贵州省彝族、瑶族、汉族人群乙型肝炎病毒感染与白细胞介素一10一592多态性相关研究

目的 研究贵州省世居少数民族(彝族、瑶族)及汉族人群白细胞介素(IL)-10基因多态性与HBV易感性的相关性.方法 对研究人群采用PCR-RFLP方法分析IL-10基因启动子区-592位点多态性.结果 贵州省黔西彝族、威宁彝族、荔波瑶族及汉族人群的IL-10-592位点基因型频率分别为:纯合突变型(AA)为51.43%、40.74%、32.53%、49.59%;杂合子(AC)41.9%、40.74%、54.82%、44.63%;野生型(CC)6.67%、18.52%、12.65%、5.79%.等位基因频率:A为59.94%～72.38%,C为27.62%～40.06%.IL-10-592基因型频率在威宁彝族、黔西彝族、荔波瑶族、荔波汉族间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中荔波瑶族与黔西彝族、荔波瑶族与荔波汉族、黔西彝族与威宁彝族、威宁彝族与荔波汉族之间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).IL-10-592基因多态性在民族总体人群以及黔西彝族感染组与非感染组中的分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 IL-10基因启动子区-592位点多态性可能与贵州省汉、瑶、彝族人群的HBV易感性相关.IL-10基因多态性可能是HBV易感的危险因素之一.     

贵州彝、瑶族及汉族HBV感染与IL-10-819相关性

目的 探讨贵州世居少数民族--威宁、黔西彝族,荔波瑶族以及荔波汉族人群白细胞介素-10-819(IL-10-819)基因多态性与乙型肝炎病毒易感性的相关性.方法 对500名不同民族研究对象采用序列特异性引物-聚合酶链式反应(PCR-SSP)方法分析IL-10-819位点多态性.结果 贵州威宁彝族、黔西彝族、荔波瑶族及汉族人群的IL-10-819位点基因型频率分别为:纯合突变型(TT)为40.74%、44.80%、34.30%、50.40%;杂合子(CT)为40.74%、49.50%、54.20%、43.00%;野生型(CC)为18.52%、5.70%、11.45%、6.60%;贵州威宁彝族、黔西彝族、荔波瑶族、荔波汉族IL-10-819基因型频率分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);IL-10-819基因型频率在黔西彝族、荔波汉族感染组与非感染组间分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 IL-10基因启动子区-819位点多态性可能与贵州汉、瑶、彝族的乙肝易感性相关;IL-10基因多态性可能是乙肝易感的危险因素之一.     

IL-4基因多态性与HBV遗传易感性的研究

目的 探讨白介素4(interleukin-4,IL-4)基因的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)与皖汉族人群乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)遗传易感性的关系.方法 采用病例对照研究,501位慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者和301位急性自限性HBV感染者分别组成病例组和对照组;采用多重单碱基延伸SNP分型技术(Multiplex SNaPshot),检测两组人群的IL-4基因rs2227284G/T、rs2243283C/G和rs2243288A/G 3个标签SNPs位点的单核苷酸多态性,分析两组间的等位基因频率、单体型频率、基因型是否存在统计学差异.结果 IL-4基因3个多态位点的基因型频率在两组间差异均无统计学意义(均有P＞0.05);IL-4基因3个态位点最小等位基因及其频率在两组间差异均无统计学意义(均有P ＞0.05);4个单体型GCA、TCA、TCG及TGG两组间差异均无统计学意义(均有P＞0.05).结论 皖汉族人群中IL-4基因的3个tagSNPs(rs2227284,rs2243283和rs2243288)位点的基因多态性与HBV感染的基因易感性可能无相关性.     

白细胞介素10基因多态性与慢性牙周炎易感性的病例对照研究

目的 探讨IL-10基因多态性与中国汉族人群慢性牙周炎(CP)发病间的关系.方法 采用病例对照研究设计和PCR方法分别检测病例组(299例)、对照组(308例)IL-10基因-1082、-819位点的基因型和等位基因频率的差异.结果 IL-10基因-1082、-819两个多态性位点的基因型分布与Hardey-Weinberg平衡的理论频数之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).单因素分析表明IL-10基因-1082、-819位点各基因型和等位基因型分布在病例组和对照组中差异无统计学意义(OR=0.93,P＞0.05;OR=103,P＞0.05).结论 IL-10基因-1082、-819位点位点基因多态性与中国汉族人群CP的易感性无显著关联.     

IL-28B遗传多态性与乙型肝炎病毒感染后病毒自然清除和疾病进展关系的研究

目的 探讨IL-28B基因rS8099917位点(T＞G)单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染后病毒自然清除和疾病进展的关系.方法 采用TaqMan SNP基因分型的方法对健康人群(n=144)、感染HBV后自愈人群(n=143)、HBV持续感染人群(肝硬化患者100例,肝癌患者99例)进行IL-28B基因rs8099917位点的多态性检测.结果 基因型和等位基因频率在各组及总体均符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡.486例研究对象的基因型分布:TT型占89.3％、GT占10.5％、GG占0.2％;等位基因频率:T为94.5％,G为5.5％.该位点基因型和等位基因频率在各组间及各组内不同性别间的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).以健康组为对照经性别和年龄因素调整后,TG/GG型在自愈组、肝硬化组和肝癌组的OR值(95％CI)分别为1.589(0.735 ～ 3.437)、1.351(0.550 ～ 3.316)和1.704(0.717～4.052).各临床特征在不同性别人群中与基因型分布的相关性分析显示,肝癌组中TG/GG型携带者r-GTⅡ阳性的风险显著高于TT型(x2=17.534,P=0.001),OR值(95％CI)为14.821(3.227～ 68.064),特别是在男性中该关联更为密切(x2=14.924,P=0.014),OR值(95％CI)为45.000(2.772～730.571).结论 IL-28B基因rs8099917位点与HBV感染后病毒自然清除可能不存在关联性,对慢性肝病进展的影响有待大样本深入分析.     

贵州省侗族、汉族人群乙型肝炎病毒感染结局与趋化因子RANTES基因一403G/A及一2 8C/G位点多态性研究

目的 探讨贵州省世居侗族和汉族人群趋化因子RANTES基因(regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted)-403G/A和-28C/G位点多态性与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染后结局的相关性.方法 采取病例对照方法,募集侗族和汉族共计229例HBV持续感染者、161例HBV清除者作为研究对象,同时选取200例正常者作为对照组.应用TaqMan-MGB探针实时荧光聚合酶链反应SNP分型技术对趋化因子RANTES基因-403G/A和-28C/G位点进行分型测定.结果 趋化因子RANTES基因-403G/A和-28C/G基因型频率在侗族汉族HBV持续感染组、HBV清除组和正常对照组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),单因素分析发现-403AG 和-28GG增加HBV持续感染的危险度(OR＝ 1.292,OR＝1.151).趋化因子RANTES-28C/G基因型频率在侗族和汉族HBV持续感染组分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而RANTES-403G/A各基因型在两族人群中分布的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 携带趋化因子RANTES-403AG和-28GG基因型HBV持续感染风险性高.RANTES-403A有助于HBV清除.     

白介素-1O、干扰素-γ基因多态性与肺结核病易感性的关系

目的 探讨白介素-10(IL-10)基因-1082G/A位点和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)基因+874A/T位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与肺结核病易感性的关系.方法 采用序列特异性引物PCR(PCR-SSP)及测序技术检测深圳地区汉族人群肺结核病例组及对照组各200例IL-10启动子区-1082G/A、IFN-γ+874A/T位点基因多态性.结果 病例组IL-10(-1082)位点A/A纯合子、A/G杂合子、G/G纯合子基因型频率分别为85.4%、13.1%、1.5%,对照组分别为77.5%、22.0%、0.5%;病例组A、G等位基因频率分别为91.9%、8.1%,对照组分别为88.5%、11.5%.两组间基因型分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).病例组A/A基因型高于对照组,G/A基冈型低于对照组(P＜0.05).但两组的A、G等位基冈频率分布差异没有统计学意义.IFN-γ(+874)位点基因型频率及等位基因频率在病例组和对照组中分布无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 中国汉族人群中细胞因子IL-10(-1082)基因SNP与肺结核易感性相关.A/A基因型可能是一个肺结核易感的风险因素.细胞因子IFN-γ(+874)基因位点SNP与肺结核易感性无关.     

唐山地区汉族人群脑梗死患者IL-6基因-174G/C多态性研究

[目的]探讨唐山地区汉族人群脑梗死患者IL-6基因-174G/C多态性。[方法]采用应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法测定唐山地区汉族人群中157例脑梗死患者及163例健康对照人群IL-6-174G/C的基因型分布及等位基因频率。[结果]与对照组相比,脑梗死组血脂中的低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)显著升高(P﹤0.05),高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)显著降低(P﹤0.05),脑梗死组甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)与对照组比较无统计学意义;脑梗死组的空腹血糖(FBS)、纤维蛋白原(Fg)明显高于对照组(P﹤0.05),唐山地区汉族人群人群IL-6基因174位点仅发现GG、GC两种基因型,未见CC基因型。脑梗死组GG、GC两种基因型频率及G、C等位基因频率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥O.05)。[结论]IL-6-174G/C基因多态性可能与唐山地区汉族人群脑梗死发病无关。     

健康人群谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1基因型分布

目的 探讨广东地区瑶族和汉族健康人群谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1(GSTM1)基因多态性的分布.方法 采用双重PCR方法检测237例瑶族和229例汉族人群GSTM1基因型.结果 瑶族和汉族人群GSTM1缺失基因型频率分别为68.35%(162/237)及64.19%(147/229),2者之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);同民族不同性别之间差异亦无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 广东地区瑶族和汉族健康人群GSTM1基因呈多态性分布.     

咸宁地区汉族人群人类白细胞抗原-DPA1/B1和白细胞介素-28B基因多态性与丙型肝炎易感性和HCV-RNA的关系

目的探讨咸宁地区汉族人群人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-DPA1/B1、白细胞介素-28B(IL-28B)基因多态性与丙型肝炎易感性和丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸(HCV-RNA)的关系。方法于2017年3月至2018年10月选取咸宁市疾病预防控制中心收治的260例汉族丙型肝炎患者(肝炎组)和体检中心同时间段接收的400例汉族健康志愿者(健康组)实施病例-对照研究,分别检测HLA-DPA1/B1、IL-28B基因多态性,比较两组等位基因频率,分析其与咸宁地区汉族人群丙型肝炎易感性的关系;分析HLA-DPA1/B1、IL-28B基因多态性与HCV-RNA的关系。用SPSS 25.0统计学软件进行数据处理。结果肝炎组HLA-DPB1 0201等位基因频率和IL-28B rs8099917位点G等位基因频率均明显高于健康组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。HLA-DPB1 0201等位基因、IL-28B rs8099917位点G等位基因均是丙型肝炎易感性的独立危险因素(OR值分别为6.221、6.706,P0.01),HLA-DPB1 0201等位基因、IL-28B rs8099917位点G等位基因均是HCV持续感染的独立危险因素(OR值分别为5.312、6.190,P0.01)。结论咸宁地区汉族人群中HLA-DPB1 0201、IL-28B rs8099917位点G等位基因频率增高可提高丙型肝炎的患病几率,也是持续感染的危险因素,可将其作为丙型肝炎防治的靶点,为丙型肝炎治疗药物的研究提供新的方向。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.