cholecalciferol - CPM Counts per min - 24, 25 (OH)₂D 24, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ - 1,25(OH)₂D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ - Vitamin D₂ Ergocalciferol - HPLC High-pressure liquid chromatography - 25OHD 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ - PTH Parathyroid hormone - PBA Protein binding assay - RIA Radioimmunoassay - D-CaBP Vitamin D dependent calcium-binding protein     

湛江市区学龄前儿童25-羟维生素D水平研究

目的 调查湛江地区学龄前（0~6岁）健康儿童25-羟维生素D[25（OH）D]水平,了解该人群中维生素D的健康状态。方法选取2017年6月1日~2018年5月31日在我检验中心进行体检的0~6岁儿童共3164例,测定25（OH）D水平,比较不同性别、不同季节的25（OH）D水平。结果 湛江市儿童血清25（OH）D总体水平为（42.75±12.20）ng/ml,男童为（42.27±11.88）ng/ml、女童为（42.93±12.58）ng/ml,不同性别儿童的25（OH）D水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。25（OH）D缺乏和不足的比例随着儿童年龄的增加而增多;秋季25（OH）D水平较其他季节略低。结论 湛江市区0~6岁儿童中缺乏和不足率均随年龄的成长而增高,应积极采取有效措施监督和提高儿童维生素D水平,以减少维生素D相关疾病的发生,提高健康水平。     

Treatment of hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism with metabolites of vitamin D: evidence for impaired conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

In hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism, pharmacologic doses of vitamin D correct hypocalcemia, but the mechanism is unknown. In two children with hypoparathyroidism and one with pseudohypoparathyroidism we tested the hypothesis that in these conditions there is a defect in synthesis of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the principal active metabolite of vitamin D. In both conditions, minute doses of the metabolite (0.04 to 0.08 mug per kilogram of body weight per day) quickly corrected hypocalcemia and increased intestinal calcium absorption. On the other hand, the effective dose of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to maintain normocalcemia was 3 to 4 mug per kilogram per day in the two conditions. Thus, the dosage ratio of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 approximated 100:1. By contrast this ratio was approximately 3:1 in two infants with vitamin D deficiency, a condition in which optimal metabolism of vitamin D would be expected. These findings suggest an impaired conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in both hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism.     

25-羟基维生素D3人工完全抗原的合成与鉴定

目的:合成25-羟基维生素D3人工完全抗原,并制备抗25-羟基维生素D3的特异性抗体。方法:将25-羟基维生素D3进行化学修饰加入羧基活性基团,合成具有半抗原结构特征的25-羟基维生素D3-半琥珀酸酯。采用碳二亚胺法,将25-羟基维生素D3-半琥珀酸酯,分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,合成人工完全抗原25-羟基维生素D3-半琥珀酸酯-BSA和25-羟基维生素D3-半琥珀酸酯-OVA。通过紫外吸收光谱,SDS-PAGE和MALDI-TOF进行偶联鉴定。用25-羟基维生素D3-半琥珀酸酯-BSA免疫小鼠,获得抗25-羟基维生素D3抗体免疫血清。结果:25-羟基维生素D3-半琥珀酸酯与BSA的偶联比为(12±0.16)∶1,免疫小鼠后获得高效价(效价为6.25×10-4)的抗体,且标准品浓度在37.5～600 ng/mL范围具有显著的竞争性线性关系,检测的灵敏度为37.5 ng/mL。结论:成功合成了25-羟基维生素D3人工完全抗原,制备出25-羟基维生素D3的抗体且其线性关系显著,灵敏度较高,为进一步研制检测25-羟基维生素D3的试剂盒奠定了基础。     

Parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration in elderly patients

Summary In 50 patients of a geriatric hospital (33 women, aged 65–96 years, mean age 80 years, and 17 men, aged 68–91, mean age 78.3 years) calcium, albumin, phosphate, urea, creatinine, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were determined. Forty patients with serum creatinine levels up to 1.4 mg/dl (124 mol/l) and 10 patients with creatinine concentrations 1.5 mg/dl (132mol/l) were evaluated. In patients with normal creatinine, a positive correlation was found between parathyroid hormone and age (r=0.41;P<0.01). In patients with elevated creatinine, negative correlations were found in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and calcium (r=–0.724;P<0.05), 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D and creatinine (r=–0.79;P<0.01) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and phosphate (r=–0.87;P< 0.002). The best correlation was observed in patients with elevated serum creatinine for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and phosphate (r=–0.91;P< 0.001). The results suggest that low levels of calcium and phosphate stimulate the 1-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D even in advanced age and that the calcium metabolism of these patients is frequently disturbed. Nineteen patients had low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, indicating an insufficient supply of vitamin D or rare exposure to sunlight. In 49 of 50 patients, one ore more of the parameters of calcium metabolism were outside the normal range.Abbreviations 25-OH-D 25-hydroxyvitamin D - 1,25(OH)₂D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D - PTH parathyroid hormone Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Schm 405–407)     

25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, vitamin D intake and joint symptoms in postmenopausal women

Introduction

Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) concentrations have been associated with radiologic worsening of osteoarthritis in some reports. However, the results are mixed and few studies have evaluated associations between 25(OH) D concentrations and both total vitamin D intake and clinical joint symptoms.

Study design

Cross-sectional analyses of information from a subset of 1993 postmenopausal women obtained at baseline entry in the Women's Health Initiative Calcium plus Vitamin D clinical trial.

Main Outcome Measures

25(OH) D concentration, total vitamin D intake (diet plus supplements), presence and severity of joint pain and joint swelling.

Results

The 25(OH) D levels were commonly low with 53% having deficient (<50 nmol/L) and only 17% having sufficient (>72 nmol/L) levels. Joint pain (reported by 74%) and joint swelling (reported by 34%) were also commonly reported. 25(OH) D concentrations were modestly correlated with total vitamin D intake (R = 0.29, p < 0.0001); however, considerable variability in 25(OH) D concentrations for a given vitamin D intake was seen. In adjusted linear regression models, lower serum 25(OH) D concentrations were associated with higher average joint pain score (P = 0.01 for trend) with differences most apparent in the lowest 25(OH) D levels sextile.

Conclusions

Relatively low 25(OH) D levels and a high frequency of joint symptoms were common in this population of postmenopausal women. Total vitamin D intake was only modestly associated with 25(OH) D. Low serum 25(OH) D concentrations were associated with higher joint pain scores. These findings can inform the design of future intervention trials.     

25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism by isolated perfused rat kidney

Kidneys of adult rats were removed and perfused with semisynthetic media with the object of elucidating the separate actions of factors implicated as modulators of renal metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3). During a 3-h perfusion with 3[H]25(OH)D3, the kidney produced high yields of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) depending on whether the rat had previously been, respectively, normocalcemic, normophosphatemic, vitamin D-replete or hypocalcemic, hypophosphatemic, vitamin D-deplete. With longer perfusion (up to 12 h), kidneys from normocalcemic, normophosphatemic, vitamin D-replete rats mainly produced 24,25(OH)2D3 but also amounts of 1,25(OH)2D3. This pattern was unaltered by reducing Ca or Pi concentrations of perfusate or by adding parathyroid hormone. Kidneys of hypocalcemic, hypophosphatemic, vitamin D-deplete rats perfused with low Ca, low Pi medium for 12 h at first produced 1,25(OH)2D3 exclusively. However, 24,25(OH)2D3 appeared after 4 h and accumulated thereafter, whereas 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis ceased after 7 h, a metabolic pattern unaffected by the concentration of substrate or end products in the perfusate or by addition of cyclic AMP. The model shows promise for studying regulation of 25(OH)D3 metabolism by the kidney.     

Dairy products consumption and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in Saudi children and adults

Vitamin D deficiency is implicated in several calcium deficiency-related disease conditions. We aimed to investigate vitamin D status and its association with consumption frequencies of various dairy products in Saudi population. Subjects consisted of 820 children (327 boys; mean age 14.9 yrs and 493 girls; 14.8 yrs) and 565 adults (249 men, 27.9 yrs and 316 women 32.2 yrs). We estimated the consumption frequencies of various dairy food products (fresh milk, powdered milk, laban, yoghurt and cheese) using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire and serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D). Associations between variables of interest were assessed by Pearson correlation analysis. Among the study subjects, 80% boys, 90% girls, 64% men and 50% women had deficient/insufficient levels of vitamin D. Modest associations were found between mean serum 25 (OH) D concentration and fresh milk consumption in children (r=0.11) (especially in girls (r=0.12)), and overall dairy products consumption in women (r=0.12). Conclusion: Results indicated widespread vitamin D deficiency in Saudi Arabian children and adults. High level of vitamin D deficiency and a lack of strong correlation between dairy product consumption and serum level of vitamin D imply a need for adequate fortification of milk and other dairy products with vitamin D.     

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in early and advanced breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Laboratory and epidemiological studies have implicated vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) promotes differentiation and apoptosis, and potently inhibits proliferation of malignant breast epithelial cells in culture. Serum levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D are higher in normal women than in patients with primary breast cancer. AIM: To clarify the role of vitamin D in breast cancer progression by comparing the levels of serum vitamin D in patients with early and in those with advanced breast cancer. METHODS: Circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium were measured prospectively in 279 Caucasian women with invasive breast cancer, 204 women with early-stage disease and 75 women with locally advanced or metastatic disease. RESULTS: Patients with early-stage breast cancer had significantly higher circulating levels of 25(OH)D (p<0.005) and significantly lower PTH (p<0.001) levels than those with advanced disease. Calcium levels did not differ significantly (p = 0.74). CONCLUSION: Serum levels of 25(OH)D are significantly higher in patients with early-stage breast cancer than in those with locally advanced or metastatic disease.     

Quantification of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(2) and D(3) using HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry and examination of reference intervals for diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency

Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are important in establishing true vitamin D levels in humans. The purposes of this study were to develop a sensitive, specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for detection of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(2) and D(3) and establish reference intervals for these analytes. Chromatographic separation of 25(OH)D(2) and 25(OH)D(3) was achieved after adding deuterated Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (D(9)-THC-D(3)) and organic extraction. The 3 ions were ionized using positive electrospray ionization and detected in the multiple-reaction monitoring mode using mass (m)/charge (z) transitions of 318.15 > 196.20 (Delta(9)-THC-D(3)), 401.15 > 365.2 (25(OH)D(3)), and 413.15 > 355.20 (25(OH)D(2)). Reference interval study results were compared with current 25(OH)D recommendations. Elution of 25(OH)D(2), 25(OH)D(3), and Delta(9)-THC-D(3) was achieved after 3.0 minutes (total run time, 6.0 minutes). Within- and between-run coefficients of variation were less than 11%. Deming regression of radioimmunoassay and LC-MS/MS methods for total 25(OH)D levels yielded a slope of 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.88-1.05) and y-intercept of -1.74 ng/mL. Reference intervals were less than recommended levels (D(2), 0.0-12.1; D(3), 5.5-41.4; total vitamin D, 6.0-43.5 ng/mL [0-30, 14-103, 15-109 nmol/L, respectively]) with no statistically significant differences in race, age, or sex. This LC-MS/MS method provides a rapid, accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective alternative to other methods for detection of 25(OH)D(2) and 25(OH)D(3) at nanomolar concentrations.     

HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者血清25-羟基维生素D3的检测及临床意义

目的 探究HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者血清25-羟基维生素D3的水平变化及临床意义。方法 选取2015年3月~2018年5月81例HBeAg阴性且非肝硬化的慢性乙型肝炎患者作为观察组,依据血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）水平分为观察组A 41例（ALT处于正常水平且HBV DNA水平＜2000 IU/ml,持续时间高于6个月）和观察组B 40例（ALT处于升高水平且HBV DNA水平≥2000 IU/ml,持续时间高于6个月）。同时选取同期健康体检人群40例作为对照组。分别检测三组血清25-羟基维生素D3的浓度。结果 观察组血清25-羟基维生素D3低于健康人群,统计学意义显著（P＜0.001）,三组间比较,统计学意义显著（P＜0.001）。观察组患者血清25-羟基维生素D3与年龄、BMI、ALT、AST、Hb、WBC、PLT及AFP均无明显相关性（P＞0.05）。而与HBV DNA含量间存在显著负相关（r=-3.981,P＜0.05）。结论 HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者血清25-羟基维生素D3存在异常,并与乙肝病毒复制相关,可能参与机体和乙肝病毒的免疫反应过程。     

The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and serum lipids in the Southern Thai population

IntroductionDyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Vitamin D deficiency has been found to be associated with CVD. However, the relationships between vitamin D and lipids are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D status and serum lipids in Southern Thai subjects.Material and methodsA total of 726 healthy subjects in Southern Thailand were enrolled in the study. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose, anthropometric data, blood pressure, and body composition were measured. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and biochemical data was evaluated by partial correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. The association of serum 25(OH)D levels with dyslipidaemia was analysed using multivariate regression analysis.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and body composition parameters after adjusting for age in women. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that TC and BMI were independent predictors for 25(OH)D concentrations in women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.32–0.80, p = 0.004) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.26–0.71, p = 0.001) were significantly lower in vitamin D sufficiency when compared with hypovitaminosis D in women.ConclusionsVitamin D sufficiency could reduce risk of hypertriglyceridaemia and reduced HDL-C, particularly in women, suggesting that vitamin D sufficiency may have beneficial effects on lipids and a decreased risk for CVD in Thai women.     

Simultaneous determination of retinol, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in adipose tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A method is described for evaluation of fat-soluble vitamin in human adipose tissue with the aim to obtain, accurately and within the shortest analysis time, a time-integrated measure of exposure to vitamins from the diet. Fat tissue was deproteinized with ethanol and extracted with n-hexane. Normal-phase HPLC was performed in a Lichrosorb Si60 column with a gradient of n-hexane-2-propanol at 1 ml/min. Detection was accomplished using a diode-array system (for retinol and beta-carotene) in series with a fluorescence detector (alpha-tocopherol). The method was validated and applied to human adipose tissue in a total of 140 subjects. The mean contents found were 0.43, 0.84, 240.3 microg/g for retinol, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol, respectively. The method is sensitive enough for detecting the compounds in 1.6 mg of adipose tissue considering the lowest concentration found.     

The oxidant and antioxidant effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in liver, kidney and heart tissues of diabetic rats

Previous studies have implicated protective effects of vitamin D on insulin secretion and pancreas beta cell function. The goal of the present study is to determine if a combination therapy of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and insulin had any advantage over insulin therapy alone on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat. The lipid peroxidation product, thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), was measured to assess free radical activity in the heart, kidney and liver tissues. The enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured as indicators of antioxidation in these tissues. Sprague-Dawley rats were made diabetic with a single injection of STZ (75 mg/kg i.p.). Rats were separated into three groups, each containing 10 animals: Group 1, non-diabetic and no drug treatment was given; Group 2, diabetic rats were treated with 3 IU/day subcutaneous (s.c.) insulin; and Group 3, diabetic rats were treated with 3 IU/day (s.c.) insulin plus 1 mg/kg/day per oral (p.o.) 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 for a period of 4 weeks. At the end of the study, TBARS contents of the liver, kidney and heart tissues in Groups 2 and 3 were found to be significantly increased as compared to Group 1 (P<0.05) and kidney MDA levels in Group 3 were also significantly increased as compared to Group 2 (P<0.05). The SOD and CAT contents of the heart in Group 2 were significantly increased as compared to Groups 1 and 3 (P<0.05). GSH-Px activity was unaltered in all groups (P>0.05). We suggest that a combination of insulin with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 treatment would not be more beneficial than the use of insulin alone in antioxidant defence of diabetic liver and kidney tissues.     

Circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated and peak power output correlates with 25-hydroxyvitamin D in vitamin D insufficient adults

The purpose of this study was to identify circulating cytokines, skeletal muscle strength, and peak power output in young adults with contrasting serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Serum 25(OH)D, inflammatory cytokines, muscle strength, and peak power output were, therefore, measured in young adults (25–42 years). Data were collected during the winter to avoid the seasonal influence on serum 25(OH)D. After serum 25(OH)D concentration measurements, subjects were separated into one of two groups: (1) vitamin D insufficient [serum 25(OH)D ≤32 ng/mL, n = 14], or (2) vitamin D sufficient [serum 25(OH)D >32 ng/mL, n = 14]. Following group allocation, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) lower and pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ] were significantly (all p < 0.05) greater in vitamin D insufficient adults. An anti-inflammatory cytokine (i.e., IL-10; p > 0.05), peak isometric forces (p > 0.05), and peak power outputs (p > 0.05) were not significantly different between vitamin D groups. However, peak power outputs correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations in vitamin D insufficient (r = 0.55, p < 0.05) but not in vitamin D sufficient adults (r = ?0.27, p = 0.36). Based on these data, we conclude that vitamin D insufficiency, in part, could result in pro-inflammatory stress without altering muscular strength or function in young adults. Future research investigating the causality of the correlation between low-serum 25(OH)D and peak power output in young adults is required.     

Coronary artery vitamin D receptor expression and plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D: their association with atherosclerosis

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze coronary artery vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression, the plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3), and their relationship with coronary artery atherosclerosis. METHODS: Premenopausal cynomolgus monkeys were fed atherogenic diets containing the equivalent of 1,000 IU/day of vitamin D3. Protein was derived from casein-lactalbumin (C/L, n = 10), soy protein isolate (soy, n = 10), or a combination (n = 19). After 32 months of consuming the diets, each monkey underwent surgical menopause. After 32 postmenopausal months, coronary atherosclerosis was measured in the left circumflex (LCX) artery and left anterior descending (LAD) artery. VDR expression was determined for the LAD, and 25OHD3 concentrations were assessed. RESULTS: Both the cross-sectional area of atherosclerotic plaques (in square millimeters) and plaque thickness (in millimeters) in the LCX as well as the LAD arteries were analyzed in these monkeys. Those with higher plasma vitamin D3 concentrations and higher VDR were compared with those with higher plasma 25OHD3 concentrations and lower VDR. Significantly smaller plaque sizes were noted with higher plasma 25OHD3 concentrations and higher VDR. For the LCX artery, there was also a significantly lower plaque size (both plaque thickness and cross-sectional area) in those with higher quantities of VDR and lower 25OHD3 concentrations versus those with lower quantities of VDR and higher plasma concentrations of 25OHD3 (P = 0.009 and P = 0.040, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Cynomolgus monkeys with higher quantities of VDR have significantly less atherosclerosis than do those with lower quantities of VDR and higher plasma 25OHD3 concentrations. If these findings translate to human beings, it might explain why some individuals with higher plasma concentrations of 25OHD3 have more coronary artery atherosclerosis.     

原发性肝癌患者血清25-羟基维生素D3水平与免疫抑制因子IL-10的关系

目的 探究原发性肝癌患者血清25-羟基维生素D3[25-（OH）D3]的变化及其与免疫抑制因子IL-10的关系。方法 选取2014年2月~2019年7月于我院就诊的60例原发性肝癌患者作为疾病组,另外选择同期60名健康体检人群作为健康对照组,采用电化学发光法测定两组血清25-（OH）D3浓度,酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清IL-10浓度。Spearman法分析25-（OH）D3与IL-10间的相关性。结果 疾病组血清25-（OH）D3浓度低于健康对照组[（13.65±7.92）ng/ml vs （26.15±8.33）ng/ml],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;疾病组IL-10浓度高于健康对照组[（89.71±26.59）ng/ml vs （26.18±8.15）ng/ml],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。血清25-（OH）D3可能与淋巴结转移和肿瘤分期密切相关,与IL-10浓度呈负相关（r=-0.568,P＜0.05）。结论 原发性肝癌患者存在25-（OH）D3缺乏现象,且与肿瘤进展和免疫抑制密切相关。     

1 alpha, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 a metabolite of vitamin D that promotes bone repair.

1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the hormonal form of vitamin D3 that mediates calcium translocation in intestine and bone, was tested for its ability to promote fracture repair. Chicks were raised on a vitamin D-deficient diet supplemented with 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for 3 weeks. Following fracture of the humerus, those chicks that did not receive continued 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation showed prolonged fracture healing, abnormal enchondral bone formation delayed remodeling of woven bone and osseous union, but normal formation of callus. Fracture repair in chicks receiving 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was normal. These data indicate that 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes bone repair in the absence of vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.     

The oxidant and antioxidant effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in liver, kidney and heart tissues of diabetic rats

Abstract Previous studies have implicated protective effects of vitamin D on insulin secretion and pancreas cell function. The goal of the present study is to determine if a combination therapy of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and insulin had any advantage over insulin therapy alone on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat. The lipid peroxidation product, thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), was measured to assess free radical activity in the heart, kidney and liver tissues. The enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured as indicators of antioxidation in these tissues. Sprague-Dawley rats were made diabetic with a single injection of STZ (75 mg/kg i.p.). Rats were separated into three groups, each containing 10 animals: Group 1, non-diabetic and no drug treatment was given; Group 2, diabetic rats were treated with 3 IU/day subcutaneous (s.c.) insulin; and Group 3, diabetic rats were treated with 3 IU/day (s.c.) insulin plus 1 mg/kg/day per oral (p.o.) 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 for a period of 4 weeks. At the end of the study, TBARS contents of the liver, kidney and heart tissues in Groups 2 and 3 were found to be significantly increased as compared to Group 1 (P<0.05) and kidney MDA levels in Group 3 were also significantly increased as compared to Group 2 (P<0.05). The SOD and CAT contents of the heart in Group 2 were significantly increased as compared to Groups 1 and 3 (P<0.05). GSH-Px activity was unaltered in all groups (P>0.05). We suggest that a combination of insulin with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 treatment would not be more beneficial than the use of insulin alone in antioxidant defence of diabetic liver and kidney tissues.