Experiences from tissue microarray in soft tissue sarcomas

The tissue microarray (TMA) technology was introduced in 1998 as a tissue preserving, high-throughput technique that allows studies of multiple markers in large sample sets. TMA slides can be analyzed using techniques such as immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization and represents a powerful tool for the investigation of potential diagnostic and prognostic markers identified in DNA microarray studies. We review the TMA method, its reproducibility, advantages, limitations and future perspectives with specific focus on soft tissue sarcomas.     

Soft tissue contouring using autologous tissue for hemifacial atrophy

Summary Numerous methods for the restoration of facial symmetry in patients with hemifacial atrophy have been described. Most recently, the use of autologous tissue for augmentation has been employed. Experience gained from the use of free-tissue transplantation with microvascular anastomosis and injection of liposuctioned fat are presented in this paper. In 19 patients, reconstruction was performed using microsurgical tissue transfer, while in 3 patients, autologous fat transplantation alone was used. Indications, operative techniques together with the advantages as well as disadvantages associated with each procedure are described.     

经RNM诱导的前脂肪细胞构建组织工程化脂肪组织

目的:应用基因工程和组织工程的原理和方法,通过改造人前体脂肪细胞,提高其活性后,于裸鼠背部皮下构建组织工程化脂肪组织.方法:采用原代消化细胞培养法培养出前脂肪细胞,利用RNAi技术,诱导前脂肪细胞内的一个重要凋亡调控基因Bax基因表达沉默,然后接种到聚乳酸一乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA)支架上,种植在20只雌性裸鼠皮下,对获得的脂肪组织进行组织学评价.结果:经过改造后的前脂肪细胞活性良好,术后裸鼠全部成活,前脂肪细胞能够在支架上良好的存活,生长和增殖.结论:经过改造后的前脂肪细胞具有良好的活性,并且PLGA-前脂肪细胞复合体在裸鼠体内可形成脂肪细胞,值得进一步研究,以探索治疗软组织缺损的新途径.     

引导组织再生术用于牙周组织再生的影响因素

1982年Nyman S首先提出了引导组织再生（Guided Tissue Regeneration，GTR）的概念。引导组织再生的基本原理是用外科的方法放置一个物理屏障来选择性地分隔不同的牙周组织，即就是阻止牙龈结缔组织来源的成纤维细胞首先与根面接触，在膜与牙根之问形成楔状间隙，引导牙周膜细胞向冠方迁移生长，形成真正的牙周再生。随着GTR膜材料研究的不断深入，     

组织工程与组织器官缺损修复

创伤、肿瘤等原因造成的组织、器官缺损和功能障碍是危害人类健康的重要原因,而缺损组织、器官的修复和功能重建也是目前临床外科面临的主要难题。大面积的缺损通常都需要采用自体或异体组织、器官移植进行修复,自体移植存在着“以创伤修复创伤”的遗憾,而异体移植中供体来源不足、免疫排斥是主要的缺陷。组织工程学(tissue engineering)的提出、建立和发展,为解决这一难题提供了新的途径,它的基本原理是将少量种子细胞经体外扩增后与生物材料复合,构建出新的组织或器官,用于替代和修复病变、缺损的组织器官,重建生理功能。从20世纪80年代初…     

Distribution of thymic tissue in the mediastinal adipose tissue.

The distribution of thymic tissue in the anterior mediastinal, retrocarinal, and preaortic fat was examined histologically in 27 autopsy subjects. Thymic tissue was found in the anterior mediastinal fat in 12 subjects (44.4%), in the retrocarinal fat in two (7.4%), and in the preaortic fat in none. The finding of ectopic thymic tissue in these areas has not been reported previously, would appear to be surgically inaccessible via a median sternotomy, and may be responsible in part for some of the failures of thymectomy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.     

组织工程骨软骨复合组织构建研究进展

本文综述了近几年骨软骨组织工程研究进展。查阅近几年有关骨软骨组织工程的文献,于支架材料、信号因子、种子细胞及制备技术等方面加以总结分析。骨软骨组织工程根据仿生学理论与方法完成组织替代物的制备并对损伤或有缺陷组织进行修复,可有效恢复受损骨软骨组织的结构功能与力学特性,是一种具有长远意义的综合交叉学科。目前,骨软骨组织工程策略针对骨软骨损伤取得了一定的成果,但仍需进一步发展,最终为骨软骨损伤提供一种成熟的临床治疗方法。     

Free tissue transfer in reconstruction following soft tissue sarcoma resection

Background: Radical surgical resection remains the single‐most important treatment in the curative multimodal therapy of soft tissue sarcomas. Refinements in surgical techniques have resulted in the development of function preserving approaches increasingly avoiding limb amputation. Patients and methods: The records of all patients (n = 34) who underwent microsurgical soft tissue coverage subsequent to primary resection of soft tissue sarcoma of the upper or lower limb from 1999 to 2009 are reviewed regarding postoperative complications, time until start of adjuvant radiation and functional outcome (Toronto Extremity Salvage Score, TESS). Results: Thirty‐four patients (range: 21–86 years) received a total of 35 free flaps. Complete tumor resection was obtained in 33 patients, one patient required re‐excision ultimately resulting in tumor‐free margin status (R0 resection). Major complications were encountered in four cases including one patient with complete flap loss requiring an additional free flap and three patients with partial flap loss requiring split‐thickness skin graft procedures. Minor complications were observed in three patients (9%). Extremity salvage could be achieved in 33 patients with adequate postoperative ambulation (TESS 84 ± 18) and adequate use of the upper extremity (TESS 80 ± 22). One patient underwent amputation. Mean time until start of adjuvant radiotherapy was 37 days (range 24–56 days). Conclusion: A synergetic center‐based interdisciplinary approach is crucial in therapeutical management of soft tissue sarcomas with the aim of R0 resection status and limb preservation. Plastic surgery contributes by offering microsurgical reconstruction using free tissue transfer, thus broadening surgical possibilities. This increases the chance of both adequate oncosurgical resection and limb preservation. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2011.     

Influence of tissue nitration on tissue damage with thermal injury

A gas mediator, nitric oxide, is converted into peroxynitrite in the presence of superoxide anion. Peroxynitrite is a potent oxidant, which injures various tissues and organs by nitration of tyrosine residue in protein and enhances the inflammatory response in the prolonged phase. In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between peroxynitrite-mediated tissue nitration and tissue damage with thermal injury using an experimental burn model. The content of nitrotyrosine in the burned tissue significantly increased 1 to 6 h after injury. The nitrotyrosine content in the burned ear significantly decreased with 100 mg/kg of LNAME administration. Vascular hyperpermeability was also significantly suppressed in the iNOS antibody immunoneutralized mice 6 h after injury. There was a positive correlation between the severity of tissue damage, an indicator of which is the increase in the weight of the burned ear along with the development of edema after injury, and the concentration of nitrotyrosine in the wound tissues. Nitrotyrosine-like immune reactants were also diffusely detected in the burned region and the surrounding areas. These results indicate that peroxynitrite is produced in the surrounding burned region and a reaction of nitration of tissue tyrosine is involved with tissue damage at the burn wound. Therefore, to prevent the systemic vascular hyperpermeability and tissue damage in a large area burn or severe burn patients, the administration of NOS inhibitors or radical erasers may be easy to manage generally by inhibition of peroxynitrite formation.