Value of laparoscopic surgery in elective colorectal surgery with "fast-track"-rehabilitation

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic (LAP) versus open (CON) colonic resection with traditional perioperative care has some short term benefits postoperatively regarding functional recovery. Whether these benefits may also occur when all patients are treated with multimodal "fast-track"-rehabilitation programs is questionable. METHODS: Patients undergoing elective left sided colonic surgery were prospectively non randomised observed. The "fast-track" program included patient information, thoracic peridural analgesia, forced mobilisation and oral intake, and stress reduction. Endpoints were duration of postoperative ileus and hospital stay, general- and local complication, and pulmonary function. RESULTS: 147 consecutive patients were operated on, 47 open and 100 laparoscopically. The time until oral intake was completed seemed to be shorter in the LAP-group (p=0.07) followed by a shorter hospital stay (p<0.01). The pulmonary function was postoperatively improved in the LAP-group compared to the CON-group (p<0,01). General complications (LAP 9% vs. CON 17%) were non significantly increased in the CON-group. Local complications increased in the CON-group (LAP 13% vs. CON 28%, p<0,05). CONCLUSION: Even with perioperative "fast-track"-rehabilitation programs short term advantages were found in laparoscopic compared with open colonic surgery in a non randomised population. The clinical relevance should be examined in controlled randomised trials.     

快速康复外科新理念在结直肠手术中的应用

目的:研究快速康复外科(fast-track surgery,FTS)新理念在结直肠手术中应用的安全性和有效性.方法:将61例结直肠择期手术患者随机分为快速康复组(FTS组)和对照组,分别用FTS和传统方法处置,比较患者的应激和术后恢复指标.结果:与对照组相比,FTS组患者术后应激水平减轻,术后康复进程明显加快.结论:整合一系列围手术期干预措施的FTS可有效减轻患者应激,明显加速术后康复进程,在结直肠手术中的应用是安全可行的.     

对Fast-track surgery内涵的认识

近年来,国际外科文献检索资料中,Fast-track surgery一词频繁出现,也有不少以此为题的文章,涉及到各个区域的手术,效果甚佳,明显加快了患者的康复,缩短了手术后住院时间.国内,外科学术会议也对此感兴趣,进行了讨论.Fast-track一词在英语中常用以描述事物能迅速完成的途径、方法,Fast-track surgery当指手术快速完成之意.     

加速康复外科的临床应用进展

随着外科技术和多种辅助治疗手段的不断进步,患者外科手术后的康复取得了一定成绩,但仍然存在诸多问题.而加速康复外科采用已证实有效的各种方法,如术前思想准备、术前肠管准备新观点、术中麻醉管理、微创外科的应用、液体管理及体温维持以及术后早期活动、早期进食对症治疗及镇痛的应用等,可以减少手术应激及常见并发症发生率,减少患者痛苦,加速患者术后康复,从而达到缩短住院日期的目的 .加速康复外科追求"以患者为中心",使患者在住院期间最大获益是加速康复外科治疗技术的最终目的 .     

“快通道”外科理念指导下腹腔镜手术治疗老年结直肠癌的临床研究

目的:比较"快通道"外科指导下腹腔镜手术与单纯应用腹腔镜手术及应用"快通道"外科理念的常规开腹手术治疗65岁以上老年结直肠癌患者的有效性、安全性,评估"快通道"外科理念联合腹腔镜手术促进老年结直肠癌患者术后恢复的协同作用。方法:将94例65岁以上老年结直肠癌患者随机分为开腹(open surgery,OP)组、开腹+快通道(open surgery plus fast-track surgery,OPFT)组、腹腔镜(laparoscopy surgery,LAP)组及腹腔镜+快通道(laparoscopy surgery plus fast-track surgery,LAPFT)组。比较患者基线特征、手术效果、术后安全性指标。结果:LAP组与LAPFT组在术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后排便时间、术后阿片类镇痛药物使用时间方面均优于OP组、OPFT组(P0.05),而手术时间明显延长(P0.01)。OPFT组术后首次排便时间、术后阿片类镇痛药物使用时间、住院时间短于OP组(P0.05)。LAP组、LAPFT组术后切口感染率明显低于OP组、OPFT组(P0.01),其他并发症发生率及术后30 d内死亡率各组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于老年结直肠癌患者,腹腔镜术中应用"快通道"外科指导的围手术期处理可加快术后康复且不增加术后短期并发症发生率,是安全、有效的治疗措施。     

快速康复外科在根治性全膀胱切除术中的应用

快速康复外科是由丹麦外科医师Kehlet提出,旨在通过减轻围术期的应激反应而促进患者术后康复,减少手术并发症.距快速康复外科理念提出已有近20余年,在这期间,快速康复外科理念在国外得到了极大地发展,并在普外科,尤其是结直肠外科、心胸外科、妇科等进行应用,取得了极大地成功,后被黎介寿院士引入我国,并迅速被外科医师所接受,尤其是在结直肠切除手术中的成功应用已成为典范,但在根治性全膀胱切除术中应用相对较少,本文就快速康复外科理念在根治性全膀胱切除术中的应用作一综述,以期能促进这一理念在该术式中的推广应用.     

Readmission to the intensive care unit after "fast-track" cardiac surgery: risk factors and outcomes

BACKGROUND: The introduction of "fast-track" management into cardiac surgery has significantly shortened the intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay. Readmission to the ICU, traditionally used as a quality index, has not been investigated in these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the causes, risk factors, and outcomes associated with readmission to the ICU. METHODS: All patients undergoing open-heart surgery in a tertiary care, university-affiliated center were included in this prospective observational study. Preoperative and intraoperative data as well as ICU outcome were noted in all patients. RESULTS: Over the 27-month study period,1,613 patients were targeted for fast track management (discharge from ICU on the first postoperative day). The readmission rate was 3.29% (53 patients). Forty-three percent of readmissions occurred within 24 hours of discharge usually because of pulmonary problems (43%) or arrhythmias (13%). Readmission was associated with a prolonged ICU stay (105 +/- 180.0 versus 19.2 +/- 2.4 hours of initial ICU stay) and worse outcome: the only patients who died (6 of 53, 11.3%) were in this group. On multivariate analysis, a Bernstein-Parsonnet risk estimate more than 20 strongly predicted readmission (odds ratio, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.43 to 6.69). CONCLUSIONS: Among a homogeneous group of patients targeted for fast-track management after cardiac surgery, readmission although uncommon is associated with a longer second ICU stay and significant mortality. The recognition of specific risk factors may allow for appropriate modification of the postoperative course.     

基于快速康复理念的美国减重外科临床路径

正现代减重外科起源于20世纪50年代,通过对胃肠道进行干预达到减少摄食量和营养吸收的目的,进而使体质量减轻。最初减重手术均在开腹直视下完成,1990年以来,随着腹腔镜微创技术的迅猛发展,经腹腔镜胃肠减重手术已成为绝对主流,并且手术操作和围手术期临床管理不断标准化,临床治疗结局和围手术期及近、远期并发症快速降低。减重外科作为一个较年轻、具有不断创新能力的学科,进入21世纪以来不断快速发展,并且在临床诊疗规范化和遵循循证医学证据方面成为各个学科的典范[1]。目前,美国等西方国家已经在专业学会层面建     

Future perspectives and research initiatives in fast-track surgery

Background and aims Major surgery is still followed by a risk of morbidity, a need for hospitalisation and convalescence. Fast-track surgery has been introduced as a coordinated effort to combine unimodal evidence-based principles of care into a multi-modal effort to enhance recovery. The aim of this article was to update recent data on fast-track abdominal surgery and outline future strategies for research.Results The data from fast-track colonic resection support the validity of the concept because pain, ileus, cardiopulmonary function and muscle function were all improved, compared with traditional treatment and with reduced post-operative fatigue and convalescence. Although less data is available, similar positive results may be achieved in other types of major surgery. Current research initiatives include improved multi-modal non-opioid analgesia, rational principles for perioperative fluid management, pharmacological reduction of surgical stress responses and the role of laparoscopic procedures within the fast-track concept.Conclusions Fast-track surgery has evolved as a valid concept to improve post-operative outcome. Further progress may be expected based upon intensified research within perioperative pathophysiology and a multi-disciplinary collaboration between surgeons, anaesthesiologists and surgical nurses.     

加速康复外科在胰腺肿瘤围手术期中的应用

加速康复外科(fast-track surgery)强调在围手术期应用一系列各种已证实有效的措施,加以优化组合而产生协同效果,以最大限度缓解各种手术患者生理及心理应激反应.加速康复外科旨在提高医疗卫生工作效率,减少住院时间,降低住院费用,提高患者术后生活质量,其在结-直肠手术患者围手术期应用的安全性、有效性已得到广泛证实,而应用胰腺手术的报道较少.本文就加速康复外科在胰腺肿瘤的应用现状及与患者入院率、发病率、病死率的联系和临床意义加以综述.

Abstract：

Fast-track recovery emphasize applicating a series of effective measures confirmed in the perioperative care of patients,the optimized combination generates synergy effect to maximize alleviating various physical and mental stress reaction in order to expedite patient recovery.Most successful example is the application of fast track colon surgery program.Its safety and effectiveness have been widely confirmed,but the report on pancreas surgery is limited.FTRP is aiming to improve medical and health work efficiency,reduce hospitalization time and hospitalization expenses,improve life quality of patients.Based on the application of FTRP in pancreatic cancer,the relation of morbidity,re-admission and peri-operative mortality rates and clinical significance are reviewed.     

Use of cisatracurium during fast-track cardiac surgery

We prospectively studied spontaneous recovery from cisatracurium-inducedneuromuscular block in 18 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery,and its suitability for fast-track cardiac surgery. Neuromuscularblock was induced by an i.v. bolus (range 0.15–0.3 mgkg^–1) and maintained by a continuous infusion (range 1.1–3.2µg kg^–1 min^–1) of cisatracurium until sternalclosure. In the intensive care unit (ICU), spontaneous recoverywas evaluated by the train-of-four (TOF) ratio measured at theadductor pollicis muscle. The ICU medical staff were unawareof the TOF ratios until sedation was stopped. At that time,if the TOF ratio was less than 0.9, sedation was recommenced.On arrival in ICU, all patients had residual paralysis. Themean time to reaching a TOF ratio of at least 0.9 was 102 min(range 74–144 min) after discontinuation of the cisatracuriuminfusion. Fifteen patients (83%) were successfully extubatedduring the first 8 h after stopping the cisatracurium infusion.Only one patient showed residual paralysis when sedation wasdiscontinued. These results support the use of cisatracuriumas a suitable neuromuscular blocking agent for fast-track cardiacsurgery. Br J Anaesth 2001; 86: 130–2     

快速康复外科在胃癌外科的应用与展望

快速康复外科是利用新的医学证据为优化围手术期患者管理提供依据,外科医师通过整合和应用这些新证据形成一整套围手术期的管理方法,以达到减少患者生理及心理上的应激反应,加快患者的康复.快速康复外科已应用于多种外科疾病的治疗,包括心脏手术、全膝关节置换、结直肠手术等.胃癌是世界第四常见、病死率第二的恶性肿瘤.外科手术是胃癌治疗的里程碑,也是唯一的、有效的根治胃癌的手段.但快速康复外科在胃癌治疗中的应用还在不断完善.本文就快速康复外科在胃癌外科的应用进展进行综述.     

快速康复外科理念在经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的 探讨快速康复外科理念在经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用价值.方法 选择60 例择期经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除的患者,随机分为快速康复外科组(n=30)及对照组(n=30),比较两组手术时间、术后下床活动时间、进食时间、排气、排便时间、住院天数及住院费用、并发症的差异.结果 快速康复外科组术后下床活动时间、进食时间、排气、排便时间、住院天数明显缩短,住院费用显著降低(P<0.05),两组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 快速康复外科理念应用在经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术中是可行的,可加速患者的康复,明显缩短住院时间,降低住院费用.