Studies on the syntheses and reaction of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds centered the naphthyridines

1, X-Naphthyridines (X = 5, 6, and 8) (1-3) were synthesized in a high yield by the Skraup reactions of 4-, 3-, and 2-aminopyridines with glycerol, in the presence of ferrous sulfate and boric acid. The improved syntheses were applied to the syntheses of 1,5-, 1,6-, and 1,8-naphthyridines (4-28), pyridonaphthyridines (31, 32), benzonaphthyridines (38-42), naphthonaphthyridines (44, 48, 49, 59). New synthetic methods of naphtho[1,2-b or 2,1-b][1,8]naphthyridine (62, 63), benzo[b][1,8]naphthyridine (41) and benzo[g]quinoline (67) were developed and their compounds obtained conveniently. Reissert reaction of 1,6-naphthyridine (2) using triethylbenzylammonium chloride (TEBA) produced Reissert compounds and ring-opened compounds. Reissert reaction of 1,7-naphthyridine (29), 4,7- (87), 4,6-phenanthroline (38) gave the Reissert compounds, and the compounds (2, 38) gave their pseudo bases (79, 90). Reissert-type reactions of benzo[f]quinoline (68), and 1,7-phenanthroline (105) with acyl chloride and phosphite, gave alpha- and gamma-phosphonate, and 87 produced alpha,alpha'-(108a-c) and alpha,gamma'-diphosphonates (109a-c). The structure of 108c-1 was determined to be trans-type by an X-ray analysis. Compounds 1-3, 29, and benzo[f or h]quinoline were treated with dimetyl sulfoxide in the presence of sodium hydride to give mainly methylated compounds at the position para to the ring-nitrogen. When benzo[f or h]quinoline N-oxide was treated with methylsulfinylmethyl carbanion in the usual procedure, a new reaction took place to produce phenanthrene in an excellent yield. The same reaction of 1,10-, 1,7-, or 4,7-phenanthroline N-oxides (143-145) resulted in the liberation of the N-oxide group to form benzo[f or h]quinoline, but isoquinoline N-oxide afforded to benzazepine derivatives (161). Reaction of quinaldine with methylsulfinylmethyl carbanion gave novel tricyclic compound (121a). The oxidation of 41, 62, and 63 with peroxy acids afforded novel products such as seven-membered 1,4-oxazepine derivatives.