颅外颈内动脉损伤诊治方法的探讨

目的　探讨颅外颈内动脉损伤的早期诊断和治疗方法。方法　 1982～ 2 0 0 2年共收治颅外颈内动脉损伤 8例 ,其中颈内动脉破裂并休克 3例 ,并发栓塞 4例 ,假性动脉瘤 2例。行颈内动脉修补 2例 ,颈内动脉 -颈外动脉端端吻合 1例 ,颅内 -外动脉搭桥 2例 ,手术取栓 1例 ,瘤体切除加动脉修补 2例。结果无死亡 ,4例出现偏瘫失语等神经系统并发症 ,1例经颅内 -外动脉搭桥后完全康复 ,1例经取栓术后改善 ,2例经保守治疗症状轻度改善。余 4例除 1例遗有颈内动脉假性动脉瘤外 ,均痊愈。结论　早期诊断及颈内动脉修复重建是降低死亡率 ,减少神经系统并发症的关键     

颅内宽颈动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗

目的：探讨血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈（GDC）治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的疗效、治疗护理要点、安全性及并发症的防治。方法：对明确诊断为颅内宽颈动脉瘤的20例患者行血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈介入治疗。动脉瘤位置：前交通动脉瘤8例。后交通动脉瘤4例,颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤3例．大脑中动脉瘤2例．基底动脉瘤2例．颈内动脉海绵窦段合并前交通动脉瘤1例。结果：20例患者均成功释放支架,患者全部治愈出院。其中17例致密栓塞。3例大部填塞。血管造影检查：动脉瘤不显影,载瘤动脉及邻近主要血管分支通畅．均无再出血或血栓栓塞等相关并发症。结论：血管内支架结合弹簧圈是治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效的方法．短期治疗效果肯定,正确的围手术期处理,可以提高手术的成功率,减少并发症。     

26例颈动脉体瘤的外科治疗体会

目的：探讨颈动脉体瘤(Carotid body tumor,CBT)的诊断和治疗经验。方法：26例患者，分别血管多普勒B超检测及单侧血管造影术或数字减影血管造影术(Digital subtrasound angiography，DSA)，明确诊断。术前均行颈动脉压迫试验。手术治疗，其中瘤体剥离式切除9例；颈外动脉同时切除15例；颈内动脉部分切除，颈总、颈内人造血管搭桥术1例；颈总动脉分叉处切除、颈内外动脉吻合1例。结果：除2例合并脑部并发症并治愈，无1例死亡。结论：DSA对CBT的诊断最具权威性，术前颈动脉压迫训练，正确的术式选择是减少脑部并发症保证手术成功的关键。     

Neuroform自膨式支架结合弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤

目的 探讨Neuroform自膨式支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的安全性、术中并发症、近中期疗效和应用前景.方法 采用Neuroform支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗25例27枚颅内宽颈动脉瘤.动脉瘤位于颈内动脉海绵窦段3枚,眼动脉1枚,后交通动脉18枚,前交通动脉2枚,大脑中动脉M1段1枚,大脑中动脉分义部1枚,基底动脉干1枚.其巾2例患者为多发动脉瘤,绝对宽颈(瘤颈>4 mm)动脉瘤21枚,相对宽颈6枚,瘤颈/瘤体均大于0.7.结果 4枚采用NeuroformⅡ代自膨式支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗,其余均采用NeuroformⅢ代支架结合弹簧罔栓塞治疗.25例26枚支架均成功到位释放,1例多发动脉瘤患者置入2枚支架.7枚动脉瘤完全栓塞(100%),9枚几乎完全栓寒(95%～99%),11枚不完全栓塞(95%以下).2例术中出血;2例术中支架内血栓形成,其中1例术后遗留肢体偏瘫,另1例死亡;1例术中弹簧圈尾端从支架网孔突入颈内动脉,术后出现一过性脑缺血表现,其余患者均恢复良好出院.临床随访24例,随访期1～32个月,平均10.8个月.3例术后3～6个月血管造影随访,其中1例后交通动脉瘤患者同侧大脑前动脉闭塞,大脑中动脉主干血栓形成;另2例原有瘤颈残留者无变化.结论 在栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤时应用Neurolform自膨式支架结合弹簧圈技术,使弹簧圈无法突入载瘤动脉,可提高柃塞致密度,安全、疗效好.     

复合手术治疗急性下肢缺血性腘动脉瘤

目的探讨复合手术治疗急性下肢缺血性腘动脉瘤的早期疗效。方法 2004年8月至2007年6月收治合并急性下肢缺血的腘动脉瘤患者7例,采用外科手术与血管介入相结合的复合手术方式进行治疗。复合手术包括传统的手术切除,结合手术前后置管溶栓、球囊扩张、术中球囊导管取栓等。方法观察围手术期并发症及早期治疗效果并对相关文献进行分析。结果外科手术包括动脉瘤旷置术2例,动脉瘤切除术5例。动脉瘤切除后重建方法包括人工血管置换术6例,自体动脉端端吻合1例。血管介入包括手术前后球囊扩张及置管溶栓7例,1例行术中取栓。围手术期无严重并发症,术后1周的踝肱指数较术前明显改善(0.68～0.98比0.22～0.52,P<0.001)。术后随访人工血管通畅,动脉瘤远近端侧支循环保留,肢体感觉及运动功能良好。结论复合手术保留了侧支循环,可以降低术后肢体远端缺血的风险;介入方法的使用保证了术后流出道的通畅,有助于避免术后移植物急性闭塞,从而有效降低术后截肢率。     

动脉导管未闭50例手术治疗疗效分析

目的总结先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭（PDA）50例手术治疗经验。方法对手术治疗先天性动脉导管未闭（PDA）50例进行回顾性总结分析。结果除1例4月龄患儿重度肺动脉高压因呼吸循环衰竭于术后第1天死亡外，其余病人均痊愈出院，随访均健在，生活质量改善，心脏杂音消失，未发现导管再通病例。结论动脉导管未闭确诊后除有禁忌症外，原则上应手术治疗，手术治疗效果良好，并发症少，病死率低。加强围术期处理是降低手术死亡率的重要措施。     

支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内多发宽颈动脉瘤临床效果分析

目的探讨颅内多发宽颈动脉瘤的手术方法、支架选择及围手术期处理。方法支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞17例多发宽颈动脉瘤患者,共34个动脉瘤,与同期采用开颅夹闭术18例多发动脉瘤患者,共夹闭36个动脉瘤,平均住院日、瘤颈残余率及术中、术后并发症对比。结果全部动脉瘤均致密或近致密栓塞,与采用夹闭术患者瘤颈残余率无明显差别。术中及术后并发症少于开颅夹闭患者,平均住院日低于开颅夹闭患者。结论支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤是治疗颅内多发宽颈动脉瘤的一种安全有效的方法,较开颅动脉瘤夹闭术,可减轻手术创伤,降低并发症的发生,缩短住院时间。     

脑膜瘤术前颈外动脉栓塞治疗疗效评价

目的：探讨脑膜瘤颈外动脉栓塞治疗的临床疗效和应用价值。材料和方法;对２１例脑膜瘤患者手术前采用颈外动脉明海绵栓塞治疗,观察其疗效及并发症,并观察手术中出血、手术切除及手术并发症发生情况。结果：２１例患者均予栓塞术后３～７天行手术治疗,手术出血量无间均显减少,手术切除较为容易,栓塞术及手术切除未出现严重的并发症。结论：采用术前颈外动脉栓塞治疗脑膜瘤是安全、可行、有效的治疗方法,可使脑膜瘤的血明显减少     

70岁以上老年人胆石症102例外科治疗分析

目的探讨70岁以上老年人胆石症的临床特点及手术治疗方法。方法单纯胆囊切除72例,胆囊切开取石加造瘘2例,胆囊切除加胆总管探查加T管引流27例,胆总管空肠Roux-Y吻合1例。结果102例病人中,并发切口感染3例,胆泻1例;2例造瘘术后3个月再次手术治愈。并发症发生率为3·9%,治愈101例,死亡1例。结论老年人胆石症的外科治疗必须针对老年人胆道疾病的特点,选择合适的时机,精心做好围手术期处理,采取得当的术式,才能做到治愈率高,并发症少。     

支架辅助GDC治疗颅内动脉瘤术中并发症的防治

目的 回顾总结血管内支架治疗颅内动脉瘤术中并发症，以提高使用血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈(GDC)治疗颅内夹层及宽颈动脉瘤的安全性。方法 105例难治性动脉瘤，首先将冠脉支架跨动脉瘤颈放置，通过支架的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔，填入GDC。结果 6例患者术中出现支架移位，1例发生动脉瘤破裂出血，1例发生大脑中动脉穿支出血，1例发生支架塌陷，1例发生颈内动脉夹层动脉瘤，1例弹簧圈突入小脑后下动脉(PICA)起始部，10例发生血管痉挛，经对症处理，预后良好。结论 在支架植入过程中，联合采用多种措施可减少并发症的发生；支架和GDC联合应用治疗颅内夹层及宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效。     

Neuroapplication of Amplatzer vascular plug: a novel device for parent artery occlusion

Extracranial internal carotid aneurysms are rare, but the complications associated with the traditional surgical reconstruction methods are relatively high. Endovascular treatment has replaced surgery for treatment of a variety of vascular problems. We describe here the treatment of a recurrent extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm using a detachable balloon combined with the Amplatzer vascular plug.     

Single-stage endovascular treatment in patients with severe extracranial large vessel stenosis and concomitant ipsilateral unruptured intracranial aneurysm

PURPOSE

We aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of single-stage endovascular treatment in patients with severe extracranial large vessel stenosis and concomitant ipsilateral unruptured intracranial aneurysm.

METHODS

Hospital database was screened for patients who underwent single-stage endovascular treatment between February 2008 and June 2013 and seven patients were identified. The procedures included unilateral carotid artery stenting (CAS) (n=4), bilateral CAS (n=2), and proximal left subclavian artery stenting (n=1) along with ipsilateral intracranial aneurysm treatment (n=7). The mean internal carotid artery stenosis was 81.6% (range, 70%–95%), and the subclavian artery stenosis was 90%. All aneurysms were unruptured. The mean aneurysm diameter was 7.7 mm (range, 5–13 mm). The aneurysms were ipsilateral to the internal carotid artery stenosis (internal carotid artery aneurysm) in five patients, and in the anterior communicating artery in one patient. The patient with subclavian artery stenosis had a fenestration aneurysm in the proximal basilar artery. Stenting of the extracranial large vessel stenosis was performed before aneurysm treatment in all patients. In two patients who underwent bilateral CAS, the contralateral carotid artery stenosis, which had no aneurysm distally, was treated initially.

RESULTS

There were no procedure-related complications or technical failure. The mean clinical follow-up period was 18 months (range, 9–34 months). One patient who underwent unilateral CAS experienced contralateral transient ischemic attack during the clinical follow-up. There was no restenosis on six-month follow-up angiograms, and all aneurysms were adequately occluded.

CONCLUSION

A single-stage procedure appears to be feasible for treatment of patients with severe extracranial large vessel stenosis and concomitant ipsilateral intracranial aneurysm.The concomitance of severe extracranial large vessel stenosis and unruptured ipsilateral distal intracranial aneurysm is often detected incidentally and their management is not clear (1). Although there are many studies in the literature that report different treatment approaches, there is no definite consensus on the management of the concomitant lesions (2–14). Various treatment options have been suggested, such as initial treatment of the aneurysm before revascularization of the stenosis, treating both lesions in the same surgical session and correcting the stenosis without treating the aneurysm (1, 5, 6, 9–11, 14–16). Few studies have reported single-stage endovascular treatment of both lesions as an effective method (17–19). On the other hand, the treatment of each lesion by this technique may lead to procedure-related undesired events such as cerebral ischemia/stroke or aneurysm rupture.In this study, we aimed to present the radiologic and clinical results of seven consecutive patients who underwent single-stage endovascular treatment of severe extracranial large vessel stenosis and concomitant unruptured ipsilateral intracranial aneurysm and discuss the safety and feasibility of this approach. In addition, distinct from the limited number of similar studies in the literature, we present our experience with bilateral carotid artery stenting (CAS) and proximal subclavian artery stenting during single-stage endovascular treatment.     

颈动脉支架成形术治疗重度颈动脉狭窄25例效果分析

目的 评价颈动脉支架成形术(CAS)治疗重度颈动脉狭窄患者手术特点、安全性和围手术期处理.方法 2011年12月至2016年5月采用CAS术治疗25例颈动脉狭窄＞85％患者,术中针对病变狭窄特点应用远端脑保护装置,注重个体化手术细节和围术期处理方案,观察血运重建、脑保护装置内脱落栓子情况,控制并发症发生.术后随访1年观察患者缺血性脑 血管事件发生情况.结果 25例患者脑保护装置均通过重度狭窄后成功释放,球囊预扩张、支架释放后形态满意.北美症状性颈动脉内膜剥脱术试验研究(NASCET)方法检测显示,平均颈动脉狭窄程度由术前(91.0±3.1)％降至术后(21.0±5.1)％,保护伞均顺利回收,其中6个伞中发现脱落组织碎片.围术期未出现症状性脑出血、脑梗死、高灌注综合征、死亡等严重事件.25例患者随访1年,无短暂性脑缺血发作、脑卒中、死亡发生.结论 CAS术治疗重度颈动脉狭窄患者时需注意术中个体化细节管理及围术期处理,选择合适的脑保护装置,以确保手术成功率和安全性.部分重度狭窄患者的术后疗效更直观而迅速.     

肾动脉瘤腔内治疗的护理体会

目的探讨肾动脉瘤血管腔内治疗的临床护理规范措施。方法回顾解放军总医院血管外科自2010年1月-2011年8月收治的肾动脉瘤患者的临床资料,总结肾动脉瘤规范护理观察要点及相应处理措施。结果本组共9例患者,其中6例行栓塞术,2例行支架植入术,1例行支架植入术联合弹簧圈栓塞。患者平均住院(10±2)d,1例出现术后尿潴留,1例术后腹膜后出血其余患者未发生与医疗及护理相关并发症。结论加强肾动脉瘤的规范化护理有助于提高患者手术耐受性,能有效预防并发症的发生。     

Treatment of Internal Carotid Artery Dissections with Endovascular Stent Placement: Report of Two Cases

Extracranial carotid artery dissection may manifest as arterial stenosis or occlusion, or as dissecting aneurysm formation. Anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet therapy is the first-line treatment, but because it is effective and less invasive than other procedures, endovascular treatment of carotid artery dissection has recently attracted interest. We encountered two consecutive cases of trauma-related extracranial internal carotid artery dissection, one in the suprabulbar portion and one in the subpetrosal portion. We managed the patient with suprabulbar dissection using a self-expandable metallic stent and managed the patient with subpetrosal dissection using a balloon-expandable metallic stent. In both patients the dissecting aneurysm disappeared, and at follow-up improved luminal patency was observed.     

颅外段颈/椎动脉夹层及动脉瘤的介入治疗观察

目的评价介入治疗颅外段颈/椎动脉夹层及动脉瘤的安全性和疗效。方法收集住院病例11例,其中男性7例,女性4例,发病年龄32~54岁,平均年龄(42±5)岁。临床表现:合并高血压者8例;同时合并高血压、糖尿病者3例;合并痛风1例;余3例未发现明显的危险因素。11例患者均在造影同时行血管成形术,包括对狭窄的颈内动脉/椎动脉进行球囊扩张和置放支架。其中7例颈内动脉植入自膨式血管支架9枚,4例椎动脉植入支架4枚。术后均抗血小板、抗凝治疗。术后及出院后随访3~29个月。结果 11例患者介入治疗均获成功,临床症状明显减轻或消失。无并发症及死亡病例。狭窄的动脉血流通畅,内径渐恢复正常,夹层动脉的动脉瘤也明显缩小。术后随访,均未见相关临床症状复发。结论介入治疗颅外段颈/椎动脉夹层及动脉瘤,损伤小、安全、有效。     

Preoperative risk stratification by adenosine thallium 201 single-photon emission computed tomography in patients undergoing vascular surgery

Background

Adenosine perfusion scintigraphy is a powerful technique for diagnosing coronary artery disease and risk stratifying patients with recent myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

We investigated the use of adenosine ²⁰¹Tl tomography to risk stratify 106 patients undergoing vascular arterial reconstruction consisting of lower limb arterial grafting in 44, aortic aneurysmectomy in 36, and carotid endarterectomy in 26 patients. Abnormal tomograms occurred in 57 patients (54%), 47 (82%) of whom had reversible perfusion defects. There were three postoperative deaths, all in the group that underwent aortic aneurysmectomy. Another patient with an aortic aneurysm had unstable angina and one patient who underwent lower limb arterial surgery had pulmonary edema after surgery. No patient without transient defects had an event (negative predictive value 100%). Cardiac events occurred only in patients with transient perfusion defects. However, only 5 of 47 such patients had events (positive predictive value 11%). The perfusion defect size (23%±14% vs 8.9%±135; p=0.034) and the ischemic fraction (20%±16% vs 5.6%±8.9%; p=0.009) were 2.5- and 3.5-fold larger, respectively, in patients with than in those without events. A history of diabetes mellius or previous infarction did not enhance the predictive value of the test.

Conclusion

Thus absence of reversible hypoperfusion during adenosine scintigraphy ensures virtual absence of postoperative cardiac events. Patients undergoing aortic aneurysmectomy may be targeted preferentially for risk-stratification strategies in the future.     

颅内外缺血性多血管病变的介入治疗选择

目的：通过选择性介入治疗颅内外缺血性多血管狭窄性病变,评价多血管病变介入治疗的安全性。方法：对150例颅内外缺血性多血管病变介入治疗的相关资料进行系统性回顾。结果：1150例多血管病变者,双侧颈内动脉同时狭窄〉70%者47例;单侧颈内动脉狭窄并单（或双）椎动脉狭窄〉70%者61例;双侧椎动脉狭窄〉70%者23例;单侧血管颅内外串联病变均需处理者19例。2共成功植入支架218枚,围手术期并发症5例（3.33%）,126例患者术后6-12个月随访无短暂性脑缺血发作及新发脑梗死。结论：通过对颅内外缺血性多血管狭窄性病变的介入治疗选择,可减少围手术期及远期并发症。     

颅外颈动脉螺旋CT血管造影的临床意义(附45例报告)

目的 报告颅外颈动脉ＣＴ血管造影（ＣＴＡ）的初步经验,探讨该技术对各种颅外颈动脉病变的诊断意义,并在可能范围内与数字减影血管造影（ＤＳＡ）作小样本的对照。方法 ４５例颈动脉ＣＴＡ,经最大密度投影（ＭａｘＩＰ）及表面灰度成像法（ＳＳＤ）行三维重建,其中５例在１周内作了ＤＳＡ检查。结果 ４５例颈动脉ＣＴＡ检查,共得到９０支血管图像。其中正常血管５５支,狭窄血管３１支,闭塞血管２支,颈内动脉动脉瘤１支,