家兔缺血再灌注肾组织胰岛素受体的分析

目的:观察家兔急性缺血再灌注(IR)后不同时相,肾组织胰岛素受体及血清胰岛素水平的变化。方法:采用钳夹肾动脉的方法建造急性缺血再灌注肾损伤模型。实验动物分为对照组、缺血再灌注(IR)组,测定两组动物的肾组织胰岛素受体、血糖和血清胰岛素水平。结果:IR2h时,对照组、IR组血清胰岛素水平均较术前显著升高(P＜0.05),但IR组胰岛素升高更为显著(P＜0.05vscontrol),48h时对照组胰岛素水平接近正常水平,IR组也明显低于2h时(P＜0.05),但仍高于对照组(P＜0.05)。IR2h时,两组动物血糖均较术前增高,但以IR组增高更为显著(P＜0.05vscontrol)。放射性配基结合分析法中,Scatchard作图得到一下凹曲线。IR2h,IR组胰岛素高、低亲和力受体最大受体结合容量Bmax₁和Bmax₂,高、低亲和力常数Kd₁和Kd₂均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。48h时,二组动物Kd₁、Bmax₁和Bmax₂无明显差异,但IR组Kd₂高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论:实验结果显示,在肾IR过程中,内源性胰岛素的作用减弱,胰岛素受体数目的减少或与配体亲和力减弱。     

人补体C5b~9复合物对大鼠肾系膜 细胞一氧化氮生成的影响

目的:探讨人补体 C_5b~9复合物对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(MC)合成一氧化氮(NO)的影响。方法:首先提取人补体C_5b~9复合物,同时培养出大鼠肾小球MC。然后用C_5b~9复合物刺激MC,观察刺激后6 h、24 h、和48 h培养上清液中NO代谢产物-硝酸根(NO₃^-)和亚硝酸根(NO₂^-)量的变化,并测定刺激后24 h、48 h时MC内环鸟苷酸(cGMP)的水平。结果:用人C_5b~9复合物刺激大鼠MC后可致培养上清中NO₃^-/NO₂^-含量增加,细胞内cGMP水平上升。NO合成增多能够被NO合酶(NOS)抑制剂—─-N^G-硝基-L-精氨酸甲基酯(L-NAME)所抑制。结论:人C_5b~9复合物能够增加大鼠肾MC 的NO合成。     

大鼠肺纤维化形成中肺巨噬细胞增殖和凋亡的变化

目的:观察肺纤维化形成过程中,肺泡巨噬细胞数量、增殖和凋亡的变化。方法:气管内滴注平阳霉素(BLMA₅)(5mg/kg),观察注后14d和30d组大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中肺泡巨噬细胞数量、增殖和凋亡的变化以及细胞的MTT活力。结果:(1)BLMA₅14d组和30d组大鼠BALF中巨噬细胞数分别多于sham14d和30d组,(分别P＜0.01,P＜0.05);但BLMA₅30d组的细胞数明显少于BLMA₅14d组(P＜0.05);(2)BLMA₅14d组巨噬细胞增殖指数高于sham14d组(P＜0.05),而BLMA₅30d组增殖指数低于sham30d组(P＜0.05);(3)BLMA₅14d和30d组凋亡细胞数分别多于sham14d和30d组(均P＜0.01),但BLMA₅14d组少于BLMA₅30d组(P＜0.05);(4)BLMA₅14d和30d组大鼠BALF中巨噬细胞数MTT活力分别高于sham14d和30d组,分别P＜0.01,P＜0.05。结论:在肺纤维化形成过程中,肺巨噬细胞增殖能力先增强后减弱;而肺巨噬细胞凋亡始终增加,上述变化是导致肺巨噬细胞数量和功能变化的因素之一。     

大鼠肺纤维化形成过程中肺内一氧化氮代谢的动态变化

目的:观察大鼠肺纤维化过程中肺内一氧化氮代谢的动态变化及其与肺纤维化形成的关系。方法:气管内一次性滴注平阳霉素(5mL/kg),观察注后7、14、21、30d和70d组大鼠肺组织羟脯氨酸含量,出、入肺血NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量以及14d组肺泡巨噬细胞培养上清液中NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量和肺间质诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)免疫组化阳性细胞数量的变化。结果:7d组大鼠肺组织羟脯氨酸含量与对照组比无明显差异,14d组高于对照组(P＜0.05),21d组、30d组和70d组更为明显(均P＜0.01)。7d组、14d组出肺血NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量明显高于对照组(均P＜0.01),入肺血NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量明显低于对照组(均P＜0.01),21d组出肺血NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量的变化无明显差异(P＞0.05),入肺血仍较低(P＜0.01),30d组和70d组出、入肺血NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量与对照组无明显差异(P＞0.05)。14d组大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞培养上清液中NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量明显高于对照组(P＜0.01)。14d组大鼠肺间质iNOS免疫组化阳性细胞增多。结论:大鼠肺纤维化形成过程中,先有肺内NO生成增多,后出现肺纤维化;在肺纤维化形成后,肺内NO趋向恢复。肺内NO增多与肺泡巨噬细胞释放NO能力增加、肺内iNOS的增多有关。肺内NO的大量生成可能是促使肺纤维化形成的因素之一。     

胆汁中凝血状态与胆囊结石形成关系的研究

目的:通过研究胆固醇结石(简称胆石)病人胆囊胆汁中的凝血状态及其与交联纤维蛋白生成的关系来探讨胆石的形成机制。方法:收集胆石病人胆囊胆汁26份和非胆石病人胆囊胆汁17份, 测定胆汁中的凝血酶原片段F₁₊₂抗原、凝血因子Ⅷ抗原、纤维蛋白原抗原、抗凝血酶Ⅲ抗原和活性、组织因子抗原、组织因子途径抑制物抗原、蛋白C抗原、蛋白C活性、总蛋白S和游离蛋白S。结果:胆石组胆汁中纤维蛋白原抗原、凝血因子Ⅷ抗原、抗凝血酶Ⅲ抗原和组织因子抗原均高于非胆石组(P＜0.01);胆石组凝血酶原片段F₁₊₂抗原、抗凝血酶Ⅲ抗原与活性之比高于非胆石组(P＜0.05), 抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性低于非胆石组(P＜0.05);两组间组织因子途径抑制物抗原和蛋白C抗原无显著差异。结论:组织因子是胆石病人胆囊胆汁中凝血活性亢进的启动因子;胆石病人胆囊胆汁中凝血活性增高, 但抗凝活性并没有相应增强。     

葛根素对慢性低氧高二氧化碳大鼠肺动脉管壁胶原代谢的影响

目的:探讨葛根素对慢性低氧高二氧化碳大鼠肺动脉管壁胶原代谢的影响。方法:采用图像分析、氯胺T法、免疫组化、组织原位杂交技术等方法观察葛根素对慢性低氧高二氧化碳大鼠肺组织羟脯氨酸含量、肺小血管显微结构、肺动脉管壁Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原和Ⅰ、Ⅲ型前胶原基因的影响。结果:①光镜下葛根素组内弹力板扭曲、中膜平滑肌细胞增生及管腔狭窄程度均明显轻于低O₂高CO₂组。②血浆ET含量低O₂高CO₂组明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.01), 葛根素组明显低于低O₂高CO₂组(P＜0.01)。血浆NO含量低O₂高CO₂组明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.01), 葛根素明显高于低O₂高CO₂组(P＜0.01)。③氯胺T法发现肺组织羟脯氨酸含量低O₂高CO₂组明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.01), 葛根素组明显低于低O₂高CO₂组(P＜0.01)。④免疫组化、原位杂交法发现肺细小动脉Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA平均吸光度值低O₂高CO₂组明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.01), 葛根素组明显低于低O₂高CO₂组(P＜0.01)。而Ⅲ型胶原及Ⅲ型前胶原mRNA平均吸光度值各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05)。结论:葛根素降低慢性低O₂高CO₂性肺动脉高压、改善肺血管重建可能与其抑制肺动脉管壁胶原的沉积有关。     

不同分娩方式对母婴垂体前叶激素的影响

目的：研究不同的分娩方式对孕妇及胎儿垂体前叶激素分泌的影响。方法：选取25例自然经产道顺产孕妇（顺产组）;25例剖宫产孕妇,手术采取脊麻-硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉（剖宫产组）。以免疫学方法分别测得孕妇外周血及胎儿脐血中泌乳素（PRL）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）浓度。结果：顺产组孕妇及胎儿PRL、TSH、ACTH均比剖宫产组高（P〈0.05）。结论：剖宫产手术可影响孕妇及胎儿垂体激素水平,垂体分泌PRL、TSH、ACTH功能降低。     

糖尿病大鼠肾脏细胞因子基因表达初步研究

目的:研究糖尿病大鼠肾脏细胞因子mRNA的表达。方法:大鼠随机分成2组:单肾切组、糖尿病组。实验第8周,应用RT-PCR技术检测大鼠肾皮质转化生长因子-β₁ (TGF-β₁)、血小板衍化生长因子-B(PDGF-B)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)及Ⅳ型胶原mRNA的表达。 结果: 糖尿病组大鼠肾皮质TGF-β₁ (P＜0.01)、 PDGF-B(P＜0.01)、TNF-α(P＜0.01)及Ⅳ型胶原(P＜0.01)mRNA的表达显著高于单肾切组大鼠。结论: 在实验性大鼠糖尿病肾皮质TGF-β₁、PDGF-B 、TNF-α和Ⅳ型胶原mRNAs表达显著增加。     

加味四逆散对慢性心理应激大鼠胸腺糖皮质激素受体作用的研究

目的:观察加味四逆散对慢性心理应激大鼠胸腺细胞糖皮质激素受体作用的影响。方法:大鼠随机分为正常对照组(C组)、模型组(M组)、加味四逆散组(C₁组)、人参皂甙组(C₂组)。采用放射免疫方法检测大鼠胸腺细胞糖皮质激素受体的数目、核转移率。结果:M组胸腺重量指数显著低于C组,糖皮质激素受体(GCR)的数目差异不显著;胸腺糖皮质激素受体的核转移率显著高于C组(P<0.01)。C₁组与C₂组的大鼠胸腺细胞糖皮质激素受体复合物的核转移率均显著低于M组,胸腺重量指数显著高于M组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。在受体核转移率下降方面,C₁组作用大于C₂组(P<0.05)。此外,C₁组各项检测数据与C组相比无统计学差异。结论:加味四逆散能显著减轻糖皮质激素对胸腺的抑制作用。其作用途径可能是通过抑制慢性心理应激大鼠GCR由胸腺细胞胞浆向胞核转位来实现的。     

内源性CO对肺动脉高压大鼠NO体系的调节

目的:研究内源性血红素氧合酶(HO)/一氧化碳(CO)体系对低氧高二氧化碳性肺动脉高压大鼠一氧化氮合酶(NOS)/一氧化氮(NO)体系的调节作用, 以探讨一氧化碳对低氧高二氧化碳性肺动脉高压的作用机制。方法:将SD大鼠分为正常对照组, 4周低O₂高CO₂组, 4周低O₂高CO₂+血晶素组。测定各组大鼠肺动脉平均压(mPAP)、右心室/(左心室+室间隔)重量比, 检测动脉血、肺组织iNOS、cNOS、HO活性, 及CO、NO产生、释放的变化。结果:①低O₂高CO₂组mPAP、RV/(LV+S)显著高于对照组及血晶素组(P＜0.01)。②低O₂高CO₂组全血CO含量、血浆及肺组织匀浆血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)活性均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01), 血晶素组大鼠血CO含量、血浆及肺组织匀浆HO-1活性进一步高于低O₂高CO₂组(P＜0.01)。③低O₂高CO₂组血浆及肺组织匀浆NO含量均显著低于对照组(P＜0.01), 血晶素组大鼠血浆及肺组织匀浆NO含量均显著高于低O₂高CO₂组(P＜0.01)。④低O₂高CO₂组血浆及肺组织匀浆iNOS活性均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01), 血浆及肺组织匀浆cNOS活性显著低于对照组(P＜0.01), 血晶素组大鼠血浆及肺组织匀浆iNOS活性均显著高于低O₂高CO₂组(P＜0.01), 血浆及肺组织匀浆cNOS活性与低O₂高CO₂组无明显差异。结论:HO/CO体系对NOS/NO体系具有调控作用, 慢性低O₂高CO₂情况下, 内源性一氧化碳体系可通过iNOS/NO途径对肺循环进行调节。     

Induction of the receptor for the Fc portion of IgA by secretory IgA on human T cell lines and T cell clones

Human colostral secretory IgA (SIgA; predominantly present in dimeric of polymeric forms) induces receptors for the Fc portion of IgA (Fc alpha R) on cloned and noncloned human T cell lines. The binding of SIgA to its FcR was isotype specific, since it was not inhibited by IgG or IgM. Binding of SIgA was also not affected by ovalbumin asialoglycoprotein. In addition, SIgA blocked the binding of directly fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled SIgA in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas IgG and IgM were ineffective, confirming the specificity of the binding. Expression of Fc alpha R was specifically induced by SIgA, whereas serum IgA (predominantly present in monomeric form) had no effect. In addition, IgG, IgM and IgE were ineffective. This induction of Fc alpha R by SIgA was dose dependent. Optimal induction was observed at concentrations of 500 micrograms/ml after incubation times of 48 h. Fc alpha R were predominantly induced on T cell lines and T cell clones derived from tonsils. T cell lines and T cell clones established from peripheral blood could only occasionally be induced to express Fc alpha R. Induction of Fc alpha R expression was obtained both with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones. Fc alpha R were readily induced on T cell clones tested up to 6 days after activation by alloantigen. T cell clones tested 10-12 days after alloantigen activation failed to respond to SIgA. These results indicate that the inducibility of Fc alpha R is related to the activation stage of the T cell clones.     

The effect of neonatal thymectomy on the level of salivary and serum immunoglobulins in rats.

The effect of neonatal thymectomy on the level of salivary and serum immunoglobulins was studied in conventional rats. Salivary SIgA levels were significantly decreased from weaning (day 20) through the termination of the experiment, while salivary IgG levels were generally unaffected by neonatal thymectomy. Serum IgA was detected at a later interval after birth in samples from thymectomized rats than from normal and sham-thymectomized rats and the levels of serum IgA in the thymectomized rats remained 4-5 times lower throughout the 115 day experimental period. Serum IgG was decreased by approximately 40% from days 28 through 115 after birth in the thymectomized animals, while serum IgM was apparently unaffected by the neonatal thymectomy. These findings indicate that the synthesis of salivary SIgA is markedly influenced by the presence of thymus-derived cells and it is suggested that these cells may control and/or modify immune responses in oral secretions.     

不同分娩方式不同性别新生儿脐血的免疫功能检测

背景：影响新生儿免疫功能有多种因素。新生儿阴道分娩娩出时,子宫收缩会使胎儿处于相对缺血、缺氧状态,新生儿免疫状态受分娩方式的影响;剖宫产新生儿免疫力低,易继发感染。 目的：对比分析剖宫产与阴道分娩对不同性别新生儿脐血免疫功能的影响。 方法：选择足月单胎分娩产妇100例,其中阴道分娩组50例,新生儿男性30例,女性20例;剖宫产组50例,新生儿男性30例,女性20例。采用自动生化分析仪透射免疫浊度法检测两组新生儿脐血免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)、补体(C3、C4)及C-反应蛋白水平,流式细胞仪酶标法测定T淋巴细胞抗原(CD4、CD8)水平。 结果与结论：剖宫产组女性婴儿脐血淋巴细胞CD4抗原、CD4与CD8混合抗原水平显著高于阴道分娩组(P < 0.01),CD8抗原水平却显著低于阴道分娩组(P < 0.01);剖宫产组女性婴儿脐血IgA、IgM水平显著高于男性组(P < 0.01),IgG水平却低于男性组(P < 0.05)。剖宫产组女性婴儿脐血IgG、 IgM、C-反应蛋白水平显著低于阴道分娩组(P < 0.01),男性婴儿脐血IgM水平显著低于阴道分娩组(P < 0.01),C-反应蛋白水平显著高于阴道分娩组(P < 0.01)。提示不同分娩方式对不同性别新生儿免疫功能有影响,剖宫产可降低新生儿的免疫功能。     

一种新术式对肝包虫患者围手术期体液免疫的影响

目的　探讨新术式“外膜内外囊切除术”对肝包虫病患者围手术期体液免疫功能的影响。方法　将 99例肝包虫病患者分 2组 ,A组 :6 7例 ,行外膜内外囊切除术 ;B组 :32例 ,行传统外囊切除术。检测术前、术后 2 4和 4 8h静脉血清白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、白细胞介素 8(IL 8)、免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C反应蛋白 (CRP)水平。结果　A组血清IL 6、IL 8、CRP、IgG、IgA、IgM含量手术前后均无显著变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。B组术后 2 4和 4 8h血清IL 6、CRP含量与术后 2 4h血清IL 8、IgM含量均明显高于术前 (P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,而术后 2 4和 4 8h血清IgG含量均明显低于术前 (P <0 .0 1)。 2组术后 2 4h血清C3含量均显著高于术前 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　“外膜内外囊切除术”创伤较轻 ,对机体体液免疫影响较小     

Origin and Kinetics of IgA, IgG and IgM Milk Antibodies in Primary and Secondary Responses of Rats

IgA and IgM antibodies were detected in rat milk after immunization with ferritin in Peyer's patches (Pp) 1 day after parturition but not after intramammary gland or intravenous immunization. The antibody levels decreased from day 9 to day 17 of the nursing period and were undetectable during a second lactation period. Despite the absence of milk IgM antibodies after intramammary gland or intravenous immunization, the serum levels of the IgM antibodies were similar after all three immunization methods. IgA antibodies were not found in serum after any of the immunization methods.IgG antibodies appeared in serum and milk after P. intramammary gland, and intravenous immunization. Milk and serum IgG antibodies from all the Pp-immunized animals decreased from day 9 to day 17 of the lactation period. After intramammary gland immunization, however, the IgG antibody levels increased in all the milk samples, but only in four of seven sera. The milk and serum IgG antibody levels were lower but still detectable during a second lactation period. Re-injection of ferritin in the Pp during a third lactation period resulted in higher levels of milk IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies than after the first injection. Rats with serum IgG antibodies against Escherichia coli 08 naturally present in their gut flora had no corresponding milk antibodies of any isotype. The results suggest tht milk antibodies of all three isotypes stem from local production in the mammary gland and that blood IgG and IgM antibodies originate at least partly from stimulation in Pp.     

Antibodies against Entamoeba histolytica in human milk and serum in Kenya.

A modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique has been developed for the detection of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies against Entamoeba histolytica. By substituting phosphate-buffered saline-Triton for phosphate-buffered saline-Tween as the antibody incubating buffer, unspecific absorption of SIgA was avoided. As revealed by chessboard titrations, the optimal amount of antigen for coating was higher in SIgA than in IgG ELISA. A purified antigen from the membrane pellet fraction of E. histolytica gave equally good reactivity with SIgA and IgG antibodies and was used throughout. A total of 283 milk and 232 serum samples from three areas in Kenya were tested. The samples were collected in maternity hospitals on one of days 1 to 3 after parturition. All milk samples were tested for total SIgA. In one of the study areas (Machakos), the mean level of SIgA was significantly lower than in the other two areas (Mombasa and Nairobi). Eighty-seven of the milk samples (31%) were reactive in the test. The rate of positives was higher in Mombasa, where the SIgA levels were highest. Since both the frequency and the level of serum antibodies were similar in the three study areas, it is likely that the higher milk reactivity in Mombasa was mainly due to the higher SIgA concentrations observed. Antibodies were detected in 32 (14%) of the sera, mostly in low or moderate titers. Surprisingly few mothers had detectable antibodies in both milk and serum. In fact, the majority of positives were reactive in either milk or serum, with a predominance of milk positives. The background for this is probably complex, containing components such as differences in immunoglobulin concentrations in the samples, diversities in local and systemic antigenic stimulation responses, and level of immunological memory.     

Induction of Salivary Antibody Responses in Rats after Immunization in Peyer''s Patches

We examined salivary, milk, and serum antibody levels after immunization in the Peyer's patches (Pp) of rats with horse spleen ferritin. Priming of the Pp one day after parturition led to the appearance of IgG, but not IgA or IgM, anti-ferritin antibodies in saliva 9 days later. IgG and IgM antibodies were detected both in milk and in serum, whereas IgA antibodies could only be demonstrated in milk. During a second lactation period the salivary antibodies had vanished but IgG antibodies could still be detected in milk and serum. During a third lactation period, when the rats were immunized in the Pp a second time, not only IgG but also IgA anti-ferritin antibodies appeared in the saliva. Salivary IgG antibody levels and milk IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody levels were higher than those observed after primary immunization in the Pp. The IgG antibody activity in the saliva was positively correlated to the serum IgG antibody activity. It is concluded that salivary IgA antibody responses can be induced by immunization in the Pp. The results of this study suggests that IgA antibodies detected in saliva are produced locally by cells that have migrated from the intestinal lymphoid tissue to the salivary glands.     

马来酸麦角新碱注射液联合米索前列醇片治疗剖宫产产后出血的效果及其对血清生化指标的影响

目的:探讨马来酸麦角新碱注射液辅助米索前列醇片治疗剖宫产产后出血的效果及其对血清生化指标的影响.方法:将2018年1月至2019年11月我院收治的96例剖宫产术中出血患者按照随机数字表法分为2组,对照组48例患者予以直肠内置入0.2 mg米索前列醇片治疗1次,研究组48例患者在此基础上加以0.2 mg马来酸麦角新碱注射...     

Immunoglobulin M and G antibody responses and persistence of these antibodies in adults after vaccination with a combined meningococcal group A and group C polysaccharide vaccine.

Adult volunteers were injected with a combined meningococcal group A and group C polysaccharide vaccine. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody levels against both polysaccharides were measured in serum samples taken 14 days as well as 3 years after vaccination. For both group A and group C polysaccharides, the IgM and IgG antibody levels at 14 days postvaccination were positively related. The IgM-to-IgG antibody ratio at 14 days postvaccination was an indicator for the persistence of both IgM and IgG antibodies during the next 3 years; a high ratio meant a short persistence, whereas a low ratio was associated with a long persistence.     

Chlamydia trachomatis seropositivity is associated both with stillbirth and preterm delivery

The cause of stillbirth and preterm delivery is often unknown. We studied the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies in mothers with stillbirth and preterm labor. Serum specimens from 72 mothers with stillbirth after the 21st gestational week, and from 48 mothers with preterm delivery between gestational weeks 23 and 29, both from the greater Helsinki area, and cord blood from 96 consecutive liveborn deliveries at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the University of Helsinki, were studied for antibodies to C. trachomatis immunotypes CJHI, GFK and BED by microimmunofluorescence test. The prevalence of C. trachomatis antibodies was highest, 33.3%, in mothers with stillbirth, 18.8% in mothers with preterm delivery, and 10.4% in cord blood. The IgM seropositivity rate was high among mothers with preterm delivery (8.3%). We conclude that C. trachomatis IgG antibodies are frequently detected in sera from mothers with stillbirth, suggesting past infection, while mothers with preterm delivery often have serum IgM antibodies, suggesting of acute infection.