胰腺微血管构筑——光镜和扫描电镜观察

本文通过用墨汁注射兔胰腺血管,冰冻切片以及用甲基丙烯酸甲酯为铸型剂制备的犬和猴胰腺微血管铸型,分别用光镜和扫描电镜观察胰腺的微血管构筑。结果表明胰腺小叶内动脉向胰岛毛细血管网,腺泡毛细血管网和导管周围毛细血管网分别发出输入微动脉,即胰岛微动脉,腺泡微动脉和导管周围微动脉。而胰岛的血液经胰岛一腺泡门脉血管,胰岛—小导管路径以及直接注入小叶内或小叶间静脉三种途径离开胰岛。     

豚鼠下颌下腺微血管构筑

主要以血管铸型扫描电镜法,辅以血管灌注乳胶后,用HCl-Tween除去结缔组织扫描电镜法以及石腊切片H.E染色法,观察了豚鼠下颌下腺的微血管构筑,特别注意观察其导管周围血管从的构筑特点。豚鼠下颌下腺导管基本上是二分叉型,但不规则,共分7～8级,分叉角为40～80°,整个导管树均有周围血管丛缠绕。排泄管的周围血管丛分为内外两层,内层为毛细血管网;外层为复杂构筑的静脉套,包括钮孔静咏和环行静脉构成的复杂形式的静脉分流回路,静脉套上有动一静脉吻合。闰管和分泌管的周围血管丛由来自腺泡毛细血管的门静脉性血管供应。另外,在小叶门处存有复杂形态的动-静脉吻合及静-静脉吻合。文中讨论了上述诸结构特点的功能意义。     

大白鼠肾上腺的血管构筑

本实验采用血管铸型扫描电镜,注射明胶卡红组织切片显微镜下观察和注射铅丹乳胶追踪血管来源三种方法对14只健康大白鼠肾上腺血管构筑进行了研究。大白鼠肾上腺动脉发自腹主动脉和肾动脉。它们在行程中发出分支至腺体表面,再次分支穿入囊内,逐级分支至毛细血管。皮质动脉发自囊内血管,它们在皮质中分支分布。球状带的毛细血管与囊的毛细血管相连,毛细血管在球状带围绕细胞团形成网眼状;在束状带呈放射状排列;在网状带吻合增多形成网状。髓质动脉亦发自囊的血管,它们在皮质中不发分支直抵髓质,在髓质分成毛细血管。网状带的毛细血管越向髓质口径越粗,它们在皮髓交界处互相吻合形成更粗的静脉,这些静脉逐级吻合,最后形成一主干——中央静脉,它穿出皮质出现于肾上腺门处。左侧的中央静脉注入在肾静脉,右侧的注入下腔静脉。     

人鼻腔粘膜的微血管立体构型——扫描电子显微镜观察

本文应用微血管腐蚀铸型—扫描电镜观察的方法,研究了2例幼几鼻腔粘膜区的微血管系统的立体构型。在扫描电镜下,初级微动脉互相吻合形成初级微动脉拱,次级微动脉互相吻合形成次级微动脉拱,两种微动脉拱类似“立体桥”外型式配布。毛细血管网的构型各有特点,在鼻前庭区其形态分两类:①螺旋形毛细血管袢;②多袢形毛细血管树。鼻道区的毛细血管网呈重叠式配布。在粘膜的基底面,可见有动脉与静脉伴行。毛细血管从不同方向和不同空间注入微静脉。本文还论述了鼻粘膜区微血管的类型与生理功能的关系,对认识鼻粘膜区的微循环特征和鼻病的过程有一定的临床意义。     

人胰岛微血管构筑的研究

为研究急性坏死性胰腺炎的发病机理，采用墨汗灌注光镜观察法、微血管铸型扫描电镜观察法，研究了成人胰腺胰岛的微血构筑。结果表明：成人胰腺内绝大多数胰岛由小叶内动脉直接分支供应；胰岛内微循环流向可分为三种类型，即中央型、周围型和混合型；胰岛输出血管——胰岛－腺泡门脉血可分为聚合型和连续型两种类型；少数小胰岛无小叶内动脉分支直接供应，而由附近较大胰岛的输出血管供给，这种连接大、小胰岛之间的血管称为胰岛－胰     

慢性乙型肝炎肝脏微循环障碍的临床研究

肝脏微循环是以肝血窦为中心,由注入肝窦的终末肝小动脉及与之相伴行的终末门小静脉构成的循环,具有特殊的结构和功能。正常肝脏微循环肝实质的微循环单位是肝腺泡(Liver acinus)。肝腺泡以门管区的小叶间动脉、小叶间静脉、小叶间胆管发出的终末支为中轴,两端以     

唾液腺的微血管构筑

近年来对唾液腺的了解逐渐复杂化,它不但具有分泌唾液的外分泌功能,更具有特殊的内分泌功能。唾液腺的微循环不仅与唾液的分泌有关,更重要的是与唾液的形成过程及内分泌的调节功能密切相关。现就唾液腺的微血管构筑综述如下。 1 唾液腺腺泡周围的微血管腺泡周围毛细血管排列稀疏,相邻两个分枝点间距24～45μm。毛细血管一般走行在唾液腺腺泡之间,面对相邻细胞的基底面。在人的下颌下腺腺泡细胞的基底面有基底褶。Tandler认为这种结构基底能使水和无机盐离子通过细胞的转运速度加快,有利于唾液的形成。腺泡周围毛细血管网     

γ-氨基丁酸及其受体在大鼠颌下腺表达和分布特征

目的：检测γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）及其受体在大鼠颌下腺上皮细胞的表达及分布特征，探讨GABA与腺体合成和分泌功能的关系。方法：用免疫组化EnVision技术，检测GABA、GABA-A和GABA-B受体在SD大鼠颌下腺中的表达，并比较GABA和受体在腺泡和导管系统中的表达强度和细胞分布特征。结果：GABA、γ-氨基丁酸A受体α1亚基（GABA-A α1）、GABA—BR1和GABA-BR2在SD大鼠颌下腺中均有阳性表达。GABA主要分布在颌下腺腺泡和闰管、纹状管和小叶间导管上皮细胞，导管上皮强度大于腺泡上皮，且以纹状管和小叶间导管表达强度更明显，而分布特征比较一致，均位于细胞基底部。GABA-A α1表达于颌下腺小叶间导管、纹状管和部分腺泡上皮；GABA—BR1仅在纹状管上皮有散在表达。结论：大鼠颌下腺腺泡和导管上皮细胞中存在GABA及其受体，GABA系统可能通过GABA受体参与颌下腺分泌和排泄的调控。     

真皮下血管网皮片移植血运重建的实验研究

本文探讨:(1)真皮下血管网在皮片移植后不同时间的演变(活体观察法);(2)血管网植皮与全厚植皮血运重建的对比中,真皮下血管网的作用(微动脉灌注法)。证实真皮下血管网主要在植皮后1周内对皮片的成活发挥作用,即通过受皮区向皮片长入毛细血管而沟通,于术后3天使血管网充盈血液;第5—7天皮片与受皮区的毛细血管干及微动脉的互相吻接,明显地促进了皮片的     

绿茶银花饮漱治疗潴留囊肿

粘液腺囊肿(mucoceles)是口腔科常见疾病之一。系由于粘液腺排泄管受阻,腺体内的分泌物潴留于腺内,使腺泡逐渐膨胀而形成囊肿。受阻原因多系慢性炎症或损伤,有时是多次反复损伤,以后形成瘢痕而阻塞排泄管。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.