后程三维适形放疗与羟基喜树碱同步化疗治疗小细胞肺癌合并脑转移临床观察

目的探讨后程三维适形放疗（3D—CRT）与羟基喜树碱（HCPT）同步化疗治疗小细胞肺癌（SCLC）合并脑转移患者的临床疗效。方法将117例SCLC脑转移患者随机分为观察组和对照组,两组前程治疗均行普通二维放疗,在全脑照射总剂量（DT）30～40Gy后,后程缩野对脑转移癌局部行3D—CRT,DT50～64Gy。观察组在放疗2～4周后静滴HCPT同步化疗。观察两组疗效及不良反应。结果观察组有效率83．1％,对照组65．5％,两组比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05）;观察组白细胞下降、恶心呕吐的发生率高于对照组,两组1、2a生存率无统计学差异。结论后程3D—CRT联合HCPT同步化疗治疗SCLC脑转移近、远期疗效较好,不良反应轻微,患者能耐受。     

后程三维适形放疗联合紫杉醇化疗治疗老年人乳腺癌伴脑转移癌的临床观察

目的 观察后程三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)联合紫杉醇同步化疗治疗老年乳腺癌伴脑转移癌患者的疗效及不良反应.方法 50例患者随机分为观察组(放疗加化疗组,26例)和对照组(单纯放疗组,24例).两组前程全脑均行普通二维放疗,在全脑照射总剂量(DT)30～40 Gy后,后程缩野对脑转移癌局部病灶行3D-CRT,每次2 Gy,每周5次,加量DT 10～24 Gy,至DT 50～64Gy.观察组在放疗2～4周期间给予紫杉醇65～85 mg/m2,静脉滴注第1、8天,同步化疗,然后继续用紫杉醇单药化疗2～4个周期(紫杉醇65～85 mg/m2,第1、8、15天静脉滴注);28 d为1周期,治疗2月后,观察两组近期疗效、不良反应及评价生活质量;随访2年评价客观疗效和生存率.结果 观察组有效率76.9%,高于对照组45.8%,两组比较有统计学差异(x2=5.120,P＜0.05).Karnofsky计分提高+稳定者观察组80.8%、对照组54.2%,观察组生活质量改善高于对照组(x2=4.059,P＜0.05);与对照组相比,观察组白细胞下降,差异有统计学意义;血小板减少、恶心呕吐、肝功能异常等不良反应发生率稍高于对照组,差异无统计学意义.两组2年生存率比较差异有统计学意义(x2=4.7260,P＜0.05).结论 后程3D-CRT联合紫杉醇单药化疗治疗老年乳腺癌伴脑转移癌患者可提高远、近期疗效,不良反应虽有所增加,但患者能耐受,值得临床上进一步推广应用.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse reaction of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) combined with chemotherapy of paclitaxel in treatment of brain metastases from breast cancer in the elderly.Methods The 50 patients were randomly divided into observation group (n=26,radiation combined with chemotherapy) and control group (n= 24,simple radiation).In the early stage,both groups received common two-dimesional conformal radiation therapy.The total dose (DT) of whole brain irradiation was 30-40 Gy.In the later stage,the reduced field for the local lesion of brain metastases would be altered to 3D-CRT for the post period with 2 Gy 5 times a week.DT was added from 10-24 Gy up to total DT of 50-64 Gy.The patients were given paclitaxel 65-85 mg/m2 by intravenous drip at 1st and 8th day with synchronization of 2-4 weeks,having paclitaxel chemotherapy of 2-4 circle,28 days a circle.After 2 month treatment,the efficacy and adverse effects of the two groups were observed.follow up for 2 years,the long-term efficacy and survival rate were evaluated.Results The effective rate was 76.9% in observation group and 45.8% in control group,respectively (x2 =5.120,P＜0.05) and the KPS score was 80.8% and 54.2%,respectively.The quality of life was improved in observation group versus control group (x2 =4.059,P＜0.05).Compared with control group,hypoleukemia was significant in observation group (P＜0.05).The complications such as nausea and vomiting,hepatic dysfunction were more in observation group than in control group,but there was no statistical significance between two groups.There was statistic ally significant difference in 2-year survival rate between two groups (x2= 4.7260,P＜0.05).Conclusions The 3D-CRT combined with paclitaxel chemotherapy is a prefered choice for locally advanced brain metastases from breast cancer.More side effects and adverse reaction are observed in observation group.However,all the patients could tolerate them.It is worthy of popularization and application.     

后程三维适形放疗联合紫杉醇化疗治疗老年人乳腺癌伴脑转移癌的临床观察

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse reaction of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) combined with chemotherapy of paclitaxel in treatment of brain metastases from breast cancer in the elderly.Methods The 50 patients were randomly divided into observation group (n=26,radiation combined with chemotherapy) and control group (n= 24,simple radiation).In the early stage,both groups received common two-dimesional conformal radiation therapy.The total dose (DT) of whole brain irradiation was 30-40 Gy.In the later stage,the reduced field for the local lesion of brain metastases would be altered to 3D-CRT for the post period with 2 Gy 5 times a week.DT was added from 10-24 Gy up to total DT of 50-64 Gy.The patients were given paclitaxel 65-85 mg/m2 by intravenous drip at 1st and 8th day with synchronization of 2-4 weeks,having paclitaxel chemotherapy of 2-4 circle,28 days a circle.After 2 month treatment,the efficacy and adverse effects of the two groups were observed.follow up for 2 years,the long-term efficacy and survival rate were evaluated.Results The effective rate was 76.9% in observation group and 45.8% in control group,respectively (x2 =5.120,P＜0.05) and the KPS score was 80.8% and 54.2%,respectively.The quality of life was improved in observation group versus control group (x2 =4.059,P＜0.05).Compared with control group,hypoleukemia was significant in observation group (P＜0.05).The complications such as nausea and vomiting,hepatic dysfunction were more in observation group than in control group,but there was no statistical significance between two groups.There was statistic ally significant difference in 2-year survival rate between two groups (x2= 4.7260,P＜0.05).Conclusions The 3D-CRT combined with paclitaxel chemotherapy is a prefered choice for locally advanced brain metastases from breast cancer.More side effects and adverse reaction are observed in observation group.However,all the patients could tolerate them.It is worthy of popularization and application.     

后程三维适形放疗联合紫杉醇化疗治疗老年人乳腺癌伴脑转移癌的临床观察

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse reaction of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) combined with chemotherapy of paclitaxel in treatment of brain metastases from breast cancer in the elderly.Methods The 50 patients were randomly divided into observation group (n=26,radiation combined with chemotherapy) and control group (n= 24,simple radiation).In the early stage,both groups received common two-dimesional conformal radiation therapy.The total dose (DT) of whole brain irradiation was 30-40 Gy.In the later stage,the reduced field for the local lesion of brain metastases would be altered to 3D-CRT for the post period with 2 Gy 5 times a week.DT was added from 10-24 Gy up to total DT of 50-64 Gy.The patients were given paclitaxel 65-85 mg/m2 by intravenous drip at 1st and 8th day with synchronization of 2-4 weeks,having paclitaxel chemotherapy of 2-4 circle,28 days a circle.After 2 month treatment,the efficacy and adverse effects of the two groups were observed.follow up for 2 years,the long-term efficacy and survival rate were evaluated.Results The effective rate was 76.9% in observation group and 45.8% in control group,respectively (x2 =5.120,P＜0.05) and the KPS score was 80.8% and 54.2%,respectively.The quality of life was improved in observation group versus control group (x2 =4.059,P＜0.05).Compared with control group,hypoleukemia was significant in observation group (P＜0.05).The complications such as nausea and vomiting,hepatic dysfunction were more in observation group than in control group,but there was no statistical significance between two groups.There was statistic ally significant difference in 2-year survival rate between two groups (x2= 4.7260,P＜0.05).Conclusions The 3D-CRT combined with paclitaxel chemotherapy is a prefered choice for locally advanced brain metastases from breast cancer.More side effects and adverse reaction are observed in observation group.However,all the patients could tolerate them.It is worthy of popularization and application.     

全脑联合三维适形放疗治疗脑转移瘤疗效观察

23例脑转移瘤患者,先行全脑放疗(30 Gy),再针对残留病灶进行三维适形放疗(50～60 Gy).结果 23例患者当放疗结束后症状均有不同程度缓解,缓解率达100%,近期疗效达95.65%;除1例乳腺癌和3例肺癌患者治疗后5～6个月因出现肝脏、骨等多处转移衰竭而死亡外,余仍存活,其中2例已存活15个月,17例已存活8～10个月,4例已存活5个月.认为全脑放疗联合后程三维适形放疗能缓解患者临床症状,延长生存期.     

三维适形放疗同步化疗治疗中晚期食管癌的疗效与安全性观察

目的观察三维适形放疗同步化疗治疗中晚期食管癌的疗效与安全性。方法选择67例不能手术的食管癌患者,采用三维适形放射治疗（3D-CRT）同步化疗,化疗先采用DP方案：多西紫杉醇75mg／m^2,第1天;顺铂40mg／m^2,第1、2、3天,21d为一周期,共化疗2个周期,放疗结束后继续化疗4个周期。放疗从第1天开始,DT60-66Gy,分30～33次进行,6～6．5周完成。结果完全缓解39例,部分缓解22例,有效率91．0％;1、2、38局部控制率分别为80．5％、73．1％、46．2％;1、2、3a生存率分别为83．5％、77．6％、52．2％。毒副反应主要为白细胞下降、血小板下降和放射性食管炎,均以Ⅰ-Ⅱ度为主;放射性肺炎发生率较低,且均为Ⅰ-Ⅱ度。结论采用DP方案化疗同步3D-CRT治疗食管癌的近期疗效和局部控制率较好,可以提高患者生存率,虽然毒副反应增加,但患者基本可以耐受。     

适形放疗、同步化疗加羟基喜树碱热灌注化疗治疗晚期膀胱癌的临床观察

目的 观察三维适形放疗（3D—CRT）、同步化疗加羟基喜树碱热灌注化疗治疗晚期膀胱癌的临床疗效及不良反应。方法将37例晚期膀胱癌患者随机分为两组,均采用3D—CRT加GC方案（吉西他滨＋顺铂）化疗,观察组加用羟基喜树碱热灌注化疗。放射治疗结束1个月后,比较两组近期疗效及不良反应;随访2a,评价远期疗效和生存率。结果观察组有效率高于对照组（P〈0．05）。观察组白细胞下降、血小板减少、恶心呕吐、肝功能异常等不良反应发生率稍高于对照组,但无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。两组2a生存率比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论3D—CRT、同步化疗加羟基喜树碱热灌注化疗治疗晚期膀胱癌疗效较好,可明显提高近期疗效,不良反应稍有增加,但患者能耐受,未能提高患者的生存率。     

三维适形放疗、同步化疗加热疗治疗中晚期胰腺癌疗效观察

目的探讨三维适形放疗（3-DCRT）、同步化疗加热疗治疗中晚期胰腺癌疗效及安全性。方法将50例中晚期胰腺癌患者随机分为两组,观察组采用放化疗加热疗,对照组采用放化疗,两组放化疗方法相同。放疗结束1个月后,比较两组近期临床疗效、疼痛疗效及不良反应情况。结果观察组疼痛疗效优于对照组（P〈0．05）,近期临床疗效与对照组无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;两组不良反应相似,患者均能耐受。结论3-DCRT、同步化疗加热疗治疗中晚期胰腺癌疗效较好,热疗对放、化疗有增敏作用,可明显改善患者的生活质量,且不良反应患者能耐受,是治疗中晚期胰腺癌较好的姑息疗法。     

三维适形放疗治疗食管癌放疗后复发42例疗效观察

对42例食管癌放疗后复发患者采用三维适形放射治疗,结果近期有效率84％,0．5、1、2、3a的生存率分别为64．3％、52．4％、28,6％、11,9％。提示三维适形放射治疗对食管癌放疗后复发患者有较好的近期疗效,其早期并发症较低,且患者多可耐受。     

直肠癌术前同步放化疗36例疗效观察

对36例直肠癌患者术前予以低剂量草酸铂加5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)化疗联合同步放疗,放疗结束后4周手术。结果同步放化疗后22.2%患者肿块完全消失,19.4%病理学完全缓解。72.2%肿块缩小,手术切除率100%,保肛率增加13.9%,局部复发率为11.1%,不良反应均在可耐受范围。认为直肠癌术前同步放化疗为较好的综合治疗措施。     

后程三维适形放疗联合吉非替尼治疗老年非小细胞肺癌伴脑转移癌的疗效

目的 观察放疗联合吉非替尼治疗老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)伴脑转移癌的疗效及不良反应,评价生活质量.方法 46例患者,分为观察组24例和对照组22例,均行后程3D-CRT,观察组加服吉非替尼250mg,1次/d,直到疾病进展、死亡或发生不可耐受的不良反应.放疗结束1个月后,观察两组近期疗效、不良反应及评价生活质量,随访2年评价远期疗效.结果 观察组有效率(50.0%)稍高于对照组(40.9%),但两组比较也无统计学差异(P>0.05).观察组皮疹、恶心呕吐、腹泻、白细胞下降、肝功能异常等不良反应发生率稍高于对照组,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).观察组KPS评分有效79.2%(19/24),高于对照组[50.0%(11/22)],两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).两组1、2年生存率比较有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论 放疗联合吉非替尼治疗NSCLC伴脑转移癌疗效优于单用放疗,不良反应稍有增加,但患者能耐受.     

参芪扶正注射液配合适形放疗及同步化疗治疗老年非小细胞肺癌脑转移的临床观察

目的 观察参芪扶正注射液配合后程三维适形放疗(3D-CRT) 同步紫杉醇(paclitaxel)化疗治疗老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)伴脑转移癌的疗效及不良反应.方法 38例患者随机分为观察组(20例)和对照组(18例),观察组加用参芪扶正注射液250 ml,1次/d,静脉滴注,第1～21天,28 d为1个周期,至少用药2个周期以上.两组均行后程三维适形放疗同步紫杉醇化疗,间隔3 w后用紫杉醇+顺铂(TP)方案化疗2～6个周期,28 d为一周期;用参芪扶正注射液2个周期后,观察两组疗效及不良反应.结果 观察组有效率(CR+PR)(75.0%)高于对照组(66.7%),但两组比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).观察组Karnofsky计分提高+稳定者占80.0%(16/20)高于对照组44.4%(8/18),两组相比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).观察组白细胞下降、血小板减少、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生率低于对照组,两组相比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).两组1、2 年生存率比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 参芪扶正注射液配合后程3D-CRT 同步紫杉醇化疗治疗老年NSCLC脑转移能改善患者生活质量、减轻不良反应.     

结直肠癌术前、后化疗与手术总体治疗的临床研究

目前，手术治疗仍为结直肠癌最有效的首选治疗方法，但五年成活率仍在５０％左右．为了提高结直肠癌的治愈率，我们对１９９００１／１９９３１２在我院住院的２４９例患者进行了化疗手术化疗的总体治疗对比研究，现报告如下．１　材料和方法１．１　材料　１９９００１／１９９３１２经病理证实为结直肠癌的住院患者，年龄在７０岁以下，无远处转移者，共２４９例．全部患者均接受了结直肠癌根治性切除术．术毕４０００ｍＬ无菌蒸馏水清洗腹腔后，腹内置入８０ｍｇ顺铂作腹腔化疗．切除的标本均行病理检查．对ＤｕｋｅｓＢ２和Ｃ期…     

国产培美曲塞联合顺铂并同步或序贯脑放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移的疗效

目的 探讨国产培美曲塞联合顺铂全身化疗并同步或序贯脑放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)脑转移患者的疗效与毒副反应.方法 分析2005年1月至2010年1月NSCLC脑转移患者46例,其中23例接受培美曲塞联合顺铂全身化疗同步脑放疗(同步组),23例采用培美曲塞联合顺铂全身化疗序贯脑放疗(序贯组).结果 共45例患者完成治疗,全身病灶的总体客观缓解率(ORR)为24.4％;脑转移灶的ORR为33.3％,中位无进展生存期(PFS)为3.67个月,中位生存期(MST)为16.7个月,1年和2年总生存率分别为56％和25.4％.同步组和序贯组全身病灶的总体ORR分别为22.7％和26.1％,脑转移灶的ORR分别为40.9％和26.1％,中位PFS分别为4个月和5个月,MST分别为17个月和14个月,差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).同步组和序贯组的1年生存率分别为56.7％和50.8％ (P ＞0.05),2年生存率分别为38.4％和20.1％,同步组明显优于序贯组(P=0.009).序贯组的白细胞减少的发生率低于同步组(P =0.026);其他毒副反应的发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 国产培美曲塞联合顺铂全身化疗并同步脑放疗治疗NSCLC脑转移可以取得较好疗效,且患者耐受性良好.     

中药联合化疗治疗直肠癌术后26例临床观察

自１９９５～１９９７年,笔者用中药联合化疗治疗２６例直肠癌术后患者,在化疗中无明显毒副作用发生,现报告如下。１　资料与方法１．１　临床资料：２６例患者均为在我院普外科经病理检查确诊且行手术治疗１个月后转至我科进行化疗的患者,其中男１９例,女７例,年龄３４～８３岁,平均５８岁。临床病理分期按ＵＩＣＣ制定的ＴＮＭ分期方案,其中Ⅲ期１８例,Ⅳ期８例。１．２　治疗方法：２６例患者根据病理检查结果均选用５－氟尿嘧啶（５－Ｆｕ）单一化疗方案,开始５－Ｆｕ１．０ｇ静脉滴注,每日１次,连用５ｄ后,减半量,隔日１…     

全脑照射联合三维适形放疗治疗乳腺癌脑转移瘤疗效观察

目的观察全脑照射联合三维适形放疗（3DCRT）治疗乳腺癌脑转移瘤的疗效。方法将乳腺癌脑转移瘤37例分为两组,联合组21例先行全脑照射,局部病灶缩野时针对脑部可见病灶行3DCRT,对照组16例仅针对脑部可见病灶行3DCRT,治疗后每2—3个月行影像学检查。结果对照组局控率59％,1a生存率为43％,联合组局控率75％,1a生存率为41％。两组局控率比较P〈0．05,1a生存率比较P〉0．05。结论全脑照射联合3DCRT可提高局部控制情况,但对生存期的延长无益。     

食管癌后程加速超分割三维适形放疗与食管癌后程加速超分割放疗的疗效评价

目的 评价后程加速超分割三维适形放疗与食管癌后程超分割放疗的疗效。方法 将54例食管鳞癌患者前瞻随机分组至后程加速超分割三维适形放疗（LCAH3DCRT）组和后程加速超分割放疗（LCAHRT）组。放疗方法均为前2／3天疗程普通模拟机定位常规放疗40Gy，后1／3疗程LCAH3DCRT组改为CT模拟定位加速超分割三维适形放疗（1．6Gy／次，2次／d，5d／周，20-28Gy），总剂量为60-68Gy，全疗程37-40天；LCAHRT组加速超分割放疗至上述相当剂量。结果 LCAH3DCRT组和LCAHRT组5年生存率分别为31％和22％，LCAH3DCRT组生存率高于LCAHRT组（P=0．028）；3、4、5年无瘤生存率分别为34％、32％、31％和28％、26％、21％，LCAH3DCRT组无瘤生存率均高于LCAHRT组（P值均〈0．05）。LCAH3DCRT组和LCAHRT组1、2、3、4、5年局部控制率分别为78％、73％、61％、59％、56％和58％、37％、30％、28％、25％，LCAH3DCRT组局部控制率高于LCAHRT组（P值均〈0.05）。结论 后程加速超分割三维适形放疗可作为食管癌的首选方法之一，它提高了5年生存率和局部控制率。     

直肠癌术后腹腔灌注并髂内动脉置泵化疗的临床观察

目的观察直肠癌术后不同方法、不同途径化疗用药对患者的生存及愈后的影响．方法选择无手术及化疗禁忌证的直肠癌患者103例，随机分组．实验组52例，于术中分别置腹腔引流管和髂内动脉化疗泵，自术后d5开始将5－FU750mg，DDP60mg～80mg，MMC6mg～10mg、地塞米松10mg～20mg，2％利多卡因10mL～15mL等溶于生理盐水1．5L～2．0L中，自腹腔引流管注入，1次／d连用3d～5d．并于术后1mo将5－FU500mg，MMC6mg自化疗系注入，1次／wk，连用4wk为一疗程，休息10mo后重复．对照组51例，术后常规行静脉辅助化疗，方案同实验组化疗泵用药．结果术后定期对患者进行随访复查，实验组治疗期间造血系统抑制及消化道反应明显轻于对照组，实验组有2例局部复发（3．8％），5例发生肝转移（9．6％）；对照组9例局部复发（17．6％），13例肝转移（25．4％）；实验组3a生存率78．8％（41／52），5a生存率69．2％（36／52）；对照组3a生存率60．8％（31／51），5a生存率49．0％（25／51），以上各种指标经X平方检验统计学处理，具有显著性差异（P值均＜0．05）．结论术后腹腔灌注加髂内动脉置泵化疗对减少直肠腔术后复发、转移和提高患者的生存率具有显著性效果．     

羟基喜树碱联合化疗治疗晚期消化道恶性肿瘤38例

目的应用羟基喜树碱联合化疗治疗晚期消化道恶性肿瘤．方法在食管癌、胃癌、大肠癌联合化疗方案中，HCPT每次剂量为20mp，每周期2次21d1周期，3周期为1疗程，总量为120mg．在化疗前15min静注枢丹8mg，化疗后肌注苯海拉明20mp；使用顺铂时水化，运用大剂量氨甲喋吟与5-氮脲嘧啶时，以甲酞四氢叶酸钙解毒，同时碱化尿液．结果38例患者均完成了1个疗程化疗，有效率为：食管癌44．4％，胃癌42．9％，大肠癌37．5％．临床观察表明：HCPT在晚期消化道肿瘤联合化疗中，若运用合理，可获得满意疗效，其毒副反应主要表现为Ⅱ°血象下降及轻度的消化道反应，结论HCPT价格低廉，疗效确切，毒副反应较轻．因此，合理的HCPT联合化疗方案在晚期消化道肿瘤化疗中具有重要应用价值．