多层螺旋CT的临床应用

宽探测器多层采集螺旋CT,简称多层面CT(Multislice spiral CT,MSCT),是指一次扫描旋转过程中能同时获得数个层面图像投影数据的成像系统,它能明显减少获得容积扫描数据的扫描时间,大大提高了长轴方向的空间分辨率,系CT的换代产品。1 MSCT的特点1.1图像清晰MSCT通过横轴扫描三维采集数据,可以进行多种方向的重建。高质量的CT图像主要表现在各向同性。所谓各向同性是指在横轴三维采集数据后,重建出的轴位像、冠状切面和矢状切面像都具有一致的空间分辨率,所以在任何方向重建出的图像质量都是一致的。1.2范围扩大可以一次屏气完成胸…     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影检查及应用

多层螺旋CT(MSCT) 是当前CT设备技术发展的一个热点.主要的技术特征是使用多排的探测器,扫描时不是使用单层螺旋CT的扇形X线束,而是采用可以调节宽度的锥形X线束,根据采集层厚选择X线束宽度,来激发不同数目探测器,从而实现一次采集多层CT图像的目的.     

CT技术的新突破－－多层螺旋 CT

多层螺旋 CT(MSCT)是 CT发展史上的又一次重大突破。本文阐述了 MSCT探测器、 X线球管、滑环技术、计算机系统以及 MSCT软件的最新进展和改进。     

CT重建技术在腰椎多节段峡部裂诊断中的价值分析

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT重建技术在腰椎多节段峡部裂诊断中的价值。方法：选取2013年2月～2013年11月于我院收治的52例经手术证实的腰椎多节段峡部裂患者为研究对象,所有患者均进行X线、CT扫描进行诊断和多螺旋CT（ MSCT）扫描三维重建,后把X线、CT扫描和MSCT扫描三维重建结果与手术证实结果进行对比分析。结果：与手术证实结果对比发现, MSCT扫描三维重建的检出率明显高于X线和CT扫描,差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）,同时CT扫描结果与X线检出率相比,差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。结论：多层螺旋CT重建有利于更加清楚的反应病变部位,提高了腰椎多节段峡部裂的检出率,其临床应用价值显著优于传统的X线和CT扫描。     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影检查及应用

多层螺旋CT(MSCT),主要的技术特征是使用多排的探测器,扫描时不是使用单层螺旋CT的扇形X线束,而是采用可以调节宽度的锥形X线束,根据采集层厚选择X线束宽度,来激发不同数目探测器,从而实现一次采集多层CT图像的目的.由于一次扫描多层采集,扫描速度大大加快,甚至可达亚秒级,最薄层厚可达0.625mm,所以真正实现了任意平面三维重建,如矢状、冠状等,得到真正的三维图像,诊断价值大大提高.64排螺旋CT对于冠状动脉病变的诊断具有很高的敏感性和特异性,并且对病变程度的估计也很准确.要使冠状动脉血管造影CT检查的图像满足诊断的要求,并非易事.这些CT技术的发展拓展了临床应用范围,大大降低了X线辐射剂量.     

多层螺旋CT对肋骨微细骨折的分析研究

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)容积扫描对肋骨微细骨折的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析55例临床怀疑肋骨骨折,常规X线平片显示阴性的病例,应用多层螺旋CT扫描并行采用薄层重建,常规采用骨算法重建、层厚1mm的横断面图像,然后调入3D工作站,进行图像后处理,并行统计学分析。结果:48例DR X线摄影均未见明显肋骨骨折,多层螺旋CT检出81处骨折,其中,多发骨折40例,单发骨折8例。结论:多层螺旋CT显示肋骨微细骨折优于数字化X线摄影,可作为肋骨微细骨折的首选检查方法。     

多层螺旋CT层厚和螺距选择对多平面重建图像质量的影响

目的探讨多层螺旋CT层厚和螺距的选择对多平面重建图像质量的影响。材料与方法选择1mm．3mm探测器线宽及3．5及5．5螺距四种组合对一幅完整人类头颅骨标本行多层螺旋CT扫描。重建采用1mm及3mm有效层厚及0．5和1．5mm的50％重叠重建。多平面重建选择垂直于听眶线的冠状面重建。结果四组图像均获得高质量冠状位多平面重建图像,以1mm层厚,3．5螺距组图像质量最佳,对细微结构的显示1mm有效层厚获得MPR高于3mm层厚,而螺距影响不大：结论多层螺旋CT层厚影响MPR图像质量的决定因素,而螺距对图像质量影响不大．     

多排螺旋CT心脏冠状动脉成像的临床应用

1 引言 近几年多排螺旋CT（Multi-detector row spiral CT，MDCT）发展极为迅速。从1998年国际上第一台4排MDCT问世，至2004年底通用电器公司（GE）首先推出了64排MDCT，中间经过8排、16排、32排等过渡产品，仅仅用了6年时间。“排”是指CT扫描机探测器的阵列数，一般排数越多，探测器宽度越宽，一次扫描完成的宽度越大。有人将多“排”螺旋CT称为多“层”螺旋CT（Multi-slice spiral CT，MSCT），在一般情况下两者的含义相同，即有多少“排”探测器，一次扫描即可完成多少层图像的采集。     

多层螺旋CT机探测器的技术特点和应用

多排探测器是多层螺旋CT的心脏,扫描时控制电路将16排探测器分为4组,独立采集数据.它提高了图像Z轴分辨力和时间分辨力.获得的薄层图像为三维后处理提供了素材.它降低了X线剂量指数,提高了球管效率.DAS电路、准直器和重建算法也有新的发展.     

多层螺旋CT后处理重建在肋骨和肋软骨骨折诊断中的临床应用

目的 研究多层螺旋CT(MSCT)图像后处理技术在肋骨及肋软骨骨折诊断中的应用价值.方法 用16层螺旋CT机按照常规扫描条件对45例胸部外伤伴肋骨及肋软骨骨折病例扫描和薄层重建.于EBW工作站上采用VR、SSD、MIP和MPR(包括曲面重建)技术进行肋骨及肋软骨重建,并与X线胸片(CR/DR)和常规轴位CT图像对照.结果 在16层螺旋CT重建后发现的82处肋骨及15处肋软骨骨折中,X线平片仅发现肋骨骨折57/82处(69.5%),肋软骨骨折0处;常规轴位CT发现肋骨骨折67/82处(81.7%),肋软骨骨折4/15处(26.7%).结论 16排螺旋CT图像后处理技术对肋骨及肋软骨骨折的显示明显优于X线胸片及常规胸部轴位CT扫描,尤其对肋软骨骨折的诊断将是首选诊断方法.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.