Percutaneous US-guided RF thermal ablation for malignant renal tumors: preliminary results in 13 patients

Minimally invasive treatment for small renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be necessary in selected patients and, anyway, is desirable. In situ ablation techniques, including RFA, have been developed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, safety and short-term local effectiveness of percutaneous US-guided RFA in a small series, as well as mid-term patient outcome. Thirteen patients with a total of 18 tumors (17 small lesions, 35 mm in size or less, and a larger one, 75 mm in size) underwent 19 RFA sessions. Seven patients had a solitary kidney, and three suffered from VHL disease, too. We treated four lesions in a patient with a bilateral tumor. In another patient, three lesions were ablated. Seventeen tumors were RCC; one was a metastasis from lung cancer. Eight lesions were parenchymal, six exophytic, two parenchymal/exophytic, one parenchymal/central and one central. A monopolar RF system with multitined expandable electrode needles was used. The 35-mm lesion underwent two sessions; the 75-mm lesion was treated with transcatheter arterial embolization before RFA. Tumors with complete loss of contrast enhancement at short-term CT (or MR) were considered successfully treated. Percutaneous US-guided RFA was always feasible without major complications. The success rate after a single treatment in tumors less than 35 mm in size was 88.2% (15/17) and rose to 94.1% (16/17) after the second treatment of the largest lesion. After a mean 14-month follow-up, no successfully treated lesions recurred locally. Only the patient with metastasis from lung cancer died from disease progression in a further location, while all other patients are alive, with renal function still sufficient to avoid dialysis. US guidance allows an easy and safe percutaneous approach for RFA of small non-parahilar RCC. The treatment is locally effective and can be proposed as a minimally invasive therapy for patients with contraindications to surgery or to those expressing an informed consent. Based on the results of this study and of the literature, mid-term results on the clinical usefulness are very encouraging.Presented at ECR 2003.     

TACE联合RFA治疗膈下肝脏恶性肿瘤22例

目的 评价TACE联合RFA治疗膈下肝脏恶性肿瘤的安全性和疗效.方法 22例膈下肝脏恶性肿瘤患者共有26个病灶,单例病灶数目≤3个,直径≤5 cm.所有患者先行1～2次TACE术,术后3～5周行CT引导下RFA治疗,RFA术后4～8周复查MRI评价疗效.所有患者随访12 ～ 30个月,观察并发症和疗效.结果 22例患者26个病灶RFA术中未出现任何严重并发症,术后MRI复查22个(84.6％)病灶达到完全消融,4个(15.4％)病灶经2次RFA后达到完全消融.结论 TACE术可使肝脏恶性肿瘤病灶缩小,轮廓更加清晰,联合RFA治疗膈下肝脏恶性肿瘤更加安全、精确、有效.     

微波消融联合经导管动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肝细胞癌生存预测

【摘要】 目的 探讨影响微波消融（MWA）联合TACE治疗肝细胞癌（HCC）患者总生存期（OS）的预测因素，并对患者OS进行有效预测。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2017年3月行MWA联合TACE治疗的HCC患者59例。以OS为基础，针对13项潜在因素，采用单因素分析（Log- rank检验）及Cox多因素回归分析探讨影响OS的预测因素，并采用R软件构建预后列线图（nomogram）以预测OS，使用Harrell’s c statistic评价其准确性。 结果 59例患者的中位OS（mOS） 为（24.0±11.6） 个月，中位肿瘤进展时间为（10.3±5.9）个月。单因素分析及Cox多因素回归分析显示门静脉癌栓（PVTT）、甲胎蛋白（AFP）≥400 ng/mL、最大肿瘤直径≥7 cm是影响OS的预测因素。预后计算图（nomogram）的准确度评价Harrell’s c statistic为0.81。 结论 PVTT、AFP≥400 ng/mL、最大肿瘤直径≥7 cm是影响MWA联合TACE治疗HCC患者OS的预测因素，预后计算图可准确预测患者的OS。     

TACE Combined with Implantation of Irradiation Stent Versus TACE Combine with Bare Stent for HCC Complicated by IVCTT

Purpose

This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with intra-IVC implantation of an irradiation stent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated by inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis (IVCTT).

Methods

Sixty-one consecutive patients with HCC complicated by IVCTT treated by TACE combined with IVC stenting were retrospectively analysed. IVC stenting was performed using a stent loaded with ¹²⁵I seeds strands (the irradiation stent) in 33 patients (Group A) and 28 patients with a bare stent (Group B). Propensity score matching eliminated the baseline differences. Overall survival, oedema related to IVC obstruction remission rate and procedure-related adverse events were compared between the two groups.

Results

The adverse effect rate was similar for both Group A and Group B patients, and complications were adequately handled by medical treatment. TACE combined with implantation of an irradiation stent showed a significant median survival benefit over TACE combined with a bare stent, with a median survival time of 203.0 ± 28.135 days versus 93.0 ± 24.341 days (p = 0.006). The propensity score-matched (24 pairs) cohort analyses (200 ± 31.231 days vs. 66 ± 23.270 days, p = 0.019). The oedema remission rate was 97.0 % in group A patients and 96.4 % in group B, respectively. TACE-irradiation stent and object tumor response were the independent prognostic factors of favorable survival.

Conclusions

TACE combined with irradiation stent implantation is a safe and effective treatment modality for patients with HCC complicated by IVCTT and may extend their survival time.

     

Radiofrequency ablation of 40 lung neoplasms: preliminary results

OBJECTIVE: Radiofrequency thermal ablation is a minimally invasive treatment widely used for treatment of liver neoplasms and has also been tested on other types of tumor. Few studies have been published regarding the use of radiofrequency thermal ablation in the treatment of lung neoplasms. This study was performed to evaluate the technical feasibility, the safety, and the efficacy of lung radiofrequency thermal ablation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between February 2002 and March 2003, 18 subjects with unresectable lung neoplasms, four of whom had primary neoplasms and 14 of whom had metastatic neoplasms, underwent lung radiofrequency ablation. The technique was performed percutaneously using a monopolar cooled-tip electrode needle under CT guidance with the patient under general anesthesia. Patients had no more than three nodules with a total diameter of 10 cm and no evidence of extrathoracic disease. A total of 40 nodules were treated in 24 therapeutic sessions. After treatment, patients underwent follow-up every 3 months by CT and nuclear MRI with gadolinium for a median time of 8 months (range, 2-14 months). RESULTS: No evidence of local relapse was discovered in 94.4% of subjects. The treatment was safe and well tolerated. Complications encountered included massive pneumothorax, which occurred in one subject, requiring pleural drainage. Other complications were moderate pneumothorax (also requiring pleural drainage), cough, fever, slight dyspnea, and pain, but these complications were short in duration and successfully treated. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency thermal ablation is a promising technique in the treatment of patients with lung neoplasms and has been found to be both safe and technically feasible.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合CT引导射频消融序贯治疗中小肝癌的临床应用

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合CT引导射频消融(RFA)序贯治疗原发性中小肝癌的临床应用。方法对59例肝细胞性中小肝癌患者实施TACE联合CT引导RFA序贯治疗。结果 59例患者初次治疗,共80枚病灶,行TACE和RFA序贯治疗技术成功率100%。术后随访6～24个月,21例患者有病灶残余,再次行RFA或序贯治疗,3例再次联合放射性125I粒子植入治疗后,病灶控制良好。并发症有胆汁瘤合并胆道感染1例、门静脉分支血栓1例。结论 TACE联合CT引导RFA序贯治疗中小肝癌是一种微创、有效的方法,同时注意手术操作细节,对提高手术成功率,降低手术并发症有重要意义。     

超声引导下射频消融治疗甲状腺良性结节27例

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮射频消融(RFA)治疗甲状腺良性结节的临床效果.方法 选取2012年12月至2014年11月在超声引导下行经皮RFA术治疗的27例甲状腺结节患者,术后1、3、6个月超声观察病灶变化,计算体积及病灶缩小率,彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)和超声造影检测病灶血流信号消失程度.结果 经皮RFA术均成功,无中转开放手术,术后造影病灶处均无血流灌注;术中感牙痛2例,停止消融牙痛即缓解.1例消融后有声音嘶哑,未处理,3个月后声音恢复.RFA治疗后1、3、6个月,结节体积均有不同程度的缩小,CDFI和超声造影检测病灶内均无血流信号和血流灌注,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在随访过程中,消融区未出现对比剂重新填充的现象.高频超声检查显示,3枚结节在术后6个月完全消失,22枚结节消融于1年后直径缩小1/2,8枚结节消融于1年后直径缩小至不足1/2.与术前比较,治疗后1年内,所有结节直径明显缩小,数据具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后1周甲状腺功能指标有明显改变,术后1个月恢复术前水平.结论 超声引导下的RFA治疗能有效缩小并使其结节性甲状腺肿结节体积及直径消失,并发症较少,不影响甲状腺功能,创伤小,临床效果显著,是一种可行、安全、有效的治疗方法.     

Treatment of small HCC through radiofrequency ablation and laser ablation. Comparison of techniques and long-term results

PURPOSE: The aim of this trial was to compare the results obtained using laser ablation (LA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to treat small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2003 to 2005, a total of 81 cirrhotic patients (59 Child-Pugh A, 22 Child-Pugh B) presenting a total of 95 HCC nodules (mean diameter 27.9 mm) were treated with LA (41) and RFA (40). RESULTS: Computed tomography (CT) revealed complete tumour ablation in 78% of nodules treated with LA and in 94% of those treated with RA; the disease-free interval was 16.50+/-8.1 months. The cumulative survival rates were 91.8%, 59% and 28.4% at 12, 36 and 60 months, respectively. The patients treated with RFA had better survival rates than those treated with LA, although this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.3299). Univariate analysis of survival revealed statistically significant differences between the Child-Pugh A and B groups (p<0.0001), between HCC nodules measuring < or =25 mm and >25 mm (p=0.0001) and between patients with a single nodule and with two nodules (p=0.0484). CONCLUSIONS: We found LA and RFA to be equally effective. However, RA appears more suited to patients with small HCC nodules and in Child-Pugh class A.     

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of renal cell carcinoma: preliminary results

PURPOSE: To report early results in percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of renal cell carcinoma with an expandable RF probe. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 14 patients (9 male, mean age 67.9 +/- 9.9 years) CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of 15 renal cell carcinomas was performed using an expandable LeVeen probe (diameter 2-4 cm) and a 200-watt generator under general anesthesia and CT control. Tumors exceeding a diameter of 3 cm (n=6) were embolized within 24 h prior to RFA. Average tumor size was 3.0 +/- 1.0 cm. RESULTS: RFA was technically successful in all patients, resulting in a mean size of necrosis of 3.7 +/- 0.7 cm. With the exception of one reno-cutaneous fistula, which was successfully treated conservatively, no major complications were observed. No local recurrence was observed (follow-up: 13.9 +/- 12.4 months) while extrarenal tumor progression occurred in four patients. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary data suggest that nephron sparing percutaneous RFA of renal tumors with an expandable RF probe is safe and effective.     

TACE联合卡瑞利珠单抗及甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗晚期肝细胞癌16例

【摘要】 目的 评估TACE联合卡瑞利珠单抗及甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗晚期肝细胞癌（HCC）的安全性及疗效。方法 回顾性分析我科2019年1月至2020年12月接受TACE联合卡瑞利珠单抗及阿帕替尼治疗的HCC患者临床资料。依据NCI- CTCAE（National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events）标准评估患者联合治疗后不良事件发生率,依据mRECIST标准分析患者肿瘤完全缓解（CR）率、部分缓解（PR）率、稳定（SD）、肿瘤进展（PD）、疾病控制率（DCR）、无进展生存期（PFS）及总生存期（OS）。采用SPSS软件对患者随访数据进行分析。结果 收集联合治疗资料完善且符合本研究方案的患者16例。中位随访时间11个月（3～26个月）。TACE术后16（100%）例患者均出现栓塞后综合征,14（87.5%,95%CI,69.3%～100%）例患者出现靶向药及PD- 1相关并发症,其中6例（37.5%）患者出现3级并发症,包括2例（12.5%,95%CI,0～30.7%）手足综合征、3例（18.75%,95%CI,0- 40.2%）腹泻及1例（6.2%,95%CI,0～19.6%）免疫性肺炎。16例患者中2例（12.5%,95%CI,0～30.7%）CR,10例（62.5%,95%CI,35.9%～89.1%）PR,2例（12.5%,95%CI,0～30.7%）SD; 14例（87.5%,95%CI,69.3%～100%）DCR。中位PFS长达9个月（95%CI, 5.58～13.29个月）,中位OS长达 12个月（95%CI,9.04～16.09个月）。结论 TACE联合卡瑞利珠单抗及甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗晚期肝细胞癌严重不良事件发生率低、肿瘤控制率高,患者生存明显获益。     

Percutaneous radio-frequency ablation of osteoid osteoma: technique and preliminary results]

PURPOSE: To report our personal experience with the percutaneous technique for in situ destruction of osteoid osteoma using radio-frequency ablation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2000 to January 2001 we performed 16 radio-frequency ablations in 15 patients. All candidates for treatment had previously undergone clinical and radiologic examinations to confirm features typical of osteoid osteoma. After administration of spinal anesthetic, procedures were performed with CT-guidance, using a Kirschner wire introduced into the localized lesion, and a guiding cannula. A hole was first cut into the bone with a cutter, then a few biopsy specimens were obtained with a Jamshidi needle. Finally, we introduced a small radio-frequency electrode into the bone, through the biopsy track. Sufficient current was used to heat the electrode tip to 85-90 degrees C with consequent thermal necrosis of the tissue. The healing was continued for 6 minutes. RESULTS: All patients well tolerated the percutaneous procedure and only 1 underwent a second, successful radio-frequency ablation. In all cases, pain relief was noted to occur very rapidly and all patients could bear full weight on the treated extremity within 24 hours after the procedure. No late complications attributable to the ablation were noted, except for a small eschar next to the puncture site. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that percutaneous ablation is preferred to operative excision because it generally requires shorter hospital stay and is not associated with complications. Furthermore, in our experience, pain relief was noted to occur very rapidly in 100% of cases. In agreement with the literature data, our results show that CT-guided percutaneous radio-frequency ablation can actually replace operative excision in the treatment of osteoid osteoma as it achieves the same clinical outcomes with significantly lower costs.     

Percutaneous irreversible electroporation lung ablation: preliminary results in a porcine model

Objective  

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) uses direct electrical pulses to create permanent “pores” in cell membranes to cause cell death. In contrast to conventional modalities, IRE has a nonthermal mechanism of action. Our objective was to study the histopathological and imaging features of IRE in normal swine lung.     

肝动脉栓塞化疗联合射频消融与联合微波消融治疗原发性肝癌的疗效和安全性比较

目的 对比肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)联合射频消融(RFA)或联合微波消融(MWA)的近期局部疗效、安全性及生存率.方法 回顾性分析采用TACE联合RFA治疗或联合MWA治疗的原发性肝癌患者,比较两组术后AFP、肝功能、不良反应、并发症、术后3个月的影像学表现以及1年生存率情况.结果 射频联合组术后3个月边缘复发率9.8％,微波联合组23.7％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);射频联合组术后AFP平均下降为(412.47±373.81) ng/ml,微波联合组平均下降为(278.72±269.20) ng/ml,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后射频联合组ALT平均升高至(81.22±49.50) U/L、AST平均升高至(93.71±50.94) U/L,微波联合组ALT平均升高至(139.53±97.77) U/L,AST平均升高至(181.43±140.16) U/L;两组ALT及AST对比有统计学意义(P＜0.001);两组术后不良反应无明显差异,射频联合组并发症1例,微波联合组并发症2例,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),两组术后均未出现与治疗相关的死亡病例,1年生存率无差异(P＞0.05).结论 TACE联合RFA或联合MWA的近期局部疗效、并发症及1年生存率无显著差异,但射频联合组术后比微波联合组术后肝功能损伤轻微.     

动态弥散加权成像对HCC的TACE术疗效评价的临床应用

目的 探讨动态弥散加权成像对HCC的TACE术疗效评价的临床应用价值.方法 对确诊为HCC的46例患者在TACE治疗前1～3天、6h、24h、1个月、3个月采用平扫T1WI、FST2 WI、DWI扫描,术前诊断及术后1～3个月复查均行FST1WI动态增强扫描,DWI序列中弥散梯度因子（b值）分别取600、800、1 000s/mm2,测量ADC值,并与血管造影对比.结果 肿瘤的ADC值在TACE术后较术前升高,术前与术后1个月平均ADC值比较,差异有统计学意义.疗效良好的癌灶术后6h ADC值明显减低,术后24h至术后1、3个月,ADC值呈上升趋势;疗效中等的癌灶术后6h ADC值不均匀减低,术后24h始至术后1、3个月ADC值呈不均匀上升趋势;疗效差的癌灶术后6h ADC值无明显变化,术后24h始至术后1、3个月ADC值呈不均匀轻度降低.结论 动态DWI对HCC的TACE术疗效评估有重要的临床应用价值.     

经皮穿刺纳米刀消融治疗恶性肿瘤的初步应用(附3例报道)

目的 探讨经皮穿刺纳米刀消融技术治疗恶性肿瘤的的初步临床应用.方法 1例肝恶性肿瘤、2例胰腺恶性肿瘤患者在全麻下分别接受经皮穿刺纳米刀消融术,并以实体瘤疗效评价标准(RECIST1.1)进行疗效评价.结果 3例患者术中、术后均无明显并发症发生,术后2个月复查,1例患者肿瘤完全失活,达到完全缓解,另2例肿瘤大部分坏死、但周围仍有部分活性,其中1例还出现远处转移,分别达到部分缓解和疾病进展.结论 纳米刀消融术安全、有效,与传统消融手段相比优势独到,应用前景广泛,但在其临床应用中应注意严格把握适应证,并注重与其他治疗方法的联合应用.     

Correlation of Multislice CT and Histomorphology in HCC Following TACE: Predictors of Outcome

The purpose of this study was to correlate histopathological with CT findings in patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) eligible for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), with a special focus on the antitumoral effect of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy. A total of 42 consecutive patients suffering from HCC had been treated prior to OLT by means of TACE. TACE was carried out with a mixture of Lipiodol (10-20 ml) and mitomycin C (max. dosage, 10 mg). TACE was performed at 6- to 8-week intervals. Follow-up investigation included contrast-enhanced multislice CT controls and laboratory control. Liver explants were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically to determine the number and size of the tumor lesions as well as the degree of tumor necrosis. Necrosis was investigated in H&E-stained sections. The degree of necrosis was classified as follows: 0-25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, 75-99%, and complete necrosis. Two hundred thirty-one TACE procedures (5.5 +/- 2.9; range, 1-14) were performed. Mean tumor size in CT before and after TACE was 4.1 +/- 2.4 (range, 1.0-12.0 cm) and 2.7 +/- 1.2 (range, 1.0-6.0 cm; p < 0.001). Mean tumor number before and after TACE in CT was 2.5 +/- 1.5 (n = 105; range, 1-8) and 2.4 +/- 2.0 (n = 103; range, 1-6; p = 0.99). In the surgical specimen tumor size and tumor number were 2.8 +/- 1.6 (range, 1.0-7.0 cm; p = 0.78) and 1.9 +/- 1.2 (range, 1-7; p = 0.003). Mean tumor necrosis was 67.8% +/- 28.1%. Tumor necrosis was subtotal or complete in 17 of 42 (40.5%) patients. Tumor necrosis correlated significantly with the degree of arterial devascularization in CT (p = 0.001), the amount of Lipiodol washout (p = 0.002), and the number of tumor lesions (i.e., unifocal vs. multifocal). Furthermore, elevated serum levels of bilirubin (p = 0.005) and decreased albumin (p = 0.004) affected the local antitumoral effect. A poor necrosis rate (< 25%) significantly correlated with the number of TACE procedures accomplished (p = 0.023). In conclusion, TACE provided an acceptable local antitumoral effect in patients scheduled for liver transplantation. Tumor necrosis depended significantly on the degree of arterial devascularization and the accumulation of Lipiodol within the HCC lesions. Unifocal tumors and preserved liver function were positive predictors for a more favorable local antitumoral effect. Poor necrosis rates were found in patients with significant Lipiodol washout and who received a limited number of TACE procedures.     

Repeated TACE in HCC after Fontan surgery and situs viscerum inversus: A case report

We describe the case of a 32-year-old man who developed a liver neoplasm due to previous Fontan surgery (FS) for a single ventricle anomaly and situs viscerum inversus. He was admitted to our hospital for suspected hepatocellular carcinoma during an Ultrasound (US) follow up. Computed tomography (CT) showed features of chronic liver disease and 7 cm hepatic nodule with arterial enhancement. Laboratory analyses documented preserved liver function and increased levels of alpha-fetoprotein. Trans-arterial-chemoembolization (TACE) was performed obtaining complete necrosis at 4 weeks of follow up and significant reduction of alpha-fetoprotein. The patient is currently in follow-up, being evaluated for further treatments and/or combined liver-heart transplantation. TACE is a therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and with severe heart disease, like those submitted to FS and with also other vascular abnormalities like those correlated to situs viscerum inversus.