阿托伐他汀抑制高糖诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞的氧化应激反应

目的探讨阿托伐他汀(Atv)对高糖诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)损伤的影响及保护作用、可能作用机制。方法 HUVECs低糖培养贴壁后分为对照A组;持续性高糖B0组、持续性高糖+不同浓度药物(0.1、1.0、10.0μmol/L Atv)B1~B3组;波动性高糖C组。高糖干预、药物培养24 h后检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及一氧化氮(NO)含量;细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)检测细胞增殖;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;RT-PCR检测还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)氧化酶NOX4和NOX2/gp91phox亚基的表达。所有计量数据采用均数±标准差(sx?)表示,SPSS 17.0软件处理分析。结果 (1)与对照组相比,高糖各组细胞增殖均降低(CCK-8 D450值:B0组0.74±0.085 vs.A组1.20±0.045,P<0.01;C组0.56±0.083 vs.A组1.20±0.045,P<0.01),阿托伐他汀可改善高糖对HUVECs增殖的抑制作用,呈浓度依赖性。(2)与对照组比较,高糖组NO含量及SOD活性明显降低、NOX4 m RNA及NOX2/gp91phox m RNA的表达升高,细胞凋亡率显著增高。波动性高糖组变化趋势更明显[早期凋亡率:B0组(23.48±0.73)%vs.C组(27.33±0.89)%,P<0.01]。(3)阿托伐他汀可明显升高持续性高糖诱导的SOD活性及NO的释放,减少细胞凋亡,抑制NOX4 m RNA及NOX2/gp91phox m RNA表达的增加幅度,具有明显的浓度依赖性。结论持续性高糖与波动性高糖对内皮细胞均有损伤作用,其损伤作用可能是通过氧化应激作用来实现的,波动性高糖较持续性高糖对内皮细胞的损伤作用更大。不同浓度的Atv对持续性高糖诱导的内皮细胞损伤有保护作用,呈浓度依赖性。     

ADMA通过引起脐静脉内皮细胞内质网应激而诱导细胞凋亡

目的探讨非对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)是否通过内质网应激引起人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)凋亡。方法对HUVEC进行体外培养,通过流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡水平,用RT-PCT检测CHOP mRNA和ATF4 mRNA水平,用Western blot检测RNA蛋白激酶的内质网类似激酶(PERK)、转录激活因子-4(ATF4)、转录因子C/EBP同源蛋白(CHOP)的蛋白水平。结果流式细胞仪结果表明ADMA引起HUVEC凋亡,RT-PCR结果表明ADMA引起CHOP mRNA和ATF4 mRNA表达增加,Western blot结果表明ADMA引起PERK、ATF4、CHOP蛋白表达明显增高。结论ADMA通过内质网应激而引起HUVEC凋亡,从而加快动脉硬化的进展。     

人脐静脉内皮细胞分离培养及鉴定技术

目的探讨人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)体外分离原代培养的方法,并总结对培养的细胞鉴定方法。方法通过胰酶灌注法从人脐带获取内皮细胞进行分离培养,并采用免疫组化法及光镜和透射电镜观察超微结构鉴定所获得的细胞系。结果分离的HUVEC在体外7-10天左右可长成单层,光镜下胞体为单层铺路石状排列。第VⅢ因子相关抗原的检测为阳性。透射电镜下观察培养的内皮细胞胞浆内可见Weibel-Palade小体。结论用胰酶灌注法是获得脐静脉内皮细胞的有效方法。本方法为血管内皮细胞的研究提供了实验模型。     

异丙酚在第三丁基过氧化氢诱导脐静脉内皮细胞氧化应激中的保护作用

目的:研究异丙酚对第三丁基过氧化氢(t-BHP)诱导的脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)氧化应激的保护作用和机制。方法:体外培养的HUVECs分为对照组、异丙酚组、t-BHP组、异丙酚预处理+t-BHP组,给予相应处理后,Westernblot检测p38MAPK磷酸化水平变化,RT-PCR检测iNOS、eNOS表达。结果:t-BHP处理后,能显著诱导p38MAPK磷酸化,激活iNOS、eNOS表达,而异丙酚预处理后能减轻这些变化。结论:异丙酚通过抑制p38MAPK,减少iNOS、eNOS表达,减轻氧化应激从而起到保护HUVECs的作用。     

原代脐静脉内皮细胞与脐静脉内皮细胞株的培养方法及生物特性的比较

目的建立一套成功率高,细胞污染率少,获得较多的细胞数的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)的体外分离方法,并且将原代脐静脉内皮细胞与EA.HY926人脐静脉内皮细胞株生物特性进行对比研究,为细胞培养及相关的医学基础研究提供依据。方法在新鲜(健康剖宫产产妇分娩后立即取新生胎儿脐带,长度15～20 cm,取标本时间≤4h)脐静脉内注0.1%的Ⅱ型胶原酶消化获得内皮细胞,用M199生长液(含25%的内皮细胞生长因子)进行培养,EA.HY926细胞株用M199生长液。比较两组细胞的形态、超微结构、细胞纯度检测CD31抗体表达。结果①形态:原代HUVEC体外生长3～4 d可铺满单层,细胞呈梭形、饱满,漩涡状排列生长,传代后可见管腔样结构;EA.HY926细胞株胞质多颗粒,2～3可铺满单层,可长成复层。②超微结构:透射电镜下,原代HUVEC里可发现较多的横切与纵切的韦伯潘力小体,在EA.HY926细胞株里较少。③细胞纯度检测:CD31抗体的表达率原代HUVEC细胞大于EA.HY926细胞株,两种细胞CD31表达差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.001)。结论脐静脉注Ⅱ型胶原酶消化法配合M199生长液可迅速获取大量内皮细胞,其生物学特性明显优于HUVEC株,而细胞株则以细胞数量多,培养方法简单,成活率高为特点,两者均是组织工程及相关医学基础研究较好的细胞来源。     

Adherence of human basophils to cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells

The mechanism by which circulating human basophils adhere to vascular endothelium and migrate to sites of allergic reactions is unknown. Agents have been identified which stimulate the adherence of purified basophils to cultured human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HuVEC). Treatment of HuVEC with interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), bacterial endotoxin, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) resulted in time and dose-dependent increases of adhesiveness for basophils. Coincubation of basophils and HuVEC for 10 min with C5a, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, the calcium ionophore A23187, platelet-activating factor, TNF, and TPA also resulted in significant dose-dependent increases in basophil adherence; this effect resulted from activation of the basophil. Adherence of basophils to HuVEC was time and temperature dependent, required divalent cations, and was unaffected by glucocorticoids. Monoclonal antibody 60.3, directed against the beta-subunit of the leukocyte adherence complex CD18, inhibited the binding of basophils to HuVEC. Adherence of basophils to vascular endothelium may be important in initiating basophil infiltrates in vivo.     

Foscarnet reduces FGF2-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and has antineoplastic activity against human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells

In contrast to many reports dealing with inhibitors of growth factor receptors like VEGF or FGFR, only few reports of low molecular weight inhibitors, which are directed against growth factors itself, are known. Here, foscarnet, an antiviral drug which inhibits several viral DNA polymerases by mimic pyrophosphate of nucleotides, was identified to interact with fibroblast growth factor 2 and stabilize the growth factor against tryptic digestion similar like the non-nitrogen containing bisphosphonates clodronate and etidronate that we have reported just recently as inhibitors of FGF-induced cell proliferation. Foscarnet competes with ATP against the binding on fibroblast growth factor 2 at the heparin/ATP-binding domain. This indicates binding of foscarnet at the heparin-binding domain of FGF2. This interaction of foscarnet with fibroblast growth factor 2 reduces FGF2-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and intracellular signaling via ERK1/2 kinases in this cell line. Additionally, foscarnet reduces in a dose-dependent manner proliferation of CAL-62 cells that belong to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, a rare but lethal type of thyroid cancer that expresses FGF2.     

Toxicity of sitosterol to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro.

The pathogenesis of the early development of atherosclerosis in sitosterolaemia is unknown. The effect of sitosterol on vascular endothelial cells in vitro was investigated by culturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells in the presence of up to 0.7 mmol l-1 of sitosterol. Liposomes were used to supply the high sterol concentrations. Exposure to 0.7 mmol l-1 of sitosterol for 72 h caused contraction of the endothelial cells and increased release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase. After 96 h incubation the cells were partly detached from the substrate. At this time-point 0.35 mmol l-1 of sitosterol also caused perturbation of the endothelial cells. However, we could not confirm previous reports that tissue plasminogen activator production was enhanced by sitosterol.     

人脐静脉内皮细胞胰岛素抵抗细胞模型的建立

背景:有研究表明血管内皮可能是胰岛素抵抗发生的首要环节。目的:采用高浓度胰岛素体外诱导培养法建立人脐静脉内皮细胞胰岛素抵抗模型。方法:以人脐静脉内皮细胞系为研究对象,应用含不同浓度胰岛素(50,40,30,20,10,1,0.1,0.01U/L)的DMEM培养基与人脐静脉内皮细胞共同培养12,24,36,48,72h,并设置正常组,光学显微镜下观察细胞形态学变化;MTT法测定各组细胞活性;用葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化物酶法法鉴定胰岛素抵抗细胞模型。结果与结论:与正常组比较,当胰岛素浓度大于40U/L,其作用时间大于48h时,细胞形态受损严重,细胞活性显著下降(P<0.01);当胰岛素浓度小于20U/L,作用时间小于36h时细胞形态无明显损伤(P>0.05)。葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化物酶法实验表明,在30U/L的胰岛素刺激48h条件下,培养液中残存葡萄糖浓度显著高于正常组细胞(P<0.01)。证实,用含30U/L胰岛素的培养基培养48h的人脐静脉内皮细胞细胞可产生胰岛素抵抗。     

Decay-accelerating factor is present on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) has been previously described only in cells of bone marrow origin where it serves as a negative modulator of complement activation. Using mAb against human DAF, we demonstrated the presence of DAF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. By means of an immunoradiometric assay we detected an average of 3.3 X 10(5) molecules of DAF on each cell. When immunoisolates were analyzed in Western blots, endothelial cell DAF comigrated with DAF purified from normal erythrocytes. DAF was synthesized by the endothelial cells since 35S-labeled DAF could be immunoisolated from HUVEC cultured in medium containing [35S]methionine. This is the first evidence for the presence of DAF in cells of extra-marrow origin. DAF may protect endothelial cells from complement-mediated injury.     

Uric acid reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy adults

Uric acid (UA) possesses free-radical-scavenging properties, and systemic administration is known to increase serum antioxidant capacity. However, it is not known whether this protects against oxidative stress. The effects of raising UA concentration were studied during acute aerobic physical exercise in healthy subjects, as a model of oxidative stress characterized by increased circulating 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha) concentrations. Twenty healthy subjects were recruited to a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study, and underwent systemic administration of 0.5 g of UA in 250 ml of 0.1% lithium carbonate/4% dextrose vehicle or vehicle alone as control. Subjects performed high-intensity aerobic exercise for 20 min to induce oxidative stress. Plasma 8-iso-PGF2alpha concentrations were determined at baseline, after exercise and after recovery for 20 min. A single bout of high-intensity exercise caused a significant increase in plasma 8-iso-PGF2alpha concentrations from 35.0 +/- 4.7 pg/ml to 45.6 +/- 6.7 pg/ml (P<0.01). UA administration raised serum urate concentration from 293 +/- 16 to 487 +/- 16 micromol/l (P<0.001), accompanied by increased serum antioxidant capacity from 1786+/-39 to 1899 +/- 45 micromol/l (P<0.01). UA administration abolished the exercise-induced elevation of plasma 8-iso-PGF2alpha concentrations. High UA concentrations are associated with increased serum antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress during acute physical exercise in healthy subjects. These findings indicate that the antioxidant properties of UA are of biological importance in vivo.     

高糖对人脐静脉内皮细胞c-Jun表达影响

目的:观察高糖对人脐静脉内皮细胞c-Jun表达的影响.方法:提取、分离人脐静脉内皮细胞,体外培养至第3代,分别用5.5,11.0,22.0,44.0 mmol/L葡萄糖培养液培养内皮细胞,并设22.0 mmol/L 甘露醇培养液培养者为对照组.以22.0 mmol/L葡萄糖分别作用0,0.5,1.0,2.0 h,应用RT-PCR和免疫细胞化学方法检测c-Jun mRNA和蛋白表达水平.结果:高搪以浓度依赖方式上调人脐静脉内皮细胞c-Jun mRNA的表达,22.0 mmol/L葡萄糖达到最强刺激效应,与5.5 mmol/L 葡萄糖组及对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).22.0 mmol/L葡萄糖刺激0.5 h c-JunmRNA表达升高,刺激1.0 h达高峰,2.0 h开始下降.22.0 mmol/L葡萄糖刺激2 h后,人脐静脉内皮c-Jun蛋白表达增加.结论:高糖可上调人脐静脉内皮细胞c-Jun mRNA和蛋白表达.     

蜂胶乔松素对脂多糖诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞的保护作用

目的:观察蜂胶乔松素对脂多糖诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞的影响,探讨其对人脐静脉内皮细胞可能的保护作用。方法:实验于2006-03/10在泰山医学院生命科学研究所(省重点实验室)完成。①实验材料:取出生1h内新生儿脐带,患者知情同意。②实验分组及方法:培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,建立脂多糖损伤模型(以10mg/L的脂多糖培养液培养细胞12h),实验分为空白对照组(加等量D-Hank’s液)、脂多糖组(10mg/L)、乔松素组(加10mg/L脂多糖预孵育12h后,按50,100,200mg/L分别加入乔松素),各组设8个复孔,共同孵育24h。③实验评估:光镜下观察细胞形态,MTT法观察乔松素对人脐静脉内皮细胞活性的影响,ELISA方法检测培养上清中血管假血友病因子的含量,TUNEL检测细胞凋亡率。结果:①细胞形态:空白对照组细胞紧密贴壁,呈铺路石状生长。脂多糖组可见多数细胞呈圆形;乔松素组见上述细胞较脂多糖组明显减少。②乔松素对人脐静脉内皮细胞活性、凋亡及血管假血友病因子含量的影响:与对照组比较,脂多糖组能明显诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞的凋亡(P<0.01),不同浓度乔松素组可改善内皮细胞形态,组织活性明显升高(P<0.05),同时抑制内皮细胞血管假血友病因子的释放(P<0.05),使脂多糖诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡细胞数明显减少(P<0.05)。结论:乔松素能增强人脐静脉内皮细胞活性,抑制脂多糖诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞的凋亡,从而发挥可能的内皮细胞保护功能。     

组织因子对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞黏附功能的影响

目的:观察组织因子对体外培养的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞黏附功能的影响。方法:体外培养人脐静脉血管内皮细胞,分别加入不同浓度的组织因子,采用细胞双抗体夹心酶联免疫分析法及ELISA检测血管内皮细胞黏附因子-1(VCAM-1)及可溶性细胞间黏附因子-1(sICAM-1)表达的变化,并用单核细胞黏附率试验检测单核细胞黏附。结果:TF在0～1000pmol/L范围内以剂量依赖方式增强血管内皮细胞VCAM-1和sICAM-1的表达(P<0.01);细胞黏附试验表明TF增加单核细胞黏附率,且黏附率与加入的TF浓度呈正相关,在1000pmol/L时刺激作用最强(P<0.01)。结论:体外情况下TF能上调内皮细胞黏附分子VCAM-1及sICAM-1表达,促进单核细胞黏附,这可能在TF致动脉粥样硬化的病理过程中发挥重要作用。     

Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis by cilostazol in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

This work describes the pharmacological inhibition by cilostazol and its metabolites, OPC-13015 and OPC-13213, of the apoptosis in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) damaged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in comparison with its analog, cilostamide. Cilostazol and OPC-31213 caused a significant suppression of cell death induced by LPS (1 microg/ml) in a concentration-dependent manner but a modest suppression by cilostamide and OPC-13015. These compounds potently inhibited the 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO)/(*)OH adduct formation and significantly reduced the increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production induced by LPS (1 microg/ml). An apoptotic death of HUVECs by 1 microg/ml LPS (DNA ladders on electrophoresis) was strongly suppressed by all these compounds. Incubation with LPS caused a marked decrease in Bcl-2 protein, which was significantly reversed by cilostazol and its analogs. The greatly increased Bax protein expression and cytochrome c release by LPS were, in contrast, suppressed by cilostazol and, to a lesser degree, by others. In conclusion, cilostazol and its analogs exert a strong protection against apoptotic cell death by scavenging hydroxyl radicals and intracellular ROS with reduction in TNF-alpha formation and by increasing Bcl-2 protein expression and decreasing Bax protein and cytochrome c release.     

构建组织工程皮肤种子细胞的人血管内皮细胞的培养

目的探讨如何以简便快捷的方法获得大量生长状态良好的人血管内皮细胞,以作为构建含血管组织工程皮肤的种子细胞。方法以新生儿脐带静脉作为细胞来源,用消化法获得血管内皮细胞,用本实验室设计的方法对细胞进行纯化培养,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,结合免疫组化检测(第Ⅷ因子)和透射电镜(Weibel-Palade小体)鉴定细胞来源。结果用本实验室的纯化方法获得的血管内皮细胞未见成纤维细胞污染,细胞增殖旺盛,处于良好的生长状态。结论结果表明本实验方法可以获得大量处于良好生长状态的高纯度血管内皮细胞,可以用于含血管组织工程皮肤的构建。     

RAC1活化介导缺氧的人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡

背景:目前研究证实,Rac1蛋白能够调控甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶氧化酶的表达,刺激内源性活性氧产生,引起内皮细胞毒性改变.目的:探讨Rac1蛋白在缺氧诱导的人血管内皮细胞凋亡中的作用及其调控机制.设计、时间及地点:单一样本观察,于2007-01/2008-05在解放军沈阳军区总医院医学实验科完成.材料:自备人脐静脉内皮细胞、Phoenix amphotropic 293包装细胞、持续活化型pLNCX-L61Rac1和主导抑制的pLNCX-N17Rac1反转录病毒真核表达载体.方法:体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,将细胞以体积分数为1%O2、5%CO2及94%N2缺氧条件下培养72 h.用持续活化型pLNCX-L61Rac1(L61Rac1感染组)和主导抑制型pLNCX-N17Rac1(N17Rac1感染组)反转录病毒真核表达载体转染人脐静脉内皮细胞,并筛选稳定表达的细胞克隆.主要观察指标:①感染后稳定表达阳性克隆筛选.②采用pull-down和Western blot分析感染前后细胞内Rac1的活化.③采用持续缺氧的方法诱导内皮细胞凋亡,用TUNEL染色和Western blot检测缺氧72 h后各实验组细胞中cleave-caspase3表达.④应用免疫荧光和Western blot分析血清反应因子的表达和定位.结果:筛选出稳定表达持续活化型pLNCX-L61Rac1和主导抑制型的pLNCX-N17Rac1的人脐静脉内皮细胞克隆:应用putl down和Western blot证实各组细胞内Rac1的活化改变:与人脐静脉内皮细胞和N17Rac1感染细胞比较.缺氧72 h后L61Rac1细胞发生明显凋亡.进一步应用Western blot分析证实3组细胞中血清反应因子表达无明显改变,但人脐静脉内皮细胞和N17Rac1-HUVECs中血清反应因子为入核表达,而L61Rac1-HUVECs中血清反应因子蛋白在细胞核周大量表达,血清反应因子发生出核转位.结论:Rac1参与了内皮细胞凋亡的调控,机制可能与其调控血清反应因子蛋白核转位有关.     

Melatonin attenuates homocysteine‐induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a major risk factor for vascular disease and is closely associated with endothelial dysfunction. Melatonin is a neurohormone that is mostly produced by the pineal gland. Studies have reported that melatonin exhibits neuroprotective effects in several neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of the current study was to investigate the possible protective effect of melatonin against Hcy‐induced endothelial cell apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. HUVECs were exposed to Hcy in the presence or absence of melatonin. The effect of melatonin on viability was examined by MTT assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF‐DA). Further, expression of Bax, Bcl‐2, and caspase‐3 was analyzed by Western blot analysis. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, total antioxidant power (TAP), and total thiol molecules were also evaluated. The results of this study revealed that melatonin significantly prevented Hcy‐induced loss in cell viability in HUVECs. It was found that ROS significantly increased in the presence of Hcy, whereas melatonin reduced ROS production. Melatonin also downregulated Bax, upregulated Bcl‐2, and decreased the expression and activity of caspase‐3. Hcy increased the levels of LPO, and this effect was significantly attenuated by melatonin. Melatonin also increased the levels of TAP and total thiol molecules. It was concluded that melatonin played a protective role against Hcy‐induced endothelium cell apoptosis through inhibition of ROS accumulation and the mitochondrial‐dependent apoptotic pathway.