商陆皂甙辛对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释出肿瘤坏死因子的影响

商陆皂甙辛（ＥＨ）（１２．５－２００μｇ·ｍｌ＾－１）可剂量依赖性地诱导硫代乙醇酸钠培养基诱出的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（ＭФ）以及卡西霉素启动激活的ＭФ分泌肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）。时效关系研究发现：脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）诱导的ＴＮＦ分泌于６ｈ左右达峰，而ＥＨ诱导的ＴＮＦ分泌随时间延长逐渐增多，于２４ｈ左右达峰，提示ＥＨ和ＬＰＳ诱导ＴＮＦ分泌的机制可能不同。     

商陆多糖Ⅰ抗瘤活性及对小鼠产生肿瘤坏死因子的作用

小鼠ｉｐ商陆多糖Ｉ（ＰＡＰ－Ｉ）５－２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１·ｄ＾－１×７ｄ，在脂多糖辅助下呈剂量依赖地诱生肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）。１０和２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１组的腹腔巨噬细胞（ＭФ）对Ｍｅｔｈ Ａ细胞毒％分别为６７％和７４％，显高于生理盐水组（３４％）。两组对Ｍｅｔｈ Ａ实体瘤的抑瘤率分别为２８．５％和５５．７％；对腹水型小鼠存活期从２１±４延长到３２±１０和３８±８ｄ。提示ＰＡＰ－Ｉ激活ＭФ和启动     

灵芝对小鼠巨噬细胞产生肿瘤坏死因子的影响

灵芝１～１００μｇ／ｍｌ对Ｌ９２９细胞的生长无直接影响。在加灵芝与不加灵芝的条件下观察重组肿瘤坏死因子（ｒＴＮＦ）对Ｌ９２９细胞的杀伤作用证明灵芝不影响ｒＴＮＦ的杀伤肿瘤活性。但灵芝０．０１～１０μｇ／ｍｌ在试管内促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生ＴＮＦ。巨噬细胞在试管内经灵芝预培养８ｈ后，灵芝仍可增加巨噬细胞在ＬＰＳ诱导下ＴＮＦ的产生。此外，整体研究证明口服灵芝１００～３００ｍｇ／ｋｇｑｄ×１４可以增高由ＢＣＧ启动及内毒素诱导的小鼠血清ＴＮＦ水平     

蛋白激酶C激活剂和抑制剂对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释出肿瘤坏死因子的影响

本文研究蛋白激酶C（PKC）激活剂TPA和抑制剂H－7，槲皮素对痤疮丙酸杆菌（Propionibacterium acnes,PA)启动的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（macrophage,MΦ）释出肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）的影响，表明TPA可诱导PA启动的M分泌TNF，其作用可被H－7和槲皮素抑制，LPS体外和体内诱生TNF的作用亦可被两者抑制，提示PKC和PA启动的M分泌TNF过程中具有关键性作用。     

茯苓素诱生肿瘤坏死因子的作用

本文报道茯苓素在小鼠体内，外诱生肿瘤坏死因子的作用。实验表明：茯苓在小鼠体内，外能明显增强经ＢＣＧ预先激活的巨噬细胞产生ＴＮＦ的能力。且有显著的剂量依赖性关系。茯苓素在体内对小鼠移植性肿瘤Ｓ－１８０细胞有明显的抑制生长作用，其作用强弱与ＴＮＦ的水平呈正相关，诱生出ＴＮＦ可通过抗体中和实验得到确证。     

乌贼墨对小鼠肿瘤坏死因子的诱生作用

用乌贼墨喂养小鼠后采集血清,经体外检测对Ｌ９２９细胞的细胞毒作用表明：乌贼墨在动物体内具有明显的肿瘤坏死因子诱生作用。     

商陆多糖I对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及脾淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞分泌细胞因子的影响

商陆多糖Ⅰ(Phytolacca acinosa polysaccharides Ⅰ,PAP-Ⅰ)体外能显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,促进丝裂原诱导的淋巴细胞转化及双向混合淋巴细胞反应。检测PAP-Ⅰ和小鼠脾淋巴细胞培养上清液发现PAP-Ⅰ可显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞产生白细胞介素2(IL-2)及集落刺激因子(colony stimulating factor,CSF)。PAP-Ⅰ和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞培养上清液中也存在CSF活性及促进重组粒单系集落刺激因子诱导骨髓细胞增殖的细胞因子。PAP-Ⅰ,ip可显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及IL-2产生。     

商陆多糖I对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及脾淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞分泌细胞因子的影响

商陆多糖Ⅰ(Phytolacca acinosa polysaccharides Ⅰ,PAP-Ⅰ)体外能显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,促进丝裂原诱导的淋巴细胞转化及双向混合淋巴细胞反应。检测PAP-Ⅰ和小鼠脾淋巴细胞培养上清液发现PAP-Ⅰ可显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞产生白细胞介素2(IL-2)及集落刺激因子(colony stimulating factor,CSF)。PAP-Ⅰ和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞培养上清液中也存在CSF活性及促进重组粒单系集落刺激因子诱导骨髓细胞增殖的细胞因子。PAP-Ⅰ,ip可显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及IL-2产生。     

海带多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的激活作用

本文研究了海带多糖对Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的激活作用,结果表明,腹腔注射海带多糖能够明显激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,增强其细胞溶解作用。海带多糖激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,在有ＬＰＳ存在的条件下,能在体外分泌肿瘤坏死因子。     

Ambroxol inhibits interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor production in human mononuclear cells

We have studied the effect of Ambroxol on the production of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in human mononuclear cells (MNC). For this purpose MNC were cultured for 24 h in the presence of endotoxin and different doses of Ambroxol. The results indicate that Ambroxol markedly inhibited IL-1 and TNF production at doses of 10-100 microgram ml, without any apparent toxicity.     

The inhibitory effects of allopurinol on the production and cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor

Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, impaired the cytotoxic effect of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) against WEHI cells. Actinomycin D abolished the inhibition of cytotoxicity by allopurinol. Allopurinol also exerted an inhibitory effect on the production of TNF by human mononuclear cells stimulated by either heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus or E. coli lipopolysaccharide. It is suggested that allopurinol inhibits TNF cytotoxicity by decreasing the level of oxygen free radicals generated (among other mechanisms) by the action of xanthine oxidase. Whatever the mechanism, the fact that allopurinol counteracts the toxicity of TNF can help towards an understanding of the complex nature of TNF toxicity. Correspondence to: Y. Mándi at the above address     

蛋白激酶C激活剂和抑制剂对肿瘤坏死因子杀瘤活性的影响

以小鼠成纤维细胞瘤L929细胞为靶细胞,研究蛋白激酶C(PKC)的激活剂和抑制剂对人重组肿瘤坏死因子(rHuTNF)杀瘤活性的影响.各种药物与rHuTNF 10 ng·ml~(-1)和放线菌素D 1 μg·ml~(-1)温育18 h,结果表明PKC的激活剂佛波醇-12-肉豆蔻酸盐-13-乙酸盐(PMA)2.5～160ng·ml~(-1)可浓度依赖性地抑制rHuTNF的杀瘤活性.Sc-10(1～16μg·ml~(-1))单独作用很弱,但可浓度依赖地增强PMA 10 ng·ml~(-1)或A23187 0.5μg·ml~(-1)的抑制作用,PKC抑制剂1-(5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基哌嗪(H-7)单独作用对rHuTNF杀瘤活性无影响,但可减弱PMA 50ng·ml~(-1)的抑制作用.槲皮囊2～16μg·ml~(-1)则可直接抑制rHuTNF的杀瘤活性,钙调蛋白抑制剂N-(6-氨己基)-5-氯-1-萘磺酰胺(W-7)及其同系物也有微弱的抑制作用.结果提示PKC在rHuTNF杀瘤作用中起着重要作用.     

白介素2和肿瘤坏死因子α对大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞产生一氧化氮的影响

用Griess法检测细胞培养上清中NO^÷₂含量作为反映细胞产生一氧化氮(NO)量的指标，观察细菌脂多糖(LPS)，干扰素γ(IFN-γ)，肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及白介素2(IL-2)对大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞产生NO的影响. 结果C6细胞于体外培养8 h时可自发产生NO，24 h达峰值(17.5±1.9 vs溶剂对照组6.5±1.9 μmol·L^-1)，48 h仍有产生. 在所用剂量范围，上述因素单独作用24 h均不影响C6产生NO，而5-500 kU·L^-1 IL-2与0.5 mg·L^-1 LPS或50 kU·L^-1 IFN-γ合用可增强C6产生NO(10.6-13.4 vs 7.2 μmol·L^-1)，LPS，IFN-γ及TNF-α三者合用亦有一定促进C6产生NO作用. 提示炎性刺激与炎性细胞因子共同作用可促进中枢神经胶质细胞产生NO.     

吗啡对腹腔巨噬细胞产生白细胞介素-1及肿瘤坏死因子α的体外影响(英文)

目的:研究吗啡对腹腔巨噬细胞产生细胞因子的体外作用.方法:通过测定胸腺细胞的增殖及L929细胞的杀伤率观察存在或不存在纳洛酮的条件下不同浓度的吗啡对腹腔巨噬细胞产生IL-1及TNF-α的影响.结果:吗啡(1×10~(-8)×10~(-3) mol L~(-1))及纳洛酮(50 μmolL~(-1))都能抑制由巯基乙酸钠启动的腹腔巨噬细胞产生IL-1,但纳洛酮不能阻断吗啡的上述抑制作用.对腹腔巨噬细胞TNF-α的产生,只有高浓度的吗啡(1 mmol L~(-1))具有抑制作用,也不能被纳洛酮阻断.结论:吗啡能直接抑制腹腔巨噬细胞的功能,而这种作用不是由腹腔巨噬细胞上阿片受体介导的.     

Glyco-tuftsin derivatives modulate interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor production

Six Thr¹ (O-glyco)-derivatives of the “phagocytosis stimulating peptide” tuftsin, H-Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-OH and the N-glycosylated undecapeptide H-Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Glu-Gln-Gln-Tyr-Asn(β-d -GlcNAc)-Ser-Thr-OH, which correspond to the “tuftsin-region” at the Fc-domain of immunoglobulin G (amino acid residues 289–299), were evaluated in comparison with tuftsin and rigin, H-Gly-Gln-Pro-Arg-OH, for their capacity to evoke the release of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor from mouse peritoneal macrophages and from human monocytes. Several glycosylated tuftsin derivatives were found to modulate, in a rather dose-dependent manner, the release of the two cytokines from both cell types.     

Leukotrienes and macrophage activation: augmented cytotoxic activity and enhanced interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor and hydrogen peroxide production

Leukotrienes (LT), and in particular LTB4, are potent inflammatory mediators and immunomodulators. In its interactions with leukocytes, LTB4 can activate numerous functions of neutrophils and modulate the activities of various lymphocyte subsets. LTB4 can also augment macrophage and monocyte cytotoxic activities and enhance their production of hydrogen peroxide and the monokines interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor. These observations allow a more detailed understanding of the effects of LTB4 on cellular immune and inflammatory functions.     

白芍总甙对大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生肿瘤坏死因子的调节机制

目的：研究不同浓度白芍总甙（ＴＧＰ）调节大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（ＭΦ）产生肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）作用。方法：在ＭΦ培养系统中有或无环氧酶抑制剂和钙调蛋白抑制剂等工具药，测定４５Ｃａ内流、ＰＧＥ２和ＴＮＦ含量。结果：ＴＧＰ（０．５～１０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）明显促进ＬＰＳ诱导ＭΦ的４５Ｃａ内流和ＴＮＦ产生。线性回归分析表明，４５Ｃａ内流和ＴＮＦ产生呈明显正相关。三氟拉嗪（４０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）可阻断ＴＧＰ促进ＬＰＳ诱导ＭΦ产生ＴＮＦ。ＴＧＰ－ＬＰＳ的ＴＮＦ释放曲线呈钟罩形，而ＴＧＰ－ＬＰＳ的ＰＧＥ２产生曲线呈浓度依赖性升高。当ＴＧＰ在低浓度（０．５～１２．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）时，ＴＮＦ与ＰＧＥ２产生明显正相关，而高浓度（１２．５～２５０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）两者呈明显负相关。吲哚美辛（１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）可使ＴＮＦ量效曲线下降支消失，而Ｎω亚硝基－Ｌ－精氨酸（１５μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）对此无明显影响。结论：低浓度ＴＧＰ对ＴＮＦ产生上调作用可能与促进４５Ｃａ内流，提高钙调蛋白活性从而促进ＰＧＥ２分泌等有关，而高浓度下调作用是可能与ＭΦ自身产生大量ＰＧＥ２介导有关。     

Possible participation of intracellular platelet-activating factor in tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by rat peritoneal macrophages.

Stimulation of rat peritoneal macrophages by thapsigargin (46.1 nM) increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prostaglandin E2 in the conditioned medium. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) was not detected in the conditioned medium, but the level of cell-associated PAF was increased transiently by thapsigargin. The PAF receptor antagonists such as E6123 ((S)-(+)-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopro-panecarbonyl-8,11-dim ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-8 H-pyrido[4',3':4,5]thieno [3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine), L-652,73 1 (2,5-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) tetrahydrofuran) and CV-6209 (2-[N-acetyl-N-(2-methoxy-3-octadecyl-carbamoyloxy propoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl]-1-ethylpyridinium chloride) inhibited thapsigargin-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin inhibited prostaglandin E2 production, and further enhanced thapsigargin-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in parallel with further increase in cell-associated PAF production. The enhancement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production induced by thapsigargin plus indomethacin was also inhibited by E6123, L-652,731 and CV-6209. However, exogenously added PAF up to 100 nM did not stimulate production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA was increased by thapsigargin, but was lowered by the PAF receptor antagonist E6123, suggesting that the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by the PAF receptor antagonist is induced at the level of mRNA for tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These findings suggested that concurrently produced cell-associated PAF in thapsigargin-stimulated macrophages up-regulates production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by acting as an intracellular signaling molecule and the PAF receptor antagonists might penetrate into the cells and antagonize the action of intracellular PAF.