原发性小肠肿瘤305例临床分析

目的总结原发性小肠肿瘤的诊断与治疗经验。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的305例原发性小肠肿瘤的诊断与治疗。结果良性肿瘤42例,恶性肿瘤263例;良、恶性之比为1:6.26。恶性肿瘤主要包括腺癌(135例)、恶性间质瘤(57例)、恶性淋巴瘤(37例)和类癌(20例)等,其临床表现大多为非特异性及症状不典型。慢性隐匿性失血、隐匿体重下降及脐周隐痛(三隐症状)是小肠肿瘤的常见症状,也是小肠肿瘤早期诊断的警示信号。小肠肿瘤术前确诊率为57.0%(174/305),其中十二指肠肿瘤的确诊率为67.2%(92/137);空、回肠为51.9%(82/168)。42例良性肿瘤患者行局部或肠段切除;263例恶性肿瘤患者中,153例行根治术,34例行姑息性切除或减瘤荷手术,76例行捷径及取活组织检查手术。153例根治性切除术的患者,中位生存时间为92个月,明显优于姑息性切除术或减瘤荷手术者。结论全消化道钡剂造影和内窥镜检查及肠系膜上动脉造影是诊断和定位原发性小肠肿瘤的主要手段,早期治疗是提高小肠恶性肿瘤预后的关键,凡无远处转移的患者,应积极施行根治手术。     

原发性小肠肿瘤的诊断(附132例临床分析)

目的 探讨原发性小肠肿瘤的术前诊断问题。方法 对经手术病理证实的１３２例原发性小肠肿瘤进行回顾性分析,其中小肠良性肿瘤３７例,恶性肿瘤９５例。结果 术前诊断为小肠肿瘤６１例（４６．２％）。诊断方法依靠消化道造影３４例,纤维内镜检查加活检１３例,赞扬生动脉造影１１例,ＣＴ３例,余均经手术后病理学检查确诊。结论 小肠分段造影和赞扬生动脉造影是原发性小肠肿瘤特别是空、回肠肿瘤的重要诊断手段;纤维内镜检查     

小肠间质瘤临床诊断和治疗

目的探讨小肠间质瘤(GIST)的诊断和治疗。方法对我院1999年1月~2004年4月收治的16例小肠GIST患者的临床表现、手术处理及病理结果进行回顾性分析。结果全组平均发病年龄53岁。发病至就诊时间为半个月至5年不等。首诊主要表现为黑便、腹部不适、腹部肿块,发生部位为空肠5例,回肠8例,空、回肠均有3例。术前5例行DSA检查,诊断小肠肿瘤4例;11例行CT检查,均发现腹腔占位,诊断小肠肿瘤7例;全消化道造影检查8例,发现小肠受压2例。均行手术治疗,其中4例在腹腔镜下完成。手术标本均经病理及免疫组化证实。12例随访时间6个月至5年,平均随访27.3个月,4例失访。其中根治性切除9例,复发2例,均再次手术,仍健在;腹腔镜下小肠肠段切除术4例均无复发。结论小肠GIST缺乏特征性临床表现,DSA检查和CT检查对诊断有一定帮助,但术前确诊率较低,其确诊依赖病理结果。目前小肠GIST的治疗仍以手术切除为主,对复发或远处转移者应积极再次手术,可延长生存期。     

选择性血管造影对小肠平滑肌瘤的诊断价值

目的：分析选择性血管造影中小肠平滑肌瘤的X线表现,探讨小肠血管造影对小肠平滑肌瘤的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析1995年6月～2005年6月我院应用数字减影机进行选择性血管造影并经手术病理证实的17例小肠平滑肌瘤的造影征象。结果：小肠平滑肌瘤血管造影主要征象为：供血动脉增粗;肿瘤血管丰富,呈“蜘蛛网”状;肿瘤实质显色浓密;引流静脉增粗早显;有血管池,瘤体大者恶性肿瘤可能性大。结论：选择性血管造影对小肠平滑肌瘤的诊断明显优于钡剂造影和内镜检查,可作为诊断小肠平滑肌瘤的首选方法。     

原发性十二指肠腺癌根治40例临床分析

目的探讨原发性十二指肠腺癌(PAD)的诊断和根治术术式选择。方法对我院1985—2002年经手术切除治疗的40例PAD的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果PAD发病率低,临床表现缺乏特异性,术前内镜确诊率为95%,胃肠X线气钡造影为67%,磁共振胰胆管造影为72.2%,B超为37.5%,MRI/CT为60%。肿瘤位于十二指肠第2段占72.5%。30例行胰十二指肠切除,10例行十二指肠节段切除,切除术后5年生存率分别为47%和43%。结论内镜和X线气钡双重造影是诊断PAD的主要检查方法。早期诊断和根治手术是提高切除率和疗效的主要途径。     

小肠间质瘤术前诊断分析

目的 分析小肠间质瘤(SIST)的术前诊断方法.方法 对21例经手术病理证实的SIST患者的术前超声、CT等诊断情况进行分析.结果 21例超声发现肿瘤18例,诊断为肠道肿瘤8例;17例CT检查发现肿瘤17例,诊断为小肠及肠道肿瘤8例;10例消化道造影发现肿瘤6例,确定小肠肿瘤2例;2例小肠内窥镜确定肿瘤2例.结论 CT、超声检查是SIST定位诊断,确定病变范围的可靠方法.消化道造影及小肠内镜检查可进一步确定肿瘤来源.     

原发性小肠肿瘤64例临床分析

目的 探讨原发性小肠肿瘤的临床特点，提高对本病的诊治水平。方法 对我院1985年～2003年手术治疗的64例原发性小肠肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 64例小肠肿瘤中，良性肿瘤20例(31.2％)，恶性肿瘤44例(68．8％)。良性肿瘤以平滑肌瘤为多，占39％(9／20)；恶性肿瘤以腺癌和淋巴瘤为多，分别占40．9％(18／44)和36．4％(16／44)。腹痛、腹部肿块、肠梗阻、便血及黄疸是小肠肿瘤最常见的临床表现。本组术前确诊23例，仅占35．9％。纤维内镜检查、十二指肠低张造影对十二指肠肿瘤检出率高；小肠分段造影和选择性动脉造影是空、回肠肿瘤的重要诊断方法。结论 原发性小肠肿瘤临床表现无特异性，诊断关键在于提高警惕，并选用合适的影像学检查以确诊。手术是治疗本病的主要方法。     

原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的诊治及预后分析

目的:探讨原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的诊治及预后。方法:采用回顾性分析的方法,选取2008年1月至2013年2月我院收治的原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤患者90例,收集患者的临床资料并进行比较分析。对比患者的诊断方法、外科治疗情况、预后以及影响预后的因素。结果:90例患者中,腺癌57例（63.33%）、恶性间质瘤20例（22.22%）、类癌7例（7.78%）、其他肿瘤6例（6.67%）;术前B超检出率为24.39%（10/41）,腹部增强CT检出率为53.33%（48/90）,十二指肠低张造影检出率为84.00%（21/25）,十二指肠镜检出率为90.36%（75/83）;90例患者均接受了手术治疗,其中60例行胰十二指肠切除术,9例行十二指肠节段性切除,3例行胃大部分切除术并十二指肠球部肿瘤切除术,18例行姑息短路手术。90例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为81.11%（73/90）、55.56%（50/90）、31.11%（28/90）。单因素回归分析显示,患者术后的生存率与手术方式、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤浸润深度以及淋巴转移情况有关（P<0.05）;多因素Cox回归分析显示,手术方式、肿瘤浸润深度以及淋巴转移均为影响患者预后的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论:原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤具有多样的临床表现,十二指肠镜检查以及低张造影均为其有效的诊断方法。手术切除是原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的主要治疗方法,手术方式、肿瘤浸润深度以及淋巴转移均为影响患者预后的独立危险因素。     

全肠造影CT检查对肠道肿瘤诊断价值的研究

目的 评价全肠造影ＣＴ检查对肠道肿瘤诊断的价值。方法 口服稀碘糖溶液小肠造影即时肛门充氧气大肠造影进行ＣＴ检查，即全肠造影ＣＴ检查。材料选择全肠造影ＣＴ检查Ｘ线气钡双重对比造影、内镜等检查齐全，且有手术和病理证实的４０例肠肿瘤患者进行分析。结果 输出最小病灶小肠为０．７ｃｍ，大肠为０．４ｃｍ，结、直肠癌术前与术后的临床病理分期符合率达７０％，良恶性诊断复合率为８７．５％区域淋巴结转移诊断复合率为８     

原发性小肠肿瘤50例报告

原发性小肠肿瘤发病率较低，早期症状多不典型。诊断比较困难。现将我院收治的原发性小肠肿瘤50例报道如下。50例原发小肠肿瘤均经手术和病理证实，其部位与类型见下表。本组病例均做了手术治疗，29例行肿瘤肠段切除；13例行肿瘤局部切除；4例因病变位于末端，行右半结肠切除；恶性淋巴瘤术后均做了化疗加放疗。本组共收治小肠肿瘤50例，占同期全部胃肠道肿瘤的8．7％。其中良性肿瘤24例，占48％，恶性肿瘤26例占52％。恶性肿瘤发生部位以回肠、空肠多见。组织学类型以各种肉瘤多见，其次为癌。原发性小脸肿瘤早期缺乏特异性症状，易造成误…     

原发性小肠恶性肿瘤的诊治

目的探讨原发性小肠恶性肿瘤临床表现的共同规律和有效的诊断方法及治疗措施,以利早期诊断与提高疗效。方法对７５例原发性小肠恶性肿瘤进行分析,生存率计算用寿命表法,生存分析用ＣＯＸ模型。结果１３例做Ｘ线胃肠钡餐检查,诊断准确率达８４．６％。根治性切除术后１,３,５年生存率分别为８７．５％、６８．７％和４８．１％,姑息性切除术后１,３,５年生存率分别为５７．９％、３３．８％和２４．１％。用ＣＯＸ模型对各临床因素进行预后分析,选入模型的因素有年龄、组织学类型、肿瘤部位和手术方式。结论Ｘ线胃肠钡餐检查是最有价值的诊断方法。根治性手术切除是最有效的治疗手段。影响原发性小肠恶性肿瘤预后的因素有年龄、组织学类型、肿瘤部位和手术方式,而化学治疗意义不大。     

原发性小肠肿瘤121例临床分析

目的 加强对原发性小肠肿瘤临床表现、诊断技术及病理类型的认识.方法 回顾性分析121例原发性小肠肿瘤患者的临床资料.结果 121例患者主要临床表现依次为腹痛、贫血、消化道出血、黄疸、消瘦、呕吐、腹部包块、发热.原发部位为十二指肠者74例(61.2％)、空肠28例(23.1％)、回肠19例(15.7％).确诊方法包括ERCP和外科手术.121例患者中,恶性肿瘤占85.1％( 103/121),以腺癌、恶性间质瘤常见;良性肿瘤占13.2％( 16/121),腺瘤常见;交界性间质瘤占1.7％ (2/121).结论 原发性小肠肿瘤最常见临床表现为腹痛、贫血,且大部分为恶性肿瘤,ERCP和外科手术可以确诊;加强对其认识有望提高早期诊断率.     

Primary tumor of the small intestine--analysis of 102 patients

102 patients with primary tumors of the small intestine proved by pathology in our hospital from 1964 to 1983 are reported. It made up 4% of primary gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms during this period. Of the 102 patients, 32 were benign tumors, comprising 11.3% of all benign tumors of the GI tract. There were 70 malignant tumors, constituting 3.1% of all malignant tumors of the GI tract. Leiomyomas were very common in benign tumors while malignant lymphomas and carcinomas were predominant in malignant neoplasms. The main clinical manifestations were abdominal pain, mass, obstruction and GI hemorrhage. Eight patients were complicated with perforation, 6 of them were malignant tumors. Multiple lesions were found in 22 and 16 of them were malignant tumors. Only 29.3% of primary tumors of the small intestine could be demonstrated by barium X-ray examination. Correct diagnosis was made preoperatively in 13.7% of all patients. Resectability and operative mortality rates in malignant tumors were 70% and 12.9%, respectively, 62.3% of the patients were followed with an overall 5-year survival rate of 36.9% (malignant lymphoma 62.5% and leiomyosarcoma or carcinoma (18.2%). The 5-year survival rate was 43.8% after radical operation and 38.9% after palliative operation. The overall 10-year survival rate was 16.2%. One patient with lymphosarcoma is alive 21.5 years after operation. The reasons of the low incidence, the high misdiagnosis rate and the related aspects of diagnosis and treatment of this tumor are discussed.     

Primary tumors of the small bowel: A clinicopathological study of 58 cases

Various reviews documenting the rarity, diagnostic problems, and poor survival statistics prompted this retrospective clinicopathological study of 58 cases of primary small bowel tumors, periampullary and mesenteric tumors excluded, over a 14-year period between 1966 and 1979 inclusive. Of these cases 36 were male and 22 were female, ranging in age from 13 to 65 years. Initially, the symptoms were vague and ill defined. Prominent clinical features were: intermittent abdominal pain (64%), loss of weight (62%), abdominal lump (53%), and chronic bleeding (7%). Routine barium meal examination and laboratory investigations were not helpful in preoperative diagnosis. Of these tumors 28 were benign and 30 malignant, with the commonest benign and malignant tumors being leiomyoma and lymphoma, respectively. The commonest site of involvement was the ileum both for benign and malignant lesions. None of the benign tumors was found in the duodenum. All patients with benign tumors, discovered either at laparotomy for intestinal obstruction or during surgical procedures for other diseases, had excision of the tumor through enterotomy or resection of small bowel with end-to-end anastomosis. Of 30 patients with malignant tumors, 12 underwent resection of the growth and end-to-end anastomosis. Of the remaining 18 unresectable cases, 7 had by-pass procedures and 11 had only biopsy. All patients of benign tumors are well without any gastrointestinal symptoms. All the malignant cases, except three cases of adenocarcinoma and two of lymphoma who underwent resection, died within 5 years. The 5-year survival of only 8.6% in malignant tumors indicates the necessity of an early exploratory laparotomy in doubtful cases with vague abdominal symptoms. A bold interventionist approach should improve the otherwise dismal outlook of malignant small bowel tumors.     

双气囊小肠镜对小肠疾病诊断与治疗的应用体会

目的:探讨双气囊电子镜在小肠疾病诊断价值和治疗的安全性。方法:对110例疑似小肠疾病患者均采用静脉麻醉下进行双气囊电子镜检查,记录检查阳性率、诊断结果及并发症等情况。结果:110例患者共确诊91例,阳性率:82.7%(91/110);不明原因的小肠出血70例,占85.4%（70/82）。其中克罗恩病25例,占病例总数的22.7%,小肠间质瘤13例(11.8%),发现1例间质瘤恶变,小肠癌6例(5.5%),血管疾病共11例(10.0%),多发性溃疡12例（10.9%）,非特异性炎症例9例(8.2%),小肠息肉5例(4.6%),肠结核2例(1.8%),小肠憩室2例(1.8%),小肠淋巴滤泡增生2例(1.8%),小肠脂肪瘤2例(1.8%),空肠黏膜缺损1例(0.9%),十二指肠乳头癌1例(0.9%)。3例血管疾病患者进行了止血治疗。对4例小肠息肉患者进行了镜下切除及行APC治疗。24例患者进行了全胃肠检查,患者可以很好的耐受检查。结论:双气囊电子镜能够安全地检查全小肠及诊断各种疾病,并能安全有效地进行内镜下治疗。     

Primary neoplasms of the small bowel.

Primary neoplasms of the small bowel are unusual and constitute 1-5% of all gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. Preoperative diagnostic difficulties, frequent dissemination at the time of the diagnosis, and poor prognosis are characteristic of this pathology. During a period of 26 years we treated 61 patients with tumors of the small bowel, 44 malignant and 18 benign (1 patient had both). The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (62%), weight loss (41%), and gastro-intestinal bleeding (31%). More than half of the patients were treated as emergencies and among the remaining, the most useful diagnostic test was the small intestinal barium study. Seventeen patients were operated on for intestinal obstruction, 6 of them due to intussusception of the tumor, while 8 other patients presented with perforation and 7 with massive gastrointestinal bleeding. Leiomyoma was the most frequent benign lesion. Among malignancies lymphoma was encountered in 38.6%, followed by adenocarcinoma (29.6%) and leiomyosarcoma (22.8%). Lymphoma was predominant among Sephardic Jews. Curative procedures were attempted in all but one of the benign cases and in 21 of the malignant cases. At the time of surgery metastases were present in 23 patients. The postoperative mortality was high (20% and 14% in the benign and malignant groups, respectively) most probably due to the high incidence of emergency surgery in a high risk population. The prognosis of the malignant tumors was poor with a 5-year survival of 18%. Their disappointing course seems to be related to late diagnosis because of nonspecific symptoms and difficulty in bringing the tumor to the fore. Hopefully, a greater awareness will lead to an earlier diagnosis and improve the prognosis.     

原发性小肠肿瘤53例临床分析

目的：探讨原发性小肠肿瘤的类型、临床特点及诊断方法。方法：回顾性分析53例原发性小肠肿瘤的临床和病理资料。结果：小肠良性肿瘤11例，其中平滑肌瘤3例，占27.3％小肠恶性肿瘤42例，其中间质细胞肉瘤17例，占40．5％：其次为腺癌15例，占35．7％。胃十二指肠镜检查18例，其中9例阳性；CT检查32例，其中25例阳性结论：应综合利用纤维胃十二指肠镜、CT、选择性动脉造影和逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）等检查手段，以提高小肠肿瘤的诊断率。     

小肠恶性肿瘤625例临床特征分析

目的:分析小肠恶性肿瘤的临床特征.方法:回顾性分析625例原发性小肠恶性肿瘤的年龄、性别、血型、家族史、既往史、症状、体征、就诊前病程、肿瘤原发部位、实验室检查及病理诊断结果等资料.结果:小肠恶性肿瘤病例数呈现逐年递增趋势,男女比例为1.54∶1.十二指肠壶腹部肿瘤和小肠腺癌患者年龄越大,患病率越高;而十二指肠非壶腹部肿瘤、空回肠肿瘤、小肠肉瘤和小肠类癌患者40岁后患病率明显升高,60岁后有下降趋势.肿瘤原发部位以十二指肠为主,病理类型以腺癌多见.小肠腺癌原发于十二指肠壶腹部最多,小肠肉瘤原发于空回肠最多,小肠类癌主要原发于十二指肠.十二指肠壶腹部肿瘤确诊最早,空回肠肿瘤最晚;腺癌确诊最早,类癌最晚.十二指肠非壶腹部肿瘤常见恶心呕吐和腹胀,壶腹部肿瘤常见梗阻性黄疸和发热,空回肠肿瘤常见消化管出血和腹部肿块;小肠腺癌最常见梗阻性黄疸、发热和恶心呕吐,小肠肉瘤最常见消化管出血及腹部肿块,小肠类癌最多见腹胀.十二指肠壶腹部肿瘤有胆结石史者比例最高,空回肠部肿瘤伴结直肠息肉史者比例最高,小肠类癌伴肝炎史者比例最高.结论:对于具有小肠恶性肿瘤相关特征的患者应常规行小肠检查并随访.