大鼠全脑照射后海马肿瘤坏死因子的基因表达

目的 观察大鼠全脑照射后海马区肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的动态表达,探讨其在放射性脑损伤急性期的反应发病机理中可能的作用. 方法 制备大鼠的脑放射诱导损伤模型.利用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术半定量分析大鼠脑放射诱导损伤后海马区在不同时间、不同剂量水平TNF-α基因转录的动态表达. 结果 正常组海马区TNF-α mRNA低水平表达;全脑照射组表达上调并在1 h达峰值,是正常组的4～11倍(P＜0.001);放射诱导呈剂量依赖性(P＜0.01),30 Gy组较2 Gy组增高近2倍(P＜0.001),较15 Gy组增高近1倍(P＜0.01),15 Gy组也高于2 Gy组;各照射组在12 h后恢复到基础水平. 结论 大鼠全脑照射后海马区TNF-α基因表达上调,放射诱导呈剂量依赖性,提示参与了脑放射诱导损伤急性期的细胞反应.     

大鼠全脑照射后早期海马水通道蛋白4mRNA水平的变化

目的 观察单次全脑照射大鼠海马区水通道蛋白4(AQP4)的变化,探讨AQP4在早期放射性脑损伤中的作用.方法 将雌性SD大鼠36只随机分为20 Gy单次全脑照射后1 d、1周、2周、4周和8周及对照6个组别,每组6只.用RT-PCR法检测海马区AQP4 mRNA表达的变化.结果 与对照组比较,20 Gy照射后1 d海马区AQP4 mRNA下降,照射后1周达最低点(P＜0.01),2周时仍低于对照(P＜0.01),4周时高于对照组(P＜0.01),8周时仍高于对照组( P＜0.05).结论 大鼠全脑照射后海马区AQP4 mRNA表达增加,AQP4参与了放射性脑水肿过程.     

全脑照射对大鼠海马区Notch 1信号通路的影响

目的 观察大鼠全脑照射后海马区Notch 1信号通路中Notch 1与下游因子Hes 1的表达变化。方法 单次10Gy全脑照射构建大鼠放射性脑损伤模型,于照射后1、3天、1、2周、1、2个月处死大鼠获取海马组织,采用real-time PCR和Western blot法检测海马组织Notch 1、Hes 1的表达变化,免疫组织化学染色法检测海马区新生神经细胞数。结果 相较对照组,大鼠全脑照射后Notch 1表达进行性下调;其下游因子Hes 1在照射后2周内表达无明显变化,而在照射1、2个月后表达显著下调（P<0.05）。在照射后1、2个月组中,海马区新生神经细胞数较对照组显著减少。结论 大鼠全脑照射后,海马区Notch 1信号通路活性显著下调,伴随着海马区神经再生显著抑制,提示Notch 1通路可能参与放射性脑损伤后神经再生的调控过程。     

大鼠全脑照射后早期大脑皮质中TNF-α及其受体表达的免疫组化研究

目的观察大鼠大脑全脑照射后早期放射性脑损伤大脑皮质区TNF-α、TNFR1和TNFR2的动态表达。探讨TNF-α、TNFR1和TNFR2在早期放射性脑损伤发病机制中可能的作用。方法在大鼠早期放射性脑损伤模型基础上，应用免疫组织化学方法染色标本，运用计算机图像技术计算并分析大鼠大脑放射性损伤后大脑皮质区在不同剂量、不同时间点TNF-α、TNFR1和TNFR2的动态表达。结果0Gy组大鼠各时间点大脑皮质区TNF-α、TNFR1和TNFR2均是低水平表达。与正常组表达无显著差别（P〉0．05）。在光镜下观察2Gy组、10Gy组及30Gy组照射后12h到1月不同时间点大脑皮层内TNF-α的免疫组化表达，发现抗体阳性细胞表达均在12h达高峰（P〈0．05）。并可见30Gy组数值最高（P〈0．001），但10Gy组与30Gy组之间无显著差异（P〉0．05），在24h以后各照射组基本恢复到基础水平。同样方法观察发现2Gy组、10Gy组和30Gy组的TNFR1和TNFR2的动态表达类似于TNF-α的免疫表达。结论大鼠大脑全脑照射后大脑皮质区TNF-α、TNFR1和TNFR2在24h内快速上升快速下降，提示它们可能在放射性脑损伤中起重要作用。     

IL-6表达在实验性大鼠脑出血继发性神经元损伤及脑水肿中的作用

目的　探讨IL- 6表达在大鼠脑出血后继发性脑损伤及脑水肿中的作用。方法　将 2 4只SD大鼠随机分为脑出血组和假手术组 ,利用立体定向技术建立大鼠不抗凝自体尾动脉血脑出血模型 (5 0 μl中等量脑出血 ) ,于脑出血后 6h、 2 4h、 4 8h、 72h处死大鼠 ,进行脑含水量测定、免疫组化染色及Nissl染色 ,并对结果进行统计学处理。结果　大鼠脑出血后脑水肿于 4 8h达到高峰 ,与对照组比较有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。大鼠脑组织表达IL - 6也于 4 8h达到高峰 ,明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;血肿周围及海马的未受损神经元数在 72h时最少 ,明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　大鼠脑出血后脑组织高表达IL - 6参与了脑水肿形成和继发性神经元损伤。     

亚低温干预对创伤性颅脑损伤大鼠海马组织CIB1表达的影响

目的 研究亚低温干预对创伤性颅脑损伤(TBI)大鼠脑组织海马CA1区钙离子结合相关蛋白1(CIB1)表达的影响.方法 54只SD大鼠随机分为亚低温组(n=24)、常温组(n=24)和假损伤组(n=6).亚低温组和常温组大鼠经液压侧方打击制作TBI模型,亚低温组大鼠建模后给予亚低温干预(32℃,4h).于TBI后4、6、12、24 h时(假损伤组为伤后24 h)分批(n=6)处死动物,取损伤侧海马CA1区组织,RT-PCR和Western blotting检测CIB1 mRNA和蛋白的表达.结果 常温组和亚低温组大鼠TBI后各时点损伤侧海马CA1区组织中CIB1 mRNA和蛋白的表达均显著高于假损伤组(P＜0.05),分别在伤后4h和6h上调达最高水平;亚低温组CIB1 mRNA和蛋白表达的上调程度显著低于常温组(P＜0.05).结论 亚低温干预对TBI大鼠海马组织CIB1 mRNA和蛋白的表达上调具有抑制作用.     

缺氧缺血性脑病新生大鼠海马EphA5受体mRNA表达与神经元凋亡的关系

目的:探讨缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)新生大鼠海马EphA5受体mRNA表达与神经元凋亡的关系?方法:7日龄SD大鼠制备HIE经典模型?分为HIE组?HIE+ EphA5-Fc组和对照组?采用qRT-PCR法测定各组新生大鼠海马EphA5受体mRNA表达,原位缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检测其凋亡的神经元?结果:①HIE组海马EphA5受体mRNA表达上调,在12 h达高峰,48 h仍高于对照组(P < 0.05);与HIE组比较,HIE+ EphA5-Fc组海马EphA5受体mRNA表达下调(P < 0.05),已恢复至对照组水平(P > 0.05);②HIE组海马神经元凋亡6 h开始升高,24 h达高峰;HIE+EphA5-Fc组海马神经元凋亡较HIE组显著下降(P < 0.05)?结论:阻断EphA5受体可抑制HIE新生大鼠海马EphA5受体mRNA表达上调及海马神经元凋亡,表明EphA5受体活化是缺氧缺血致脑损伤的机制之一?     

大鼠全脑缺血再灌注时海马CA1区IL-10变化的实验研究

目的　观测全脑缺血再灌注时海马CA1区白细胞介素 - 10mRNA (IL - 10mRNA)、肿瘤坏死因子 -αmRNA (TNF -αmRNA)、白细胞介素 - 1βmRNA (IL - 1βmRNA)表达的变化 ,探讨全脑缺血再灌注时IL - 10表达的作用。方法　按照Pullsinelli法建立大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤模型 ,分别于缺血再灌注 2、 6、 12、 2 4、 4 8h取脑海马CA1区组织切片 ,用原位杂交法和图像分析检测IL - 10mRNA、TNF -αmRNA、IL - 1βmRNA的吸光度值。结果　脑缺血再灌注各时间点海马CA1区TNF -αmRNA、IL - 1βmRNA的吸光度值均显著增加 (P <0 0 1) ,4 8hIL - 10mRNA显著表达 (P <0 0 1) ;2 4～ 4 8hIL - 10mRNA的吸光度值与TNF -αmRNA、IL - 1βmRNA的吸光度值均呈显著负相关(r值分别为 - 0 70 6、 - 0 84 2 ,P值 <0 0 5 )。结论　大鼠全脑缺血再灌注 4 8hIL - 10显著表达 ,对TNF -α、IL - 1β具有显著的抑制作用。     

大鼠全脑照射后海马组织中GFAPmRNA表达的研究

目的通过观察大鼠全脑照射后海马组织中胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)mRNA表达的变化,探讨GFAP在放射性脑损伤中的作用.方法大鼠全脑单次2 Gy、10 Gy和30 Gy照射后1 d、30 d,用逆转录聚合酶链技术(RT-PCR)观察海马组织中GFAPmRNA的表达变化,并分析照射剂量和照射后时间对其表达的影响.结果 10 Gy和30 Gy组照后1 d GFAPmRNA水平开始升高,分别为正常组的2.5倍、3倍(P＜0.001),并持续到照后30 d,2 Gy组未见明显升高.结论随着照射剂量的加大和观测时间的延长,大鼠大脑海马内 GFAPmRNA表达增高,其终产物GFAP在放射性脑损伤保护和修复机制中有重要作用.     

缺血再灌注后脑组织中TRPC4 mRNA水平的变化

目的　在建立的大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞性脑缺血 (MCAO)模型上 ,观察脑组织不同部位瞬间受体电位通道蛋白 4 (TRPC4 ,TransientReceptorPotentialChannel 4 )mRNA表达的变化 ,以说明TRPC4可能参与缺血后再灌注引起的神经细胞损伤。方法　动物分为缺血后再灌注 6h、12h、1d、3d及假手术对照组 ,断头取脑后分别提取纹状体、海马及皮层各部位的总RNA ,采用逆转录 聚合酶链式反应 (RT PCR)一步法 ,并以 β actin为内参 ,检测TRPC4mRNA的表达。结果　结果显示 ,TRPC4mRNA在纹状体、海马中有强表达 ,而在皮层中有弱表达。缺血组同侧纹状体TRPC4mRNA表达与对照组相比显著增加 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ,其中 12h组同侧达到最高 ;在海马区 ,结果与纹状体完全相似 (P <0 .0 0 0 1)。结论　TRPC4为Ca2 通道蛋白 ,在脑缺血时 ,TRPC4mRNA随之出现变化 ,提示可能与急性期脑损伤有一定关系     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.