4784例老年男性血脂分布的特点及与体质指数关系的研究

目的 了解老年男性血脂分布的规律及与体质指数(BMI)的关系,从血脂紊乱的角度探讨老年男性的体质量控制问题.方法 对4784例老年男性体检者进行调查并测定血脂水平,按年龄分为60～69岁组、70～79岁组和80～96岁组,按BMI水平分为低体质量组(BMI<18.5 kg/m2),正常体质量组(BMI:18.5～23.9 kg/m2),超质量组(BMI:24.0～27.9 kg/m2),肥胖组(BMI≥28.0 kg/m2).结果 4784例老年男性总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)分别为(5.1±0.9)mmol/L、(3.0±0.8)mmol/L、(1.5±1.0)rmmol/L、(1.3±0.3)mmol/L,血脂异常的检出率为44.8%(2141例),其中TC、TG、HDL-C异常的检出率分别为10.4%(497例)、9.3%(445例)、29.8%(1425例)和19.4%(928例).不同年龄组随增龄TG水平降低,HDL-C水平升高(均P<0.01),80～96岁组的TC和LDL-C水平有降低趋势(P<0.05).老年男性超体质量占46.8%(2239例),肥胖占15.5%(740例).随BMI水平的升高,TG水平亦升高,而HDL-C则随BMI升高降低,不同体质量组TC和LDL-C比较差异无统计学意义.80～96岁组亦以高TG和低HDL-C为主要类型的血脂异常,其血脂分布特点与70～79岁组相似.80～96岁组肥胖和超体质量的检出率最低,分别为44.6%(228例)和11.9%(61例).结论 老年男性血脂异常以高TG和低HDL-C为主,TC升高的检出率高于2002年全国普查的结果;超体质量、肥胖的检出率接近发达国家水平;老年男性随增龄TC和LDL-C水平下降,而HDL-C水平有上升趋势.     

辛伐他汀对老年不稳定性心绞痛血清胆固醇及超敏C-反应蛋白的影响

目的观察辛伐他汀治疗老年不稳定性心绞痛对患者血清胆固醇及高敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivityC-reactiveprotein,hs-CRP)的影响。方法将78例(73±7岁)老年不稳定性心绞痛患者,分为辛伐他汀组和对照组。辛伐他汀组(45例)给予辛伐他汀(20mg/天),治疗共4周;对照组(33例),常规(未经调脂)治疗。分别测定治疗前后的血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及hs-CRP,统计学比较两组治疗前后血清TC、LDL-C、HDL-C及hs-CRP水平。结果①治疗前两组血清TC、LDL-C、HDL-C及hs-CRP水平均无显著差异(P>0.05)。②辛伐他汀组治疗后TC、LDL-C显著下降(P<0.001),HDL-C升高(P=0.002)。对照组治疗前后TC、LDL-C、HDL-C均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。③辛伐他汀组与对照组治疗后hs-CRP均有下降,但辛伐他汀组下降值(2.91±2.62mg/L)显著大于对照组下降值(0.91±1.18mg/L)(P<0.001)。④辛伐他汀治疗4周后hs-CRP的降低与血脂改变TC(r=0.004P=0.977)、LDL-C(r=0.173P=0.256)、HDL-C(r=-0.223P=0.141)无相关性。结论辛伐他汀治疗老年不稳定性心绞痛患者4周,能安全有效调节血清胆固醇及降低hs-CRP水平,且降低hs-CRP水平独立于其调脂作用。     

东莞市东部地区35岁以上居民血脂水平及分布特征

目的探讨东莞市东部地区35岁以上居民血脂水平及分布特征。方法 2011年7月至2012年4月,采用整群抽样的方法,对东莞市横沥镇35岁及以上的19 058户籍居民进行问卷调查及总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triacylglycerol,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)检测。结果完成问卷调查、血脂检测共9 921人。血脂异常标化患病率为35.47%。TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C浓度分别为(5.20±1.02)mmol/L、(1.56±1.34)mmol/L、(1.49±0.38)mmol/L、(3.03±0.90)mmol/L。血脂异常类型以高TG、高TC为主。男性49岁以下年龄段组的TC、LDL-C浓度及LDL-C血症患病率较女性同年龄段组高,50岁以上较女性低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男女间TC、TG、HDL-C浓度及高TC、高TG、低HDL-C血症患病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论东莞市东部地区35岁以上居民TC、TG、LDL-C浓度及高TC、高TG、高LDL-C患病率较高;血脂异常类型以高TG、高TC为主;中年男性及更年期以后女性血脂水平较高。     

原发性胆汁性胆管炎血脂异常分布特点

目的了解原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)患者血脂异常特点,分析其分布与单纯血脂异常患者的差异及临床意义。方法对2010—2016年在北京协和医院住院及门诊就诊的PBC并血脂异常者100例(PBC组)及同期体检中心年龄和性别匹配的单纯血脂异常者83例(对照组)的临床资料进行回顾性分析,评估两组患者血脂异常分布特点的差异及其临床意义。结果PBC组患者的血脂异常以高胆固醇(TC)血症为主,对照组患者以高低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)血症为主。临床分类分析发现,PBC组单纯TC和单纯三酰甘油(TG)均明显高于对照组(TC:14%vs. 5%;TG:19%vs. 8%),差异均有统计学意义(P=0. 046、0. 042),PBC组混合型高脂血症比例明显低于对照组(57%vs. 77%),差异有统计学意义(P=0. 004)。PBC组患者血浆TG水平明显高于对照组[(2. 36±2. 13) mmol/L vs.(1. 57±0. 75) mmol/L],PBC组患者HDL-C水平明显高于对照组[(1. 64±0. 75) mmol/L vs.(1. 31±0. 38) mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(均P=0. 001)],PBC组患者LDL-C水平明显低于对照组[(3. 27±1. 22) mmol/L vs.(3. 61±0. 69) mmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P=0. 033)。结论 PBC血脂异常与单纯血脂异常患者血脂分布类型不同,其中临床分类差别更为明显,PBC血脂异常者较单纯血脂异常者更易出现高TC血症,且前者TG、HDL-C水平较后者高,LDL-C水平较后者低。     

瑞舒伐他汀对高血压病并血脂异常患者高敏C-反应蛋白及胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:探讨瑞舒伐他汀对高血压病并血脂异常患者高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及胰岛素抵抗(IR)的影响。方法:选取高血压病并血脂异常患者100例,随机分为试验组及对照组,每组50例,均予降压治疗,试验组加用瑞舒伐他汀10mg/d,治疗时间为8周。另选取年龄、性别等相匹配的50例正常体检者作为健康组。观察治疗前后血压、血脂、血糖、hs-CRP、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)等指标变化。结果:试验组及对照组治疗前血清hs-CRP、HOMA-IR、血压、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均高于健康组(均P0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)低于健康组(P0.05);相关分析示hs-CRP与HOMA-IR呈正相关(r=0.527,P0.05)。试验组治疗8周后,与治疗前相比血压、血清hs-CRP、HOMA-IR、血压、TC、TG、LDL-C水平均明显下降(均P0.05),HDL-C水平升高(P0.05),BMI差异无统计学意义;对照组与治疗前相比,血压明显下降(P0.01),余指标治疗前后差异无统计学意义;两组治疗后TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、HOMA-IR及hs-CRP水平比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:瑞舒伐他汀治疗高血压病并血脂异常患者,调脂同时降低HOMA-IR及血清hs-CRP水平,有抗炎及改善IR的作用。     

40岁以上现役民航飞行员血脂异常流行特点

目的了解中国民航40岁以上现役飞行员血脂异常情况。方法采用2007年中国成人血脂异常防治指南的标准,调查2011年华北、华东、华南地区参加年度体检的40岁以上现役飞行员,共831人。结果 40~59岁飞行员高总胆固醇(TC)、高三酰甘油(TG)、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)以及高血脂的年龄标化率分别为18.4%、19.0%、33.3%、11.1%和50.8%,TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C的均值分别为(5.42±1.01)mmol/L、(1.76±1.10) mmol/L、(1.17±0.23) mmol/L、(3.23±0.83) mmol/L。40~49岁飞行员的TG均值为(1.83±1.16)mmol/L,显著高于50~59岁人群的(1.53±0.85) mmol/L。TC和LDL-C异常均以边缘升高为主。华北地区TC均值及TC异常患病率显著高于其他两个地区,华东和华南地区则以高TG异常、低HDL-C及高LDL-C异常为主。结论民航40岁以上现役飞行员的血脂异常呈现以高TC为主的特征,边缘异常比例较高,血脂异常存在地区差异。     

不同剂量辛伐他汀治疗冠心病合并高脂血症疗效比较

选择冠心病合并高脂血症患者98例,随机分为辛伐他汀20、40和80 mg组.于服药前、服药8周和16周分别检测血脂中胆固醇(代)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,记录服药期间不良反应.结果 显示,辛伐他汀治疗16周后,3组患者TC和LDL-C水平均有明显降低,HDL-C明显升高;80 mg组TC和LDL-C降低水平较其他两组明显,TC、LDL-C及总达标率均明显优于其他两组.3组不良反应无明显差异.认为80 mg/d辛伐他汀的降血脂作用更强,且安全性良好.     

高龄冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度与血脂参数及超敏C反应蛋白水平的关系

目的探讨高龄冠心病(CHD)患者冠状动脉病变程度与血脂参数及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的关系。方法根据其冠状动脉造影结果将入选的150例研究对象分为CHD组(113例)和非CHD组(37例);根据狭窄冠脉支数将CHD组患者分为单支病变组(43例)、两支病变组(55例)和多支病变组(15例);计算患者Gensini积分并根据结果将其进一步分为30分组(49例)、30～60分组(45例)和60分组(19例),对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 CHD组的hs-CRP水平明显高于非CHD组,射血分数(EF)明显低于非CHD组(P0.05);CHD患者hs-CRP、血三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)比值(L/H)、TG/HDL-C、血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(AIP)及非HDL-C(nHDL-C)水平随病变血管支数增加而升高(P0.05,P0.01),hs-CRP、总胆固醇(TC)、TG、LDL-C、L/H、TG/HDL-C、AIP及nHDL-C水平随Gensini积分增加而升高。结论 hs-CRP配合血脂参数对高龄冠心病的诊断及病情判断有着重要意义。     

50岁以上健康体检人群血脂水平调查研究

目的了解50岁以上人群血脂水平及血脂异常发生率。方法选取2013年5月～2013年6月在解放军305医院进行体检的50岁以上人员1162例,其中男性668例,女性494例,年龄50～89岁。按年龄分为四组:A组(50～59岁)、B组(60～69岁)、C组(70～79岁)和D组(80～89岁)。采用全自动生化分析仪进行血脂4项测定,包括三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。比较不同年龄以及各组不同性别间血脂水平和异常发生率的差异。结果与男性血脂总体水平比较,女性TC平均水平升高(P0.05),而血脂HDL-C、LDL-C和TG无统计学差异(P0.05)。在A、B、C、D各组中,与男性比较,女性血脂检测指标均有升高(P均0.05)。各组男性,随年龄增加,血脂异常发生率增加。结论在男性人群中,随年龄增长,血脂水平降低,血脂异常率升高。而女性随年龄增加血脂水平无明显变化,高TC血症和高LDL-C血症发生率逐渐增加。50岁以上人群,男性与女性血脂水平有明显差异,应引起足够重视。     

绝经后女性高血压并发不稳定型心绞痛患者血清脂蛋白(a)水平的变化

目的:研究女性高血压并发不稳定型心绞痛患者血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]水平的变化。方法:对124例拟诊为不稳定型心绞痛的女性高血压患者分别测定血总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和Lp(a)水平,并行选择性冠状动脉造影明确诊断。结果:冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病者77例(冠心病组),血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C和Lp(a)水平分别为(6·11±1·15)、(1·89±1·06)、(3·92±1·31)、(1·04±0·25)mmol/L和(279·84±309·31)mg/L。冠状动脉造影除外冠心病者(对照组)47例,血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C和Lp(a)水平分别为(5·59±1·02)、(1·85±0·78)、(3·08±0·71)、(1·20±0·59)mmol/L和(187·13±145·42)mg/L。冠心病组血清TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,而Lp(a)较对照组显著升高(P<0·05)。Lp(a)水平与TC和LDL-C呈正相关。结论:女性高血压并发不稳定型心绞痛患者血清Lp(a)水平升高。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.