上海浦东新区良性前列腺增生合并膀胱过度活动症的流行病学调查

目的调查上海浦东新区≥50岁人群良性前列腺增生(BPH)合并膀胱过度活动症(OAB)的患病率、相关危险因素及其对患者生活质量的影响。方法运用描述性流行病学多阶段随机抽样方法,在上海浦东新区一般人群中抽取≥50岁BPH患者1 632名,对下尿路症状(LUTS)情况采用国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)和生活质量评分(QoL)进行评估;应用国际勃起功能指数问卷-5(IIEF-5)记录患者的阴茎勃起功能情况;对合并OAB患者采用膀胱过度活动症症状评分(OABSS)和King健康问卷评分(KHQ)调查;评估BPH合并OAB对患者生活质量的影响。结果共获得有效问卷1 476份。BPH合并OAB的总患病率为39.6%,50岁~、60岁~、70岁~、80岁~及≥90岁年龄组的患病率分别为28.1%、34.2%、44.6%、48.2%、51.5%。年龄、前列腺体积及焦虑抑郁是BPH合并OAB的危险因素。随着年龄与前列腺体积的增加,BPH合并OAB患病率升高,患者LUTS加重,IPSS、QoL、OABSS、KHQ评分增加,IIEF-5评分下降。KHQ评分较高的项目有一般健康状况(26.9±7.4)分、排尿问题严重程度(29.6±8.2)分和睡眠/精力(32.5±8.3)分。结论浦东新区≥50岁人群BPH合并OAB患病率为39.6%,其患病率与年龄、前列腺体积及焦虑抑郁程度呈正相关;BPH可能是男性OAB的患病危险因素之一,而BPH合并OAB可严重影响患者生活质量。     

前列腺增生合并膀胱过度活动症患者生活质量评估的进展

2002年国际尿控学会(intemational continence society,ICS)将膀胱过度活动症(overactive bladder,OAB)定义为一种尿急、可伴或不伴急迫性尿失禁,通常伴尿频和夜尿等症状的综合征[1].这些症状提示逼尿肌过度活动(detrusor overactivity,DO).OAB症状可由尿动力学检查证实是由膀胱非随意收缩引起,也可能由排尿或尿路功能障碍的其他原因产生.欧洲的一项研究发现,＞40岁人口中16.6%有轻重不等的膀胱过度活动问题,其中女性17.4 %、男性15.5%;年龄越大,发生率越高[2].我国北京地区＞18岁女性的OAB患病率为4.7%,低于西方国家,郊区高于城区,并随着年龄、体质指数及焦虑程度的增加而呈明显上升趋势[3].     

吉林省监测人群骨质疏松症流行特征及影响因素分析

目的 分析吉林省居民骨质疏松症(osteoporosis, OP)流行特征及其影响因素，了解吉林省居民OP现状，为OP相关防控策略的制订提供依据。方法 于2018年1月至8月，采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样方法，选取吉林省4个县(区)共1 850名20岁以上常住居民进行问卷调查、身体测量和骨密度检测。OP相关影响因素分析采用SPSS 21.0版统计软件进行χ²检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 吉林省20岁以上居民OP患病率为10.22%,同男性(3.15%)相比，女性OP患病率较高(16.33%)。女性OP患病率是男性的5.929倍(OR=5.929,95%CI:3.797～9.258,P<0.001);城市居民OP患病率是农村居民的2.234倍(OR=2.234,95%CI:1.400～3.564,P=0.001);50～64岁、≥65岁组OP的患病率分别是20～49岁组的4.964、9.728倍(OR=4.964,95%CI:2.857～8.623,P<0.001;OR=9.728,95%CI:5.301～17.853,P<0.001)...     

甘肃省20-80岁和绝经后女性骨质疏松症患病影响因素分析

目的 了解甘肃省20-80岁汉族女性以及绝经女性骨质疏松症患病率,探讨女性骨质疏松症的影响因素。 方法 2016年7-8月采用分层整群随机抽样方法在甘肃省兰州市、张掖市、高台县、肃南裕固族自治县选取20-80岁汉族女性进行问卷调查,应用法国Medilink公司生产的Pegasus超声骨密度仪检测跟骨骨强度,采用?2检验和非条件logistic回归对骨质疏松症的可能影响因素进行分析。 结果 甘肃省20-80岁汉族女性骨质疏松症总患病率为15.10%,40-80岁绝经后女性骨质疏松症患病率为25.88%。体重指数越大(OR=0.392,95%CI: 0.229-0.672)、从事的职业劳动强度重(OR=0.461,95%CI: 0.295-0.721)和体育锻炼频次多(OR=0.565,95%CI: 0.407-0.786)有利于降低骨质疏松症发生,有既往骨折史的女性发生骨质疏松症风险高(OR=1.544, 95%CI: 1.080-2.205)。绝经是骨质疏松症的危险因素(P未绝经组=8.33% vs P绝经组=22.76%,P?0.0001;OR=2.633,95%CI: 1.655-4.190),其中绝经年限越长骨质疏松症的发生风险越高(OR=2.910,95%CI: 1.426-5.939),女性绝经年龄越晚发生骨质疏松症的风险越低(OR=0.354,95%CI: 0.172-0.628)。 结论 针对体重指数低、有既往骨折史、运动少、绝经年龄早和绝经年限长的女性应该格外关注。在膳食上注意补充钙和维生素D,生活上经常锻炼运动。了解骨质疏松症的患病情况及研究其影响因素对成年妇女的健康促进具有重要意义。     

甘肃省20岁～80岁和绝经后女性骨质疏松症患病影响因素分析

目的了解甘肃省20~80岁汉族女性以及绝经女性骨质疏松症患病率,探讨女性骨质疏松症的影响因素。方法2016年7月~8月采用分层整群随机抽样方法在甘肃省兰州市、张掖市、高台县、肃南裕固族自治县选取20~80岁汉族女性进行问卷调查,应用法国Medilink公司生产的Pegasus超声骨密度仪检测跟骨骨强度,采用χ~2检验和非条件logistic回归对骨质疏松症的可能影响因素进行分析。结果甘肃省20~80岁汉族女性骨质疏松症总患病率为15.10%,40~80岁绝经后女性骨质疏松症患病率为25.88%。体重指数越大(OR=0.392,95%CI:0.229-0.672)、从事的职业劳动强度重(OR=0.461,95%CI:0.295-0.721)和体育锻炼频次多(OR=0.565,95%CI:0.407-0.786)有利于降低骨质疏松症发生,有既往骨折史的女性发生骨质疏松症风险高(OR=1.544,95%CI:1.080-2.205)。绝经是骨质疏松症的危险因素(P未绝经组=8.33%vs P绝经组=22.76%,P0.0001;OR=2.633,95%CI:1.655-4.190),其中绝经年限越长骨质疏松症的发生风险越高(OR=2.910,95%CI:1.426-5.939),女性绝经年龄越晚发生骨质疏松症的风险越低(OR=0.354,95%CI:0.172-0.628)。结论针对体重指数低、有既往骨折史、运动少、绝经年龄早和绝经年限长的女性应该格外关注。在膳食上注意补充钙和维生素D,生活上经常锻炼运动。了解骨质疏松症的患病情况及研究其影响因素对成年妇女的健康促进具有重要意义。     

乳腺癌对患者配偶性功能的影响

目的:了解女性乳腺癌患者配偶的性行为及性功能变化与临床变量和社会人口学变量之间的潜在关系。方法:采用横断面研究,2020年5月至2020年10月收集病例,共纳入196例23～59岁的女性乳腺癌患者的男性配偶。通过在线问卷或电话访问方式,填写男性性功能问卷(BSFI),并收集社会人口学变量和临床变量。结果:受访者年龄(46.13±7.75)岁,至调查时患者患癌时间(1.58±0.48)年。受访者性功能障碍发生率在患者患癌前(9.68%)后(49.76%)存在显著差异(P<0.001);主要类型是性欲低下(38.3%)。患者接受乳腺根治性切除术(OR=5.533,P=0.017,95%CI=1.366～22.412)和接受放疗者(OR=3.439,P<0.044,95%CI=1.058～11.171)其配偶出现性欲低下问题概率更高。受访者性欲低下的发生率的受自身年龄(OR=1.134,P=0.001,95%CI=1.053～1.222)影响显著。结论:女性患乳腺癌及治疗情况可能影响配偶性功能状态。医务工作者有必要对影响患者及其配偶性功能的因素加以关注,以采取相应的干预措施。     

北京地区18岁以上人群腰椎退行性疾病患病率及分布特征研究

目的 调查北京地区18岁以上人群腰椎退行性疾病患病率分布特征.方法 研究设计为现况研究,采用多阶段抽样方法,于2010年12月期间对北京地区18岁以上常住居民进行问卷调查,内容包括研究对象的性别、年龄、民族、教育背景、收入水平、社会保险类型和工作性质等信息,以及研究对象在二级及以上级别医院腰椎退行性疾病诊断情况.采用单因素Logistic回归和多因素Logistic回归模型筛选腰椎病的高危地区和高危人群.结果 3186例研究对象纳入分析.其中发生腰椎退行性疾病患者292例,患病率为9.17％(292/3186);中心城区、郊县城区和农村地区发生腰椎退行性疾病的患病率(7.88％、10.20％、9.59％)比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=3.545,P=0.170);女性患病率(10.19％)高于男性(8.13％)(x2=4.081,P=0.043),OR值为1.337 (95％CI:1.044,1.713);45～、60～、≥75岁人群的患病率均高于＜45岁组(x2=102.982,P＜0.001),OR值依次为3.667 (95％CI:2.657,5.059)、4.476(95％CI:3.125,6.412)和3.093 (95％CI:1.747,5.479);体力劳动为主的人群患病率(12.16％)较混合型(6.65％)高,OR值为1.510(95％CI:1.102,2.071).不同教育水平、社会保险和收入水平人群的患病率比较,差异无统计学意义.结论 北京地区腰椎退行性疾病患病率总体水平较高;患病率分布不存在地区差异,且分布范围广,有必要在大范围内加强对该病的预防、诊断和治疗研究.女性、年龄在45岁以上和以体力劳动为主的人群为腰椎退行性疾病的高危人群.     

北京地区人群夜尿患病率风险因素及相关生活质量调查

目的 探讨北京地区人群夜尿患病率、风险因素及夜尿相关生活质量状况.方法 2008年10月至2009年2月分层整群抽取北京市西城区、昌平区和延庆县7个社区,采用自行设计问卷及夜尿相关生活质量表对社区家庭中1～3位年龄＞30岁受访者进行问卷调查.Logistic分析评价风险因素,包括年龄、高血压病、糖尿病、心血管疾病、BPH、饮酒和吸烟.多元线性回归分析影响生活质量评分的独立因素.结果 1198名年龄＞30岁的受访者纳入研究,主诉夜间至少2次夜尿者411人(34.3%).夜尿发生率随年龄增长而增加,＜40岁者为8.6%,≥70岁者为67.7%.高血压病(OR 2.322;95%CI:1.387～3.887)、糖尿病(OR 2.298;95%CI:1.066～4.954)和BPH(OR3.900;95%CI:1.890～8.049)为夜尿风险因素.性别与夜尿无明显相关性(P＞0.05).夜尿次数增加(回归系数:-2.564;95%CI:-3.080～-2.049)和总睡眠时间减少(回归系数:1.738;95%CI:0.948～2.527)是预测夜尿相关生活质量分数降低的独立因素.结果 北京地区人群夜尿患病率较高,高血压病、糖尿病和BPH是夜尿主要风险因素,每晚夜尿＞2次对生活质量影响较为显著.     

北京地区女性常见妇科炎症患病率抽样问卷调查

目的：调查北京地区成年女性阴道炎、宫颈炎和附件炎患病率,为制定临床治疗和社区干预政策提供依据. 方法：本研究采用分层多阶段整群系统抽样的方法,对北京市3个城区和3个郊区的48个居委会（村）20岁以上常住北京的成年女性进行问卷调查.应用Epidata3.0建立数据库,应用SPSS 16.0进行数据分析.结果：本研究共调查符合条件的调查对象3 120人,回收有效问卷3 058份.成年女性阴道炎、宫颈炎和附件炎患病率分别为10.9%（332/3 058例）、5.7%（173/3 058例）和4.6%（141/3 058例）.不同年龄组城区和郊区女性阴道炎、宫颈炎和附件炎的患病率均存在显著性差异（P〈0.001）,目前在婚女性阴道炎、宫颈炎和附件炎患病率均高于独身女性（P=0.001,P=0.001,P=0.002）,家庭人均收入低于2000元/月的女性宫颈炎和附件炎患病率高于家庭人均收入高于2000元/月女性（P〈0.05）.结论：阴道炎、宫颈炎和附件炎等妇科炎症是一组患病率高的疾病,临床治疗和社区干预亟待开展.     

绝经与中国南方地区女性代谢综合征的关系

目的了解中国南方地区40～70岁女性代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,Mets)与绝经的关系。方法 913例40～70岁女性,按照不同绝经阶段进行分组,根据国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)全球代谢综合征工作定义标准,分析不同绝经阶段Mets各代谢异常的组分的患病率及与绝经的关系。结果 (1)本研究观察例数为913例,研究对象的平均年龄为51.51±6.10岁,平均初潮年龄为14.08±3.10岁,平均绝经年龄为49.71±3.92岁;(2)总体研究对象的Mets的患病率为27.82%,绝经后女性的Mets的患病率为35.48%。不同绝经阶段女性的Mets的患病率存在差异,从绝经过渡期晚期Mets的患病率显著增加(P<0.01);(3)总体研究对象中心性肥胖及高甘油三脂血症的患病率随着绝经年限及年龄的增加而增加(χ2=19.25,P=0.002,χ2=29.96,P<0.001),患病率分别为58.38%,28.92%。(4)同年龄阶段绝经女性较未绝经女性Mets的患病率增加(χ2=73.52,P<0.001);(5)Mets的相关影响因素的Logistic回归分析的结果显示绝经与Mets显著相关(OR=1.24,95%CI=1.003-1.450,P=0.002)。结论中国南方地区40～70岁女性Mets的患病率为27.82%,绝经后女性Mets的患病率为36.48%。绝经后女性是Mets的高危人群,绝经是Mets的危险因素。绝经过渡期晚期是Mets患病率显著升高的最早时期,故可将绝经过渡期晚期作为防止Mets的"窗口期"。     

Prevalence of the overactive bladder syndrome by applying the International Continence Society definition

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of the overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome in an urban population by using the International Continence Society (ICS) definition and to determine its impact on quality of life and sexual function. METHODS: Women and men participating in a health screening project in the area of Vienna completed the Bristol Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) questionnaire. To assess the prevalence of OAB the 2002 ICS definition was applied. In addition, all participants underwent a detailed health examination, including physical assessment, evaluation of life style factors, laboratory study and urinalysis. RESULTS: A total of 1199 men and 1219 women aged 20-91 years were analysed. The prevalence of OAB in men (48.5+/-13.1 years) was 10.2% (OABdry: 8.4%; OABwet: 1.8%) and 16.8% in women (49.5+/-13.5 years; OABdry:10.3%; OABwet: 6.5%). In women, the prevalence of OABdry remained fairly stable over 6 life decades, while OABwet increased substantially after the age of 40 years. In men OABwet and OABdry increased after the third life decade. In men with OAB, 48% did not report a negative impact on quality of life, 36% had minimal, 9.8% moderate and 2.5% severe impairment; the respective percentages for women were 53%, 33%, 7.3% and 6.3%. OABwet had a more profound impact on quality of life. A negative impact of OAB on sexuality was reported by 24% of men and 31% of women. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of OAB in this population, its negative impact of quality of life and sexuality underline the importance of this syndrome.     

Prevalence and risk factors of overactive bladder syndrome in Fuzhou Chinese women

AIMS: We randomly sampled a community-based, healthy population to evaluate the prevalence and associated risk factors of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome by using the International Continence Society (ICS) definition. METHODS: We randomly sampled 6,066 women (3.0% of registered female residents aged 20 years and older in Fuzhou) and mailed Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms questionnaire for women self-completion. Women (4,684; 77.2%) with evaluable data were included in this study. RESULTS: The prevalence of OAB was 8.0% (n = 377), OAB(dry) 2.4% (n = 114), and OAB(wet) 5.6% (n = 263), hence 30% had OAB(dry) and 70% OAB(wet.) The prevalence of OAB and OAB(wet) demonstrated an significant increasing with advancing age (P < 0.01). A multiple logistic regression analysis showed menopause, parity >2, constipation, episiotomy, and higher BMI were potential risk factors for OAB, constipation increased the occurrence of OAB(dry). OAB(wet) was associated with menopause, parity >2, higher fetal birthweight, episiotomy, while cesarean delivery protected against the development of OAB(wet). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of OAB in chinese women is lower than that of most reports in Occidental women, and increases with advancing age. Many potential risk factors increase the occurrence of OAB.     

Cross-cultural differences for adapting overactive bladder symptoms: results of an epidemiologic survey in Korea

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) in a Korean national community sample of adults aged 40–89 years. A national Korean telephone survey using quota sampling methods was conducted. A clinically validated computer-assisted telephone interview approach was used in the survey. In 2,005 subjects (1,005 women and 1,000 men) interviewed, the prevalence of OAB_wet increased with age in both men and women but OAB_dry did not. OAB_dry of men and women was not different in each age decade but OAB_wet was more common among women than men aged <70 years. Multivariate analysis indicated that sex, age and body mass index (BMI) were associated with OAB_dry. For OAB_wet, sex and age were independent risk factors but BMI was not. In multivariate analysis, urgency was not associated with an increased likelihood of the impact on sexual life in men. The likelihood of the impact on sexual life, quality of life (QOL) and willingness to seek medical consultation was not related to nocturia. In female subjects, odds ratios for the impact of daily living, sexual life, QOL, and willingness to seek help from a health professional were not increased for nocuria. The likelihood of the impact on sexual life and willingness to seek medical help was not related to urge incontinence. Our study provides a valuable insight into the need for tailored education to this population about OAB. These findings suggest that there are cross-cultural differences for adapting OAB symptoms.     

Epidemiology and etiology of overactive bladder

Bladder overactivity (OAB) is a common disease with a socioeconomic impact comparable to diabetes mellitus. As life expectancy rises in industrialized countries the importance of OAB will further increase. The International Continence Society (ICS) recently reported a modified terminology for lower urinary tract function and established the symptom-based term OAB. The etiology of OAB comprises neurogenic and non-neurogenic detrusor hyperactivity as well as detrusor hypersensitivity. Neurogenic detrusor hyperactivity may be caused by insufficient cortical inhibition, degenerative neuropathies, and spinal cord lesions, whereas bladder aging, bladder outlet obstruction, and chronic bladder irritation (UTI, stones, tumors) are possible causes for non-neurogenic detrusor hyperactivity. Since most epidemiologic surveys focus on urge incontinence without considering urgency frequency without incontinence, epidemiologic data concerning OAB are rare. Two recently published multinational prevalence studies from Europe and Asia show different prevalence values [Europe: 15.6% (men), 17.4% (women); Asia: 53.1%(women)], which may be due to methodological differences. Both studies report an increase of OAB prevalence corresponding with age. The cumulative incidence of OAB is rising faster in aging males than in aging females. Two-thirds of the European and one-fourth of the Asian individuals affected by OAB complained about impaired quality of life, but only 60% of the European and 21% of the Asian sufferers have talked to a doctor or sought treatment. One out of four patients visiting their health care professional for OAB symptoms is currently under medication. To avoid high treatment costs and side effects, pharmacotherapy (e.g., antimuscarinics) should only be given after detailed diagnostic evaluation.     

社区中老年男性膀胱过度活动症患病率的调查研究

目的 探讨社区中老年男性膀胱过度活动症(OAB)的患病状况以及与年龄、下尿路症状的相关性.方法 2007年5月至2008年6月,随机选择50岁以上北京多个社区男性人群作为研究对象.下尿路症状的评估包括国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量(QOL)评分、腹部B超前列腺体积、残余尿量测定及最大尿流率测定.OAB的评估主要依据患者尿急的状况确定,将IPSS评分表中第4项得分≥2定义为OAB.结果 本研究共调查社区中老年男性人群1656人,符合本研究要求的共计1639人.年龄50～89岁,平均(64±10)岁.OAB的患病率为26.3%(431/1639).OAB的患病率与社区中老年男性的年龄、IPSS评分、QOL评分、前列腺体积、残余尿量以及最大尿流率均具有显著相关性(均P＜0.01).对年龄以及IPSS评分的分层研究发现,OAB的患病率随着年龄的增加以及下尿路症状的加重明显升高(P＜0.01).结论 社区中老年男性OAB的患病率随年龄增长逐渐增加,同时OAB明显影响中老年男性的生活质量.     

The association between overactive bladder and diuretic use in the elderly

Several recent population-based studies have provided insight into the clinical importance and impact of overactive bladder (OAB). Although OAB can affect anyone at any age, the prevalence tends to increase with advancing age. Diuretic use is also common among older adults, as the prevalence of clinical conditions such as hypertension and heart failure requiring its use increases markedly with age. By causing increased formation of urine by the kidneys, diuretics increase urinary frequency and may cause urinary urgency and incontinence. This review provides a summary of available data, focusing on the association between OAB and diuretic use in the elderly. Although there is very little research work in this area, available studies have provided insight into the possible contribution of diuretic use to OAB in the elderly. Based on a recent report, OAB symptoms are common among older adults using diuretics, particularly the loop-type, and are associated with poor quality of life. More studies are required to fully understand the association between diuretic use and OAB, particularly its impact on health-related quality of life.     

The effect of overactive bladder syndrome on the sexual quality of life in Korean young and middle aged women

Some reports showed that urinary incontinence (UI) or female lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) affect life quality and sexual activity. In clinical practice, it is commonly found that not only the symptoms of UI but also overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome affect daily lifestyle and sexual activity, especially in women in the most active era in their social and personal life. However, there is lack of data proving the effect of OAB syndrome on sexual activity or sexual life quality in sexually active age group. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of OAB syndrome and UI on the sexual activity and on the sexual quality of life (QoL) of Korean women age from 20s to 40s. We investigated 3372 women aged between 20 and 49 y, enrolled via a multicenter internet survey. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data about their LUTS and sexual activities. The prevalence of OAB syndrome and UI in 3372 women was 12.7 and 21.0%, respectively. Mean subject age was 26.4+/-4.8 y and 79.5% of subjects were 20-29 y old. Having OAB syndrome or UI were found to be significant predictors of sexual life problems (OAB syndrome: OR=5.08, 95% CI=3.68-7.01; UI: OR=4.16, 95% CI=3.06-5.67). Sexual activity was significantly reduced in OAB syndrome and UI versus the asymptomatic group (OAB syndrome: OR=4.8, 95% CI=3.14-6.83; UI: OR=3.9, 95% CI=2.81-5.27). This study is the first internet-based study concerning the sexual QoL in UI and OAB syndrome. In this study, OAB syndrome was found to cause a greater deterioration in the sexual QoL than UI. These results suggest that these symptoms have a significant impact upon women's personal and social lives and markedly affect the QoL.     

Pelvic organ prolapse quantification in women referred with overactive bladder

Introduction and hypothesis

A study was carried out to investigate the relationship of anterior vaginal wall descent or prolapse to overactive bladder and its potential mechanisms, advancing the management of overactive bladder (OAB).

Methods

Two hundred twenty-six consecutive women with OAB symptoms were prospectively studied using OAB questionnaire (OAB-q) and pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q). According to POP-Q staging, they were divided into three groups: stages 0, I, and II. For statistical analysis, a one-way ANOVA was used to test for significant differences with Student–Newman–Keuls post hoc analysis for continuous variables (OAB-q symptom severity, health-related quality of life total scores, and age) and chi-squared test for discrete variable (number of menopausal women).

Results

Twenty-two women (9.73%) did not show any prolapse on examination; 204 (90.26%) had anterior vaginal wall descent or prolapse. The outcome statistics denoted that the difference in OAB-q scores among three groups has statistical significance (P?<?0.05). Anterior vaginal wall descent or prolapse may have associations with OAB.

Conclusions

Anterior vaginal wall descent or prolapse may have associations with OAB and is directly correlated to OAB severity.     

Prevalence of the overactive bladder among Iranian women based on the International Continence Society definition: a population-based study

There is a continuing debate on the accurate prevalence estimates of overactive bladder (OAB) among different ethnicities and regions. The aims of our study were to determine the prevalence of OAB, associated risk factors, and the impact of OAB on the quality of life and sexual function of Iranian women. A total of 8748 women between 15 and 55 years of age enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The definition of the 2002 International Continence Society (ICS) was applied to assess the prevalence of OAB. All participants underwent a detailed history and physical examination that included an evaluation of quality of life, coping strategies and treatment-seeking behavior, laboratory tests, urinalysis and current or previous therapy. The degree of bother was quantified using s visual analog scale (VAS). The overall prevalence of OAB was found to be 18.2% and increased with age from 10.9% in adults aged 15–29 years to 26.2% in those aged >50 years old (test for trend, P = 0.001). A negative impact of OAB on sexual function was reported by 72.3% of the women. Frequency was the most commonly reported symptom (67% of women), followed by urgency (54%). Subjects with OAB had a higher prevalence of anxiety (28.2 vs. 8.8%; P = 0.001), depression (38.2 vs. 18.2%; P = 0.02) and tiredness (16.4 vs. 2.7%; P = 0.001), and they reported significant impairment in carrying out household chores (P = 0.01), physical activities (P = 0.01) and work-related activities (P = 0.01) as well as negative effects on education (P = 0.02), sleep (P = 0.001), relationships (P = 0.001) and annual income (P = 0.01). The prevalence of OAB in Iranian women is higher than that reported in many previous studies in developed and developing countries. Our results reveal that OAB is a highly prevalent condition among Iranian women and that is has a serious impact on quality of life and sexual function. Mohammad Reza Safarinejad, Vice-Chancellor for Education and Research, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Associate Professor of Urology, Director Department of Urology, Associate Editor of Urology Journal.     

Incidence and prevalence of overactive bladder

Recent changes in terminology, diagnosis, and therapy have refocused attention on overactive bladder (OAB). This symptom syndrome is highly prevalent worldwide and significantly impairs the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Accurate epidemiologic incidence and prevalence studies of OAB have been hampered in the past by, among other issues, a generalized lack of agreement regarding definition of the disorder, and consequently, accurate case finding. This obstacle resulted in considerably wide estimates in the reported incidence and prevalence of OAB in the literature. A new symptom-based definition of OAB, formally adopted by the Standardization Committee at a recent International Continence Society meeting, should provide a framework for future epidemiologic studies. Current estimates of incidence, prevalence, effects on quality of life, and societal costs may need to be reassessed based on these new data.