Central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction: A brief report and video technique

Low grade tumors located in the neck of the pancreas present a unique surgical challenge. Subtotal pancreatectomy results in significant loss of pancreatic gland and function, while pancreaticoduodenectomy may be too aggressive for these lesions. We present a case of a patient with a well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor in the neck of the pancreas who underwent a central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction. Patient selection and technical aspects of the procedure are described. The decision to perform a central pancreatectomy should not be made lightly as complications are frequent. Careful patient selection is imperative.     

Central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy in children

Children requiring surgical intervention for pancreatic disease may be at risk long term for exocrine insufficiency and glucose intolerance. Pediatric surgeons must balance the need to perform adequate surgical resection while preserving as much normal pancreatic parenchyma as possible. Neoplasms of the middle pancreatic segment with low malignant potential and isolated trauma to the pancreatic body or neck represent 2 conditions where extensive pancreatic resection is unnecessary. Central pancreatectomy for such lesions is well described in adults. Reconstruction of the distal pancreatic remnant is traditionally performed via Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy. Pancreaticogastrostomy is an alternative approach that has been used to reconstruct the distal pancreas in the adults. Pancreaticogastrostomy offers several technical advantages over pancreaticojejunostomy. Because children may be uniquely susceptible to the long-term consequences of excessive pancreatic resection, 2 cases using this technique of central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy are described.     

Initial experiences using robot-assisted central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy: a potential way to advanced laparoscopic pancreatectomy

Background  

Benign and borderline malignant pancreatic tumors are increasing. Function-preserving and minimally invasive pancreatectomy may be an ideal approach for these tumors.     

Central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy for benign pancreatic pathology

Benign lesions of the neck and proximal body of the pancreas pose an interesting surgical challenge. If the lesions are not amenable to simple enucleation, surgeons may be faced with the choice of performing a right-sided resection (pancreaticoduodenectomy) or a left-sided resection (distal pancreatectomy) to include the lesion, resulting in resection of a substantial amount of normal pancreatic parenchyma. Central pancreatic resection has been reported with Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy reconstruction; however, this interrupts small bowel continuity and obligates an additional anastomosis.We have reviewed our experience with central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) for benign central pancreatic pathology. Between January 1999 and December 2002, 14 central pancreatectomies were performed with PG reconstruction. There were 7 women and 7 men with a mean age of 60.9 years. Five resections were performed for islet cell tumors, three were performed for noninvasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, two were performed for serous cystadenoma, and one each was performed for a simple cyst, pseudocyst, mucinous metaplasia, and focal chronic pancreatitis. Seven out of 14 patients experienced a total of 10 complications. Pancreatic fistulae manifested by drainage of amylase-rich fluid from the operatively placed drains developed in 5 patients (36%). Reoperation or interventional radiologic procedures were not required in any patient with a fistula. Postoperative follow-up demonstrated 13 out of 14 patients to be alive and well without evidence of pancreatic insufficiency. One patient died at home on postoperative day 57 of cardiac pathology. Central pancreatectomy withPGis a safe and effective procedure that allows for preservation of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function without disruption of enteric continuity. The complication of pancreatic fistula was managed conservatively via maintenance of operatively placed drains. Presented at the Forty-Fourth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Orlando, Florida, May 18–21, 2003 (poster presentation).     

Middle-preserving pancreatectomy for multicentric body-sparing lesions of the pancreas

Background

The appropriate surgical approach of a pancreatic multifocal disease that skips the body of the gland remains unknown. We sought to analyze a parenchyma-sparing surgical technique consisting of a middle-preserving pancreatectomy (MPP) evaluating feasibility, safety, and oncological and functional outcomes.

Patients and methods

Between 1999 and 2007, 5 patients affected by pancreatic benign or slow malignant multicentric body-sparing disease underwent MPP.

Results

There were 3 men and 2 women with a median age of 35 years (range 28-70 years). The median operative time was 365 minutes (range 330-440 minutes). Postoperative mortality was nil and postoperative morbidity was 1 (20%). At a median follow-up of 20 months (range 14-118 months) all of the patients are alive and disease-free. Overall, 2 patients developed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, as well as exocrine insufficiency. One patient developed only exocrine insufficiency.

Conclusions

MPP is a feasible procedure and might reduce the risk of both endocrine and exocrine insufficiency.     

Distal pancreatectomy with duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy: a novel technique for preventing postoperative pancreatic fistula

Background

Management of the pancreatic remnant after distal pancreatectomy remains a clinically relevant problem and a significant clinical challenge. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy for preventing pancreatic fistula development after distal pancreatectomy.

Methods

Twenty-one patients underwent distal pancreatectomy using the duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy and the clinical data were collected prospectively. Pancreatic fistula was defined and classified according to the international study group definition.

Results

The median surgical time was 236 minutes, with a median intraoperative blood loss of 250 mL. Morbidity was 5% and mortality was nil. The postoperative pancreatic fistula rate of clinically relevant grade B or C fistulae was 0%, although the biochemical grade A fistula rate was 29%. Delayed gastric emptying developed in only 1 patient (5%).

Conclusions

Duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy may be a safe and effective technique for preventing pancreatic fistula development after distal pancreatectomy when performed by experienced surgeons who are skilled in this technique.     

Reconstruction by pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy following pancreatectomy: results of a comparative study

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of pancreaticogastrostomy versus pancreaticojejunostomy following pancreaticoduodenectomy in a prospective and randomized setting. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: While several techniques have been proposed for reconstructing pancreatico-digestive continuity, only a limited number of randomized studies have been carried out. METHODS: A total of 151 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy with soft residual tissue were randomized to receive either pancreaticogastrostomy (group PG) or end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy (group PJ). RESULTS: The 2 treatment groups showed no differences in vital statistics or underlying disease, mean duration of surgery, and need for intraoperative blood transfusion. Overall, the incidence of surgical complications was 34% (29% in PG, 39% in PJ, P = not significant). Patients receiving PG showed a significantly lower rate of multiple surgical complications (P = 0.002). Pancreatic fistula was the most frequent complication, occurring in 14.5% of patients (13% in PG and 16% in PJ, P = not significant). Five patients in each treatment arm required a second surgical intervention; the postoperative mortality rate was 0.6%. PG was favored over PJ due to significant differences in postoperative collections (P = 0.01), delayed gastric emptying (P = 0.03), and biliary fistula (P = 0.01). The mean postoperative hospitalization period stay was comparable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: When compared with PJ, PG did not show any significant differences in the overall postoperative complication rate or incidence of pancreatic fistula. However, biliary fistula, postoperative collections and delayed gastric emptying are significantly reduced in patients treated by PG. In addition, pancreaticogastrostomy is associated with a significantly lower frequency of multiple surgical complications.     

Retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy with concomitant distal pancreatectomy: case report

Whereas laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has emerged as the standard of care for most low-stage renal tumors, laparoscopic pancreatic surgery remains uncommon. We describe a retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy and concomitant distal pancreatectomy for a large left renal mass with suspected involvement of the adrenal gland and the distal pancreas.     

腹腔镜下保留脾脏的全胰腺切除术1例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨腹腔镜下保留脾脏的全胰腺切除术的安全性与可行性。方法:回顾分析2019年8月为1例患者行腹腔镜全胰腺切除术(保留脾脏)的临床资料。患者女,62岁,因体检发现胰头部占位2 d入院。术前诊断:胰腺头部占位(胰腺囊性假乳头状瘤?胰腺癌?)。探查胰腺病变及其与周围血管的关系,采用胰颈切开入路行胰十二指肠切除术,术中冰冻病理学检查提示:胰腺组织内可见癌浸润,行保留脾脏的胰腺体尾部切除术。完成胃肠吻合与肝总管空肠吻合。结果:手术过程顺利,手术时间11 h,术中出血300 mL。术后使用胰岛素泵与皮下注射胰岛素控制血糖,补充胰酶制剂。术后患者恢复顺利,无严重并发症发生。术后随访1个月,患者生活质量良好,血糖控制良好。术后病理示:全胰腺中分化导管腺癌。结论:腹腔镜下保留脾脏的全胰腺切除术治疗全胰腺病变是安全、可行的,围手术期应加强血糖控制,对胰腺内外分泌功能进行替代支持治疗。     

达芬奇机器人辅助保留脾脏的胰体、胰尾肿瘤切除术一例

目的探讨达芬奇机器人辅助下保留脾脏的胰体、胰尾肿瘤切除术的临床疗效及优势。 方法2020年5月,南通大学附属医院收治1例胰体、胰尾肿瘤患者,27岁,女性,MRI平扫+增强(上腹部)(1.5 T)检查提示：胰尾部占位,考虑神经内分泌肿瘤可能。在全身麻醉下使用达芬奇机器人(da Vinci Xi,P8)辅助保留脾脏的胰体、胰尾肿瘤切除术。术后评估患者的术中出血量、切口愈合、手术并发症、患者术后恢复及满意度情况。 结果患者术中出血量少,术后恢复好,无腹腔出血、感染,脾脏顺利保留。术后随访1年,患者未出现手术并发症,患者满意度高。 结论达芬奇机器人辅助保留脾脏的胰体、胰尾肿瘤切除术具有较传统腹腔镜手术更加高清的手术视野、安全且精准的手术操作,保留脾脏安全,可行度比传统腹腔镜手术更有优势。     

Islet autotransplantation combined with pancreatectomy for treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a case report

Extensive pancreatectomy (EP) may increase the resection rate of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA). Unfortunately, EP often results in unstable diabetes. Recently, islet autotransplantation (auto-Tx) has offered the potential to prevent this metabolic disorder. Because of the fear of contamination of prepared islets by malignant cells, this procedure has so far not been used as a treatment for PA. We herein report a case of a 63-year-old nondiabetic patient who underwent EP combined with islet auto-Tx in an emergency operation following histologically proved R(0)-resection for PA (pT(3)pN(1)G(2)). Islets were isolated from the excised pancreas using a continuous digestion filtration device. The resultant preparation was injected into the portal vein. Owing to the moderate fasting hyperglycemia, postoperative exogenous insulin therapy was necessary (26 U/d). After discharge, the patient's daily insulin dose was gradually reduced. At 1-year follow-up the fasting C-peptide level was 0.66 ng/mL, and an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) and an intravenous (IV) glucagon stimulation (GS) showed functioning engrafted islets. The K-ras mutations were detected in the paraffin-embedded PA, but not in the prepared islets or in the peripheral blood. Computed tomographic (CT) imaging revealed neither local tumor recurrence nor liver metastases. At 2-year follow-up, the patient was on a balanced food regimen and gaining weight. Although he remains insulin-dependent (16 U/d), he is metabolically stable (HbA(1)(c) 5.9%). The fasting C-peptide level is 0.68 ng/mL. The peak value of C-peptide in response to oGTT was 0.92 ng/mL and to GS 0.89 ng/mL. At this time Ca19-9 and CEA are increased to 35.3 U/mL and 19.2 ng/mL, respectively. The patient died 2.5 years after operation owing to tumor recurrence. There was no evidence for liver metastases. We postulate that histologic evaluation (R(0)-resection) and detection of K-ras mutations may be useful techniques. However, islet auto-Tx after EP for adenocarcinoma should only be regarded for rescue therapy. Studies on strategies to exclude possible contamination of islet tissue with carcinoma cells are critically important.     

Laparoscopic spleen-preserving pancreatectomy for traumatic pancreatic transection: a case report

Pancreatic transection from blunt trauma is uncommon. A 33-year-old woman suffered from blunt pancreatic trauma after a traffic accident. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed full thickness laceration through the body of the pancreas. She underwent laparoscopic spleen-preserving pancreatectomy with minimal morbidity. She remained well and without any complications 4 years after the operation.     

Middle-preserving pancreatectomy for synchronous ampullary carcinoma and solid-pseudopapillary tumor of distal pancreas

Introduction

Total pancreatectomy is the treatment of choice for multicentric diseases involving the pancreas. Middle-preserving pancreatectomy is a recently reported alternative procedure when the pancreatic body is spared from disease.

Presentation of case

We report a 63-year old lady who underwent a combined Whipple''s operation and distal splenopancreatectomy for her synchronous ampullary carcinoma and solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the distal pancreas.

Discussion

For multiple tumors of the pancreas, the choice of surgery should be based on the nature of pathology and follow the principle of oncological resection.

Conclusion

Middle-preserving pancreatectomy is a safe and feasible option for patient with multicentric or synchronous pancreatic pathologies.     

联合腹腔干切除的全胰十二指肠切除术一例报道并文献复习

目的 总结联合腹腔干切除的全胰十二指肠切除术治疗局部进展期胰颈腺癌的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析四川大学华西医院上锦医院肝胆胰微创中心2018年12月1例局部进展期胰颈腺癌患者经新辅助化疗后行联合腹腔干切除的全胰十二指肠切除术的临床资料.结果 本例患者手术顺利,手术时间480 min,出血量200 mL,术后仅出现肝尾叶...     

Hepatic actinomycosis after total pancreatectomy: A case report

Introduction and importanceHepatic actinomycosis (HA) is a rare infection mimicking a malignancy. HA after total pancreatectomy for a pancreatic tumor has not been reported.Case presentationA 70-year-old woman with a history of gastrectomy and sigmoidectomy for benign lesions, underwent a total pancreatectomy for a non-invasive, intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC). She required partial resection of the transverse colon due to insufficient blood flow and had an anastomotic failure. Four months later, she developed a fever and effusion from the upper abdominal midline incision. No bacteria were cultured from the effusion. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated an 80-mm iso-vascular liver mass. A slightly high-signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was demonstrated. Positron emission tomography (PET) showed a standardized uptake value of 11.9 at the liver mass. The percutaneous liver biopsy did not establish a diagnosis. Because a malignancy could not be ruled out, an exploratory laparotomy was performed. A tissue sample revealed aggregates of branched filamentous microorganisms; actinomycosis was diagnosed. Oral amoxicillin for 4 months resolved the mass.Clinical discussionThis patient had several causative factors for HA, including multiple surgical procedures involving the gastrointestinal tract, reconstruction of the biliary tract, anastomotic failure of the transverse colon, and diabetes mellitus following total pancreatectomy. Based on the past treatment history for IPMC and PET findings mimicking a malignancy, a laparotomy was performed to biopsy the lesion. Typically, penicillin is recommended for >6 months.ConclusionA rare case of HA mimicking a malignancy after a total pancreatectomy for IPMC is presented.     

Total pancreatectomy combined with partial pancreas autotransplantation for recurrent pancreatic cancer: a case report

We describe a patient presenting with a resectable carcinoma of the remnant pancreas at 3 years after undergoing a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreatic head. We also performed a distal pancreas autotransplantation using a part of the resected pancreas to preserve endocrine function. Final histologic findings showed the second tumor to be an invasive ductal carcinoma consisting of a well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with similar histopathologic findings as the first tumor. There were no microscopic lymph node metastases and no evidence of microvascular invasion (pStage IA [pT1, pN0, M0] and R0 according to the International Union Against Cancer TNM classification). The patient was discharged at 20 days after surgery without any trouble and followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. The carbohydrate antigen 19-9 value was again normalized after the second surgery. Twenty months after the second operation, the patient is alive without cancer recurrence. The pancreas graft is functioning with a blood glucose of 108 mg/dL, HbA1C of 6.2%, and serum C-peptide of 1.4 ng/mL.     

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with splenic preservation for serous cystadenoma: a case report and literature review

A minimally invasive approach can be beneficial in a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy. This article reports a 71-year-old woman who presented to her internist with hypertension and persistent hypokalemia. A computed tomography scan to rule out a functional adrenal mass incidentally revealed a 4 cm x 3 cm x 2 cm serous cystadenoma of the distal pancreas and normal adrenal glands. The patient was referred to the general surgery service for resection of the distal pancreatic lesion. A laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy was performed. The lesion was completely excised, and the pathology revealed serous cystadenoma with focal fibrosis and atrophic acini. The postoperative advantages of this approach were the early return of bowel function, minimal narcotic requirements, and early resumption of normal activities. This case illustrates the advantages of minimally invasive surgery in the performance of a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy.     

Fourteen-year results of a reversed vascularized second metatarsophalangeal joint transfer: a case report

We report a case of free vascularized, second-toe metatarsophalangeal joint transfer in a 34-year-old manual laborer. The metatarsophalangeal joint of the left second toe was transferred to the metacarpophalangeal joint of the right ring finger in a reversed fashion. Fourteen years after surgery the transferred joint is painless and stable and flexion is 80 degrees with extension lag of 52 degrees without arthritic changes on radiographs.